In a world where history often fades into obscurity, Fang Li, a 70-year-old Chinese filmmaker and oceanic expert, is on a mission to revive forgotten stories from the depths of the sea and the annals of time. His latest documentary, "The Sinking of the Lisbon Maru," has not only captivated audiences but was also recently selected as the submission from the Chinese mainland for the best international feature film Oscar.

Fang Li with Lisbon Maru survivor Dennis Morley during an interview. Morley, the last survivor in the U.K., died in 2021 at age 101. [Image courtesy of Laurel Films]

The film explores the lesser-known tragedy of a Japanese cargo ship carrying 1,816 British prisoners of war (POWs) from the Battle of Hong Kong in 1941. In October 1942, while en route to Japan without POW markings, the ship was torpedoed by a U.S. submarine. When it sank near the Dongji Islands in Zhoushan, eastern China's Zhejiang province, Japanese soldiers locked prisoners below deck or shot at them, resulting in 828 deaths. Despite the danger, 255 local Chinese fishermen bravely rescued 384 British prisoners amid gunfire.

Fang's documentary is a testament to his dedication to uncovering these hidden stories. "From the beginning, I felt a deep responsibility to bring this story to light," Fang told China.org.cn. "If I had not pursued this, I would have been a sinner of history."

Concept art to reenact the sinking scene from "The Sinking of the Lisbon Maru." [Image courtesy of Laurel Films]

As both a marine technologist and a filmmaker, Fang faced numerous challenges in producing this film. Over eight years, he invested his time and personal finances, selling all his properties and accumulating a large amount of debt. Despite the financial burden, Fang remained undeterred.

"For those of us living in a peaceful era today, making this film is about prioritizing history over profit," he stated. "We want to widely publicize it, allowing more people to remember this segment of history so that it is never silenced again."

Since its debut a month ago, "The Sinking of the Lisbon Maru" has grossed nearly 40 million yuan ($5.7 million) and holds the highest score for any domestic film this year on Douban, China's major review aggregation website. The film's 9.3/10 rating, based on more than 84,000 reviews, has helped sustain its box office performance.

Sonar image of the Lisbon Maru wreckage. [Image courtesy of Laurel Films]

"This cruel massacre has been buried under the sea and denied by the Japanese military for 82 years," Fang noted. "No one has yet challenged the Japanese government's account, which was only addressed once in 1943."

The documentary explores how historical events are remembered or forgotten. Fang and his team interviewed nearly 150 people across continents and engaged with about 380 families, bringing personal stories to life. Their efforts illuminated a forgotten chapter of history and provided solace to affected families. Fang also organized memorial events at the sinking site with descendants of those involved.

Descendants of British prisoners of war hold a memorial at the coordinates of the sunken Lisbon Maru. [Image courtesy of Laurel Films]

Fang shared several poignant stories cut from the film. One described a POW diving into the water to bid a final farewell to a dying comrade trapped in the ship's hull. Another depicted a POW's wartime romance with a Hong Kong girl; though they never reunited, he later named his daughter after her. "Regardless of race, time, or distance, emotions remain timeless," Fang said.

Fang hopes the local government will establish a maritime anti-fascist memorial museum near the sinking location. He has also discussed with Brian Finch, a retired major and the film's military consultant, the possibility of salvaging the sunken ship or repatriating the remains of the POWs.

"The British tradition is that if you die there, you are buried there as in a war grave," he explained. "I argued this is not a war grave; this is a prison. These are imprisoned souls, not killed in combat but massacred. Should we free the souls that had been imprisoned?"

Fang Li (right) poses with Lin Agen (center), a fisherman who helped rescue British prisoners of war. [Image courtesy of Laurel Films]

Fang's next documentary project likely involves MH370, the Malaysia Airlines flight that vanished in 2014, becoming one of aviation's biggest mysteries. The fate of the plane as well as its 239 passengers and crew, mostly Chinese, remains unknown. Malaysia said earlier this year it may renew the search.

The director revealed that the project has been under consideration for years and that he's actively seeking funds, assistance, resources and collaborators.

People hold flowers at an event marking the 10th anniversary of the disappearance of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 in Subang Jaya, Selangor state, Malaysia, March 3, 2024. [Photo/Xinhua]

Fang was previously known for finding the black box of a passenger plane that crashed off Dalian, a port city in northeastern China, in 2002 using a sonar beacon locator. "Life is about curiosity and exploration," he said. "I look forward to uncovering more truths and sharing them with the world."

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