1. Eat smaller and more frequent meals. Have liquid foods that are easy to swallow and digest 6-7 times a day. A liquid diet can include eggs, soy products, dairy products, fruit or vegetable juice and rice cereals. Increase premium protein intake.
2. Have semi-liquid foods that are easy to chew and digest when the disease is in remission. Gradually transition to a normal diet as the health condition improves.
3. Take enteral nutrition formulas under the guidance of a doctor or clinical nutritionist in case foods fail to meet the nutritional requirements.
4. The gravely ill patients who cannot take in food through mouths can be provided with a nasogastric (NG) tube or a nasojejunal (NJ) tube, with nutrition solutions pumped by gravity drips or enteral feeding pumps.
5. Patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction can use parenteral nutrition to meet basic nutritional requirements when food intake and enteral nutrition are insufficient or impossible.
6. Take into consideration one’s body condition, including intakes and outputs, renal and liver function and glucose and lipid metabolism when developing nutrition care plans.
1. 少量多餐，每日6-7次利于吞咽和消化的流质食物，以蛋、大豆及其制品、奶及其制品、果汁、蔬菜汁、米粉等食材为主，注意补充足量优质蛋白质。
2. 病情逐渐缓解过程中，可摄入半流质状态、易于咀嚼和消化的食物，随病情好转逐步向普通膳食过渡。
3.如食物未能达到营养需求，可在医生或者临床营养师指导下，正确使用肠内营养制剂。
4. 对于危重症型患者无法正常经口进食，可放置鼻胃管或鼻空肠管，应用重力滴注或肠内营养输入泵泵入营养液。
5. 在食物和肠内营养不足或者不能的情况下，对于严重胃肠道功能障碍的患者，需采用肠外营养以保持基本营养需求。
6. 患者营养方案应该根据机体总体情况、出入量、肝肾功能以及糖脂代谢情况而制定。
