Ethnic Han, native of Tianzhen, Shanxi Province, born in July 1948. Joined the Communist Party of China (CPC) in February 1983 and began working in January 1969. Graduated from the Department of History at Northwest University, majoring in history. With a university education. Senior economist.

Member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, vice-premier of the State Council and member of its Leading Party Members' Group.

1969-1971: Worked as an educated youth sent to the countryside at Fengzhuang People's Commune in Yan'an County, Shaanxi Province

1971-1973: Worked in Shaanxi Provincial Museum

1973-1976: Student majoring in history of the Department of History at Northwest University

1976-1979: Worked in Shaanxi Provincial Museum

1979-1982: Intern researcher at the Institute of Modern History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

1982-1986: Division chief, researcher (at the deputy department chief level) and deputy director of the Liaison Office, at the Rural Policy Research Office of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee and the Rural Development Research Center under the State Council

1986-1988: Researcher (at the department chief level) of the Rural Policy Research Office of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee, director of the Liaison Office of the Rural Development Research Center under the State Council and concurrently director of the National Office for Pilot Areas of Rural Reform, and acting director and director of the Development Institute of the Rural Development Research Center under the State Council

1988-1989: General manager and secretary of the Party committee of China Rural Trust and Investment Corporation

1989-1993: Vice-governor of the People's Construction Bank of China and member of its Leading Party Members' Group (attended a workshop run by the Party School of the CPC Central Committee for cadres at the provincial and ministerial level from September to November 1992)

1993-1994: Vice-governor of the People's Bank of China and member of its Leading Party Members' Group

1994-1996: Governor of the People's Construction Bank of China and secretary of its Leading Party Members' Group

1996-1997: Governor of the China Construction Bank and secretary of its Leading Party Members' Group

1997-1998: Member of the Standing Committee of the CPC Guangdong Provincial Committee

1998-2000: Member of the Standing Committee of the CPC Guangdong Provincial Committee and vice-governor of Guangdong Province

2000-2002: Director of the Office for Economic Restructuring under the State Council and secretary of its Leading Party Members' Group

2002-2003: Secretary of the CPC Hainan Provincial Committee and chairman of the Standing Committee of Hainan Provincial People's Congress

2003-2004: Deputy secretary of the CPC Beijing Municipal Committee, acting mayor of Beijing, executive chairman of the Beijing Organizing Committee for the XXIX Olympiad and deputy secretary of its Leading Party Members' Group

2004-2007: Deputy secretary of the CPC Beijing Municipal Committee, mayor of Beijing, executive chairman of the Beijing Organizing Committee for the XXIX Olympiad and deputy secretary of its Leading Party Members' Group

2007-2008: Member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee

2008-: Member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, vice-premier of the State Council and member of its Leading Party Members' Group

Alternate member of the 15th CPC Central Committee. Member of the 16th and 17th central committees. Member of the Political Bureau of the 17th CPC Central Committee.