• Q1: Why is the Chinese War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression said to have lasted 14 years? What stages did it go through?

• A: The September 18th Incident in Shenyang in 1931, in which Japanese troops engineered an explosion as a pretext for invading northeast China, marked the beginning of the Chinese War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. >>

• Q2: Why is the War of Resistance a national turning point from decline to rejuvenation?

• A: Looking back on the humiliation and tragedy that spanned almost a century of modern Chinese history starting from the Opium War of 1840–1842, it is difficult to name any world power that did not participate in invasion and plunder in China. >>

 • Q3: Why was the CPC the mainstay of Chinese united resistance?

• A: The War of Resistance was a people’s war involving the whole Chinese nation. >>

• Q4: Why was the China Theater the main eastern theater in the Global War against Fascism?

• A: The War of Resistance was an important part of the Global War against Fascism, and this made it possible for the China Theater to become the main theater in the East for this war. >>

• Q5: What incident marked the beginning of the War of Resistance? 

• A: Since launching the Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895, Japan had secured enormous political, economic, and military gains from northeast China and had come to regard the region as its lifeline. >>

• Q6: How was the puppet state of Manchukuo founded? 

• A: In order to distract any potential international audience, cover up its act of aggression, and keep northeast China permanently under its control, Japan decided to form the puppet state of Manchukuo four days after the September 18th Incident in 1931. >>

• Q7: What signified that the Chinese united front against Japanese aggression was formally taking shape and how did it come about? 

• A: A CPC manifesto and a statement by Chiang Kai-shek signified that the Chinese united front against Japanese aggression was formally taking shape. >>

• Q8: What marked the beginning of the Chinese nationwide resistance? 

• A: The July 7th Incident (also known as the “Lugou” or “Marco Polo” Bridge Incident) marked the beginning of the nationwide resistance. >>

• Q9: How did the CPC direct war efforts in the resistance? 

• A: The CPC advocated adopting a line of total resistance against Japanese aggression by the whole nation. >>

• Q10: How did the KMT direct war efforts in the resistance? 

• A: After the July 7th Incident, the KMT authorities formulated plans for guiding the war effort. >>

• Q11: What was the first major victory the Chinese military won during the War of Resistance? 

• A: In mid-September of 1937, the 5th Division of the Japanese North China Area Army rapidly approached the Inner Great Wall. At the same time, in coordination with the 5th Division, the main force of the Chahar Expeditionary Force of the Kwantung Army set off on a southward offensive from Datong. >>

• Q12: Victory at Tai’erzhuang in the Battle of Xuzhou 

• A: The battle of Tai’erzhuang is the best known part of the Battle of Xuzhou. Located on the northern bank of the Grand Canal 30 kilometers northeast of Xuzhou, Tai’erzhuang was positioned on the canal and was the gateway to Xuzhou. >>

• Q13: What did the Chinese government do to develop the economy during the War of Resistance? 

• A: Soon after Japan’s full-scale war of aggression against China began, Shanghai and the other coastal areas, where most of the industry was concentrated, fell one after another into enemy hands. >>

• Q14: What kinds of cultural and educational activities were drawn on in China to support the resistance effort and how were they carried out?

• A: After the outbreak of the nationwide War of Resistance, a Chinese united front was quickly formed bringing those from different cultural circles together. >>