中国钓鱼岛岂容他人肆意“买卖”（全文）
Diaoyu Islands cannot be bought

: 0 Comment(s)打印 E-mail China.org.cn　2012-09-14

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（三）中外地图证明钓鱼岛历史上属于中国	3) Chinese and foreign maps prove that Diaoyu Islands belong to China since ancient times.
1579年（明万历七年）中国册封使萧崇业所著《使琉球录》中的“琉球过海图”、1863年（清同治二年）的“大清壹统舆图”等，都明确载有钓鱼屿、黄尾屿、赤尾屿。	The Roadmap to Ryukyu (Liu Qiu Guo Hai Lu) in the Records of the Imperial Title-conferring Envoys to Ryukyu, complied by imperial title-conferring envoy Xiao Chongye in 1579 (the seventh year of the reign of Emperor Wanli in the Ming Dynasty) and the Atlas of the Great Qing Dynasty (Da Qing Yi Tong Yu Tu) compiled in 1863 (the second year of the reign of Emperor Tongzhi of the Qing Dynasty) have all clearly marked and recorded Diaoyu Islet, Huangwei Islet and Chiwei Islet.
日本最早记载钓鱼岛的当属日本仙台学者林子平于1785年所著《三国通览图说》的“琉球三省并三十六岛之图”，图中标绘了钓鱼岛等岛屿，并将其与中国大陆绘成一色，意指钓鱼岛为中国一部分。1876年日本陆军参谋局绘制的《大日本全图》、1873年日本出版的《琉球新志》所附《琉球诸岛全图》、1875年出版的《府县改正大日本全图》、1877年出版的《冲绳志》中有关冲绳的地图等，均不含钓鱼岛。	The book Illustrated Outline of the Three Countries (San Guo Tong Lan Tu Shuo) written by the Sendai scholar Hayashi Shihei in 1785 was the earliest Japanese literature to mention Diaoyu Islands. The Map of the Three Provinces and 36 Islands of Ryukyu (Liu Qiu San Sheng Bing San Shi Liu Islands Zhi Tu) in the book depicted Diaoyu Islands in the same color as the mainland of China, indicating that Diaoyu Islands were part of China. A Map of Great Japan, drawn up in 1876 by Japan's General Staff Office of the Ministry of Army, a Complete Map of the Ryukyu Islands attached to New Annals of Ryukyu published in Japan in 1873, a Map of Great Japan with Rectified Prefectures published in 1875, and a map of Okinawa published in the Annals of Okinawa in 1877 all excluded Diaoyu Islands.
1744年来华的法国人、耶稣会士蒋友仁受清政府委托，于1767年绘制出《坤舆全图》。该图在中国沿海部分，用闽南话发音注明了钓鱼岛。1811年英国出版的《最新中国地图》明确钓鱼岛为中国领土。1877年，英国海军编制的《中国东海沿海自香港至辽东湾海图》，将钓鱼岛看作台湾的附属岛屿，与日本西南诸岛截然区分开。该图在其后的国际交往中被广泛应用。	Michel Benoît, a French Jesuit who arrived in China in 1744, was commissioned by the Qing court to create the Great Universal Geographic Map (Kun Yu Quan Tu) in 1767, which labeled Diaoyu Islands in the coastal waters of China with the words of Minnan dialect (Ban Lam Gu). A New Map of China from the Latest Authorities, published in Britain in 1811, marked Diaoyu Islands as Chinese territory. A Map of China's East Coast: Hong Kong to Gulf of LiaoTung, compiled by the British Navy in 1877, identified Diaoyu Islands as affiliated to Taiwan and clearly separated them from Japan's Nansei Islands. This map was later widely referred to in international exchanges.
由此可见，中国至迟在十五世纪初就已发现钓鱼岛，并将其作为台湾的附属岛屿进行管辖。包括日本在内的国际社会对这一事实是承认的。这说明钓鱼岛绝非“无主地”，日方所谓依据“先占”原则取得钓鱼岛“主权”的说辞纯属欲盖弥彰的历史谎言，不值一驳。	Thus it can be seen that China, by the early 1400s at the latest, had discovered Diaoyu Islands and placed them under its jurisdiction as affiliated to Taiwan. The international community, including Japan, had recognized the fact. This shows that Diaoyu Islands were by no means terra nullius. Japan's claim to "sovereignty" over Diaoyu Islands on the ground of the "occupation" principle is nothing but a historical lie and will only serve to expose its motive.
二、日本窃取中国钓鱼岛非法无效	2. Japan's occupation of Diaoyu Islands is illegal and invalid.
（一）日本染指钓鱼岛始于十九世纪末	1) Japan started to encroach on Diaoyu Islands in the late 19th century.
1879年日本吞并琉球后，立即把扩张的触角伸向中国的钓鱼岛。1884年日本人古贺辰四郎声称首次登上钓鱼岛，发现该岛为“无人岛”。1885年9月至11月，日本政府曾三次派人秘密上岛调查，认为这些“无人岛”与《中山传信录》记载的钓鱼台、黄尾屿、赤尾屿等应属同一岛屿，已为清国册封使船所悉，且各附以名称，作为琉球航海之目标。	Immediately after seizing Ryukyu in 1879, Japan began to extend its reach to China's Diaoyu Islands. Tatsushiro Koga, a Japanese explorer, landed on Diaoyu Islands in 1884, claiming that they were terra nullius. Between September and November 1885, the Japanese government secretly dispatched three facts-finding missions to the islands which concluded that, these "terra nullius" islands were, in fact, the same Diaoyu Tai, Huangwei Islet and Chiwei Islet that were recorded in the Records of Messages from Chong-shan and well known to imperial title-conferring envoys of the Qing court on their voyages to Ryukyu.
1885年至1893年，冲绳县当局先后三次上书日本政府，申请将钓鱼岛、黄尾屿、赤尾屿划归冲绳县管辖并建立国家标桩。当时中国国内对日本的上述举动作出了反应。1885年9月6日（清光绪十一年七月二十八日）中国《申报》指出：“台湾东北边之海岛，近有日本人悬日旗于其上，大有占据之势”。日本政府对此不得不有所顾忌。日本外务大臣井上馨在致内务大臣山县有朋的信函中认为，“此刻若有公然建立国标等举措，必遭清国疑忌，故当前宜仅限于实地调查及详细报告其港湾形状、有无可待日后开发之土地物产等，而建国标及着手开发等，可待他日见机而作。”因此日本政府当时未批准冲绳县当局上述申请。这些事实在《日本外交文书》中均有明确记载。这说明，当时日本政府虽然开始觊觎钓鱼岛，但完全清楚这些岛屿属于中国，因顾忌中国的反应，不敢轻举妄动。	Between 1885 and 1893, the then authorities in Okinawa Prefecture three times submitted a written request to the Japanese government that Diaoyu Islands, Huangwei Islet and Chiwei Islet be put under its jurisdiction and boundary markers erected. China reacted to this. On September 6, 1885 (July 28 in the 11th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), the Chinese newspaper Shen-pao (Shanghai News) reported: "Recently, Japanese flags have been seen on the islands northeast to Taiwan, revealing Japan's intention to occupy these islands." China's reaction made the Japanese government think twice before taking any further action. The then Japanese Foreign Minister Inoue Kaoru expressed his concern in his letter to Yamagata Aritomo, the Japanese Minister of Internal Affairs, "At present, any open moves such as placing boundary markers are bound to alert the Qing imperial court. Therefore, it is advisable not to go beyond field surveys and detailed reports on the shapes of the bays, land and other resources for future development. In the meantime, we will wait for a better time to engage in such activities as putting up boundary markers and embarking on development on the islands." In light of this, the Japanese government rejected the requests from Okinawa Prefecture. These facts have all been clearly recorded in Japan Diplomatic Documents. All this shows that Japan intended to occupy Diaoyu Islands, knew full well China's sovereignty over the islands, and refrained from acting impetuously only for fear of reaction from China.
（二）日本利用甲午战争非法窃取钓鱼岛	2) Japan illegally grabbed Diaoyu Islands through the First Sino-Japanese War.
1894年7月，日本发动甲午战争。同年11月底，日本军队占领中国旅顺口，清政府败局已定。在此背景下，同年12月27日日本内务大臣野村靖致函外务大臣陆奥宗光称：关于“久场岛（即黄尾屿）、鱼钓岛（即钓鱼岛）建立所辖标桩事宜”，“今昔形势已殊，有望提交内阁会议重议此事如附件，特先与您商议”。1895年1月11日，陆奥宗光回函表示支持。1月14日，日本内阁秘密通过决议，将钓鱼岛等岛屿划归冲绳县所辖。实际上，当时日本政府既未在钓鱼岛等岛屿上建立任何国家标桩，也未在日本天皇关于冲绳地理范围的敕令中载明钓鱼岛等岛屿。同年4月17日，中国被迫与日本签订不平等的《马关条约》，将台湾全岛及所有附属各岛屿割让给日本，包括钓鱼岛。日本从此时起至1945年战败投降，对包括钓鱼岛在内的台湾实行了50年殖民统治。	Japan started the first Sino-Japanese War in July 1894. Towards the end of November 1894, Japanese forces seized the Chinese port of Lüshun (then known as Port Arthur), virtually ensuring the defeat of the Qing court. Against this backdrop, the Japanese Minister of Internal Affairs Yasushi Nomura wrote to Foreign Minister Mutsu Munemitsu on December 27 that "I am writing to discuss with you about setting up boundary markers in Kuba-jima (Huangwei Islet) and Uotsuri-jima (Diaoyu Islands)". "The circumstances have now changed and it is possible to submit this issue to the cabinet for a reconsideration." Mutsu Munemitsu expressed his support for the proposal in his reply to Yasushi Nomura on January 11, 1895. The Japanese government secretly passed a resolution on January 14 to place Diaoyu Islands under the jurisdiction of Okinawa Prefecture. But in fact, at the time, the Japanese government neither erected any boundary markers on Diaoyu Islands, nor did it include in the Japanese Emperor's decree on the geographical scope of Okinawa Prefecture. On April 17 the same year, China was forced to sign the unequal Treaty of Shimonoseki with Japan, under which the entire island of Taiwan, together with all its affiliated islands, including Diaoyu Islands, were ceded to Japan. Thereafter, Japan imposed colonial rule over Taiwan and its affiliated Diaoyu Islands for 50 years from the signing of the unequal treaty until Japan's surrender at the end of World War II.
（三）第二次世界大战后钓鱼岛回归中国	3) Diaoyu Islands were returned to China after World War II.
1943年12月1日，中、美、英三国发布《开罗宣言》，明确规定：“日本所窃取于中国之领土，例如东北四省、台湾、澎湖群岛等，归还中华民国。其他日本以武力或贪欲所攫取之土地，亦务将日本驱逐出境”。1945年7月，中、美、英发布《波茨坦公告》（同年8月苏联加入），其第八条规定：“《开罗宣言》之条件必将实施，而日本之主权必将限于本州、北海道、九州、四国及吾人所决定之其他小岛。”1945年8月15日，日本政府宣布接受《波茨坦公告》，无条件投降。9月2日，日本政府在《日本投降书》第一条及第六条中均宣示“承担忠诚履行《波茨坦公告》各项规定之义务”。据此，钓鱼岛作为台湾的附属岛屿与台湾一并归还中国。	On December 1, 1943, China, the US and the UK issued the Cairo Declaration, which stated in explicit terms that "all the territories Japan has stolen from the Chinese, such as Manchuria, Formosa (Taiwan) and the Pescadores, shall be restored to the Republic of China. Japan will also be expelled from all other territories which she has taken by violence and greed." In July 1945, China, the US and the UK issued the Potsdam Proclamation (The Soviet Union signed the Proclamation in August that year) which stated in Article 8: "The terms of the Cairo Declaration shall be carried out and Japanese sovereignty shall be limited to the islands of Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku and such minor islands as we determine." On August 15, 1945, Japan accepted the Potsdam Proclamation and surrendered unconditionally. On September 2, the Japanese government pledged to faithfully fulfill the obligations enshrined in the provisions of the Potsdam Proclamation in Articles 1 and 6 of the Japanese Instrument of Surrender. These documents all testify to the fact that Taiwan and its affiliated Diaoyu Islands should be simultaneously returned to China.