《中国的能源政策（2012）》白皮书
White Paper: China's Energy Policy 2012
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调整字号大小: 
| 九、加强能源国际合作 | IX. Strengthening International Cooperation in Energy |
| 中国的发展离不开世界，世界的繁荣需要中国。随着全球化的不断深入，中国在能源发展方面与世界联系日益紧密。中国的能源发展，不仅保障了本国经济社会发展，也为维护世界能源安全和保持全球市场稳定作出了贡献。 | China's development cannot be achieved without cooperation with the rest of the world, and the prosperity of the world has need of China as well. With accelerating economic globalization, China has forged increasingly closer ties with the rest of the world in the field of energy. China's development of energy has not only satisfied its own needs for economic and social progress, but also made great contributions to world energy security and global market stability. |
| 中国是国际能源合作中负责任的积极参与者。在双边合作方面，中国与美国、欧盟、日本、俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦、土库曼斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦、巴西、阿根廷、委内瑞拉等国家和地区建立了能源对话与合作机制，在油气、煤炭、电力、可再生能源、科技装备和能源政策等领域加强对话、交流与合作。在多边合作方面，中国是亚太经济合作组织能源工作组、二十国集团、上海合作组织、世界能源理事会、国际能源论坛等组织和机制的正式成员或重要参与方，是能源宪章的观察员国，与国际能源署、石油输出国组织等机构保持着密切联系。在国际能源合作中，中国既承担着广泛的国际义务，也发挥着积极的建设性作用。 | China is an active and responsible participant in international energy cooperation, and it has established bilateral dialogue and cooperative mechanisms in the field of energy with the US, the EU, Japan, Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela and many other countries and regions, and has strengthened dialogues, exchanges and cooperation with these countries regarding oil, natural gas, coal, electric power, renewable energy, technology, equipment and energy policy. China is also a member of or important participant in many multilateral organizations and mechanisms, including the energy working group of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Organization, Group of 20, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, World Energy Council and International Energy Forum. It is an observer of the Energy Charter, and maintains close relations with such international organizations as the World Energy Agency and the Organization of Petroleum-Exporting Countries. In international energy cooperation, China assumes a wide range of obligations and plays an active and constructive role. |
| 中国在能源领域坚持对外开放，不断优化外商投资环境，保障投资者合法权益。中国先后出台了《中外合资经营企业法》、《中外合作经营企业法》、《外资企业法》等法律法规，以及《外商投资产业指导目录》、《中西部地区外商投资优势产业目录》等政策文件。中国鼓励外商以合作的方式，进行石油天然气勘探开发，开展页岩气、煤层气等非常规油气资源勘探开发。鼓励投资建设新能源电站、以发电为主的水电站和采用洁净燃烧技术的电站，以及中方控股的核电站。鼓励跨国能源公司在华设立研发中心。 | China upholds a policy of opening to the rest of the world in the field of energy. To provide a favorable environment for foreign investment and protect the legitimate rights and interests of investors, it has promulgated a series of laws and regulations in succession, like the Law on Sino-foreign Equity Joint Ventures, Law on Sino-foreign Cooperative Joint Ventures and Law on Foreign Investment Enterprises, and framed such policy documents as the Catalogue of Industries for Guiding Foreign Investment and the Catalogue of Advantageous Industries for Foreign Investment in the Central and Western Regions. The Chinese government encourages foreign investment to engage in the exploration and development of oil, natural gas and unconventional oil and gas resources, such as shale gas and coal-bed gas, by way of cooperation; invites foreign investment in the building of new-energy power stations, hydroelectric power stations, clean-combustion power stations, and nuclear power stations as long as the Chinese partners have control; and supports multinational energy corporations to set up R&D centers in China. |
| 中国能源企业遵循平等互惠、互利双赢的原则，积极参与国际能源合作，参与境外能源基础设施建设，发展能源工程技术服务合作。中国企业对外投资合作开发的能源资源，90%以上都在当地销售，增加了全球能源市场供应，促进了供应渠道的多元化。中国能源企业在对外投资合作时，遵守当地法律法规，尊重当地宗教信仰和风俗习惯，在实现自我发展的同时，积极为当地经济社会发展作出贡献。 | Following the principle of equality, mutual benefits and reciprocity, Chinese energy enterprises are actively involved in international energy cooperation, participating in overseas energy infrastructure projects and expanding cooperation in energy engineering and services. Ninety percent of Chinese enterprise-invested energy resources abroad are sold locally, thus increasing and diversifying supplies in the global energy market. When investing in foreign countries, Chinese energy enterprises abide by local laws and regulations, and respect the religious beliefs and customs of the local people. They actively make contributions to local economic and social development while achieving self-growth. |
| 在今后相当长一段时间内，国际能源贸易仍将是中国利用国外能源的主要方式。中国将按照世界贸易组织规则，完善公平贸易政策，开展能源进出口贸易，优化贸易结构。综合运用期货贸易、长协贸易、转口贸易、易货贸易等方式，推进贸易方式多元化。积极参与全球能源治理，加强与世界各国的沟通与合作，共同应对国际货币体系、过度投机、垄断经营等因素对能源市场的影响，维护国际能源市场及价格的稳定。 | For a fairly long time to come, international energy trade will remain the major way by which China utilizes foreign energy sources. China will improve policies for fair trade and optimize the trade structure, and conduct energy imports and exports in accordance with the WTO rules. It will diversify the modes of trade and comprehensively use such methods as futures trade, long-term agreements, entrepot and barter trade. China will actively participate in global energy management. It will intensify exchanges and cooperation with other countries, addressing together the impact of the international monetary system, excessive speculation and energy market monopoly, thereby maintaining the stability of international energy market and energy price. |
| 能源问题关系国计民生，关系人类福祉。为了减少能源资源问题带来的纷争和不平等，实现世界经济平稳有序发展，推动经济全球化向着均衡、普惠、共赢的方向发展，需要国际社会树立互利合作、多元发展、协同保障的新能源安全观。为了共同维护全球能源安全，中国主张，国际社会应着重在以下三个方面作出努力： | Energy is of vital importance to economic development and people's well-being. In order to reduce conflicts and inequality brought about over access to energy resources, achieve a stable growth of the world economy and make the economic globalization lead to a balanced, universally beneficial and win-win development, the international community should foster a new energy security concept featuring mutually beneficial cooperation, diversified development and common energy security through coordination. To jointly ensure global energy security, the Chinese government calls for international efforts in the following three aspects: |
| ——加强对话与交流。加强能源出口国、消费国和中转国之间的对话和交流，是开展能源国际合作的基础。国际社会应进一步密切双多边关系，加强在提高能效、节能环保、能源管理、能源政策等方面的对话交流，完善国际能源市场监测和应急机制，深化在信息交流、人员培训、协调行动等方面的合作。 | -- Strengthening dialogues and exchanges. Strengthening dialogue and communication among energy exporting, consuming and transiting countries is the foundation of international energy cooperation. The international community should further cement its bilateral and multilateral ties; increase dialogues and exchanges in the fields of efficient use of energy, energy conservation, environmental protection, energy management and energy policy; promote monitoring and emergency response mechanisms for the global energy market; and deepen the cooperation in the fields of information exchanges, personnel training and coordination. |
| ——开展能源务实合作。各国应秉持互利共赢、共同发展的原则，开展国际能源资源勘探开发互利合作，丰富和完善合作机制与手段，增加全球能源供应，促进供应渠道的多元化。共同稳定大宗能源产品价格，保障各国用能需求，维护能源市场正常秩序。发达国家应从人类可持续发展的高度，在保护知识产权的前提下，积极向发展中国家和不发达国家提供、转移清洁高效能源技术，共同推动全球绿色发展。国际社会应携手努力，帮助最不发达国家消除能源贫困，扩大能源服务，促进可持续发展。 | -- Carrying out effective energy cooperation. Upholding the principles of reciprocity, mutual benefit and common development, the various countries should ensure mutually beneficial cooperation in international energy resources exploration, enrich and improve cooperative mechanisms and methods, increase the international energy supply, and diversify supply channels. They should work together to stabilize the prices of bulk energy commodities, secure the energy needs of various countries, and maintain the normal order of the energy market. For the sake of sustainable development, the developed countries should actively provide and transfer clean and highly efficient energy technology to developing and underdeveloped countries and together promote green development globally on the condition that intellectual property rights are protected. The international community should strive hand in hand to help the least-developed countries to eliminate energy poverty, increase energy services and promote sustainable development. |
| ——共同维护世界能源安全。公平合理的国际能源治理机制是维护世界能源市场稳定的重要条件。各国应加强合作，共同维护能源生产国和输送国，特别是中东等产油国地区的局势稳定，确保国际能源通道安全和畅通，减少地缘政治纷争对全球能源供应的干扰。通过对话与协商的方式，解决重大国际能源问题，不应把能源问题政治化，避免动辄诉诸武力，甚至引发对抗。 | -- Working together to maintain energy security. A fair and rational international energy management mechanism is a prerequisite for a stable global energy market. The international community should work collaboratively to maintain stability in oil producing and exporting countries, especially those in the Middle East, to ensure the security of international energy transport routes and avoid geopolitical conflicts that affect the world's energy supply. The various countries involved should settle major international energy disputes through dialogue and consultation. Energy issues should not be politicized, and the use of force and armed confrontation should be avoided. |
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