《中国的能源政策（2012）》白皮书
White Paper: China's Energy Policy 2012
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| 八、深化能源体制改革 | VIII. Deepening Institutional Reform in the Energy Sector |
| 改革是加快转变发展方式的强大动力。中国将坚定地推进能源领域改革，加强顶层设计和总体规划，加快构建有利于能源科学发展的体制机制，改善能源发展环境，推进能源生产和利用方式变革，保障国家能源安全。 | Reform constitutes a strong dynamic force in accelerating the transformation of the development mode. China will resolutely implement reform in the energy sector, strengthen top design and overall planning, accelerate the pace of building a system and mechanism for the scientific development of the energy industry, ameliorate the environment for energy development, bring about a revolution in energy production and utilization, and safeguard China's energy security. |
| ——加快能源法制建设。完善能源法律制度，为规范能源市场、保护生态环境、维护能源安全提供法律保障。中国高度重视并继续积极推进能源法律制度建设，目前正在研究论证制定能源法以及石油储备、海洋石油天然气管道保护、核电管理等方面的行政法规，修改完善《煤炭法》、《电力法》等现行法律法规，推进石油天然气、原子能等领域的立法工作。 | -- Accelerating building of legal regime for the energy sector. China will improve its energy-related legal regime to regulate the energy market, protect the ecological environment and guarantee energy security. China attaches great importance to energy legislation and will press on with the improvement of the legal system related to the energy sector. Now, work has been going on an energy law, as well as a series of administrative regulations on oil reserves, protection of submarine oil and natural gas pipelines, and nuclear power station management. It has amended the Coal Industry Law, the Electric Power Law and other laws, and has been making efforts to promote the enactment of laws concerning oil, natural gas and nuclear energy. |
| ——完善市场体制机制。中国积极推进能源市场化改革，充分发挥市场配置资源的基础性作用。凡是列入国家能源规划的项目，除法律法规明确禁止的以外，均向民间资本开放。鼓励民间资本参与能源资源勘探开发、石油和天然气管网建设、电力建设，鼓励民间资本发展煤炭加工转化和炼油产业，继续支持民间资本全面进入新能源和可再生能源产业。加强和规范煤炭勘探开发权管理，逐步取消重点合同煤和市场煤价格双轨制，完善煤炭与煤层气协调发展机制。深化电力体制改革，稳步开展输配分开试点。积极推进电价改革，逐步形成发电和售电价格由市场决定、输配电价由政府制定的价格机制。理顺煤电价格关系。探索建立可再生能源配额交易等制度。成功实施成品油价税费联动改革，运用税收手段合理引导能源消费。不断完善理顺成品油价格形成机制，开展天然气价格形成机制改革试点。完善能源市场体系，发展现货、长期合约、期货等交易形式。 | -- Improving the market mechanism. China is actively promoting market-oriented reform in the energy sector by giving full play to the fundamental role of the market in the allocation of resources. All projects listed in the national energy program, unless forbidden by laws or regulations, are open to private capital. The Chinese government encourages private capital to participate in the exploration and development of energy resources, oil and natural gas pipeline network construction and the electric power industry, encourages the involvement of private capital in coal processing and oil refining, and supports the entry of private capital into the new energy and renewable energy fields. The Chinese government will intensify and regulate the administration of coal exploration and development rights, gradually eliminate the double-track price system for contracted coal supply and market coal supply, and create a mechanism to balance the development of coal and coal-bed gas. The government will press on with institutional reform in the power sector and steadily carry out trials to separate power transmission from power distribution. Proactive efforts will be made in the pricing mechanism of electricity to gradually let the market decide the prices of electricity generated and marketed, while the prices of transmission and distribution are to be decided by the government. The state will regulate the prices of coal for electricity generation and prices of electricity marketed, and explore ways to set up a renewable energy trading mechanism. It has successfully implemented the price, tax and fee reform of refined oil products and guides the public's rational energy consumption through tax means. It will continuously rationalize the refined oil price and form a pricing mechanism, and start the experimental reform of natural gas pricing mechanism. It will improve the market system for energy and develop more forms of trade, including spot trade, long-term contracts and futures trade. |
| ——加强能源行业管理。提高能源资源开发利用效率，促进能源行业科学发展，维护国家能源安全，必须加强能源行业管理。重视能源发展的战略谋划和宏观调控，综合运用规划、政策、标准等手段实施行业管理。减少政府对微观事务的干预，简化行政审批事项。加强对垄断行为和不正当竞争行为的监管，建立公开、公平、科学、有效的监管体系。加强能源统计预测管理，健全能源统计、监测和预测预警体系。 | -- Tightening administration of the energy sector. In order to increase the efficiency of energy development and utilization, promote the scientific development of the energy sector and safeguard the country's energy security, China is determined to strengthen administration in the energy sector. It takes strategic planning and macro-control for energy development, and carries out industry regulation by making use of plans, policies and standards. The Chinese government will reduce its intervention in specific matters and simplify administrative examination and approval, while intensify supervision over monopoly and unfair competition by establishing an open, fair, scientific and effective supervision mechanism. It will strengthen statistics collection and forecasts related to the energy sector, and establish a comprehensive system covering statistics, monitoring, forecasting and early warning in this regard. |
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