Contents
Executive Summary 5
Acknowledgements 8
1 Introducing Diplomacy in the Digital Age 9
Questions with few instant answers 9
Integrative diplomacy and networking 10
Hybridity and the integration of 'online' and 'offline' 11
The structure of this report 12
2 Contexts: Defining the Digital Age 14
Learning from history 15
Big data 16
Government and the 'wired society' 17
Conclusion 18
3 Offline and Online Perspectives 19
Trust and communication 19
Digital diplomacy categories 21
Digital disruption and diplomacy 23
Diplomats' comments on digital diplomacy 24
Conclusion 26
4 The Changing DNA of Diplomacy 27
Diplomatic processes in the digital age 27
Foreign policy arenas and ICT 30
Public diplomacy 30
Managing knowledge 34
Policy management and negotiation 35
Diplomatic structures in the digital age 43
Digitalization, the national diplomatic system and the MFA 44
Digitalization and the MFA subsystem 46
The MFA as node and digitalization 47
The relationship between foreign ministries and embassies 47
Digitalization and foreign policy organization 49
Conclusion 51
5 Conclusion 53
References 57
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