《中国的能源政策（2012）》白皮书
White Paper: China's Energy Policy 2012

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三、全面推进能源节约	III. All-round Promotion of Energy Conservation
中国人口众多、资源相对不足，要实现能源资源永续利用和经济社会可持续发展，必须走节约能源的道路。	China is a country with a large population but relevant deficiency in resources. To attain sustainable use of energy resources and sustainable economic and social development, it must take the path of conserving energy.
中国始终把节约能源放在优先位置。早在20世纪80年代初，国家就提出了“开发与节约并举，把节约放在首位”的发展方针。2006年，中国政府发布《关于加强节能工作的决定》。2007年，发布《节能减排综合性工作方案》，全面部署了工业、建筑、交通等重点领域节能工作。实施“十大节能工程”，推动燃煤工业锅炉(窑炉)改造、余热余压利用、电机系统节能、建筑节能、绿色照明、政府机构节能，形成3.4亿吨标准煤的节能能力。开展“千家企业节能行动”，重点企业生产综合能耗等指标大幅下降，节约能源1.5亿吨标准煤。“十一五”期间，单位国内生产总值能耗下降19.1%。	China always puts energy conservation in the first place. In the early 1980s, it put forward the development policy of "stressing both development and saving, with priority given to saving." The Chinese government issued the Decision of the State Council on Strengthening Energy Conservation in 2006. It issued the Comprehensive Work Plan on Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction in 2007, making an all-round plan for the major sectors of energy consumption, such as industry, construction and transportation. China carried out ten key energy-conservation projects, including the innovation of coal-fueled industrial boilers (kilns), surplus heat and pressure utilization, energy saving in electrical motors, construction of energy-saving buildings, the green lighting project, and energy saving in government bodies, thus increasing its energy-conservation capacity to 340 million tons of standard coal. The Chinese government launched an energy conservation drive among 1,000 enterprises, resulting in a sharp decline in the comprehensive energy consumption index of key industries, and saving energy equivalent to 150 million tons of standard coal. China's energy consumption per unit of GDP dropped 19.1 percent during its 11th Five-Year Plan period (2006-2010).
2011年，中国发布了《“十二五”节能减排综合性工作方案》，提出“十二五”期间节能减排的主要目标和重点工作，把降低能源强度、减少主要污染物排放总量、合理控制能源消费总量工作有机结合起来，形成“倒逼机制”，推动经济结构战略性调整，优化产业结构和布局，强化工业、建筑、交通运输、公共机构以及城乡建设和消费领域用能管理，全面建设资源节约型和环境友好型社会。	In 2011, the State Council released the Comprehensive Work Plan on Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction During the 12th Five-Year Plan Period. This plan proposed the major objectives and key actions in the fields of energy conservation and emission reduction during this period. China aims to establish a "reverse coercion mechanism" through the dynamic integration of its efforts in lowering the intensity of energy consumption, reducing the total emissions of major pollutants, and rationally controlling total energy consumption. The "reverse coercion mechanism" helps promote the strategic restructuring of the economy, push forward the optimization of the industrial structure, and strengthen all aspects of energy utilization management in industry, construction, transportation, and public organizations, as well as in the fields of urban and rural construction and consumption, thus contributing to the building of a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society.
——优化产业结构。中国坚持把调整产业结构作为节约能源的战略重点。严格控制低水平重复建设，加速淘汰高耗能、高排放落后产能。加快运用先进适用技术改造提升传统产业。提高加工贸易准入门槛，促进加工贸易转型升级。改善外贸结构，推动外贸发展从能源和劳动力密集型向资金和技术密集型转变。推动服务业大发展。培育发展战略性新兴产业，加快形成先导性、支柱性产业。	-- Optimization of the industrial structure. The country puts the adjustment of the industrial structure in the key place of its energy conservation strategy. It exercises strict control over low-level duplicated construction, and eliminates industries with high consumption and high pollutant emission, and backward productivity. China expedites the transformation of its traditional industries with advanced and applicable technology. It raises the entry threshold for processing trade, and promotes its transformation and upgrading. It improves the structure of foreign trade, and transforms its energy- and labor-intensive development mode into a capital- and technology-intensive one. It pushes forward the development of the service trades, fosters and develops emerging industries of strategic importance, and speeds up the formation of pioneer and pillar industries.
——加强工业节能。工业用能占到中国能源消费的70%以上，工业是节约能源的重点领域。国家制定钢铁、石化、有色、建材等重点行业节能减排先进适用技术目录，淘汰落后的工艺、装备和产品，发展节能型、高附加值的产品和装备。建立完善重点行业单位产品能耗限额强制性标准体系，强化节能评估审查制度。组织实施热电联产、工业副产煤气回收利用、企业能源管控中心建设、节能产业培育等重点节能工程，提升企业能源利用效率。	-- Strengthening energy conservation in industry. With its energy consumption taking up about 70 percent of China's total, industry is the major energy consumer in China. The state has drawn up catalog of advanced and applicable technologies in the fields of energy conservation and emission reduction for key industries such as iron and steel, petrochemicals, non-ferrous metals and building materials, for the purpose of eliminating backward technology, equipment and products, and developing energy-saving and high-value-added products and equipment. It has established and improved a mandatory standards system of quotas for energy consumption per-unit product in key industries, and strengthened the energy-saving evaluation and supervision system. It has undertaken key energy-saving projects, including simultaneous generation of heat and power, recycling of industrial by-product gas, construction of enterprise energy-control centers, and fostering of energy-saving industries, so as to increase its enterprises' energy utilization efficiency.
——实施建筑节能。国家大力发展绿色建筑，全面推进建筑节能。建立健全绿色建筑标准，推行绿色建筑评级与标识。推进既有建筑节能改造，实行公共建筑能耗限额和能效公示制度，建立建筑使用全寿命周期管理制度，严格建筑拆除管理。制定和实施公共机构节能规划，加强公共建筑节能监管体系建设。推进北方采暖地区既有建筑供热计量和节能改造，实施“节能暖房”工程，改造供热老旧管网，实行供热计量收费和能耗定额管理。	-- Promoting building energy conservation. China makes vigorous efforts to construct green buildings and comprehensively advance energy conservation in buildings. It sets and improves the standards for green buildings, and implements rating and identification of green buildings. It actively promotes energy-saving renovation of existing buildings, and sets quotas for energy consumption by public buildings and publicizes their energy efficiency rates. It has set up a management system for the life cycles of buildings, and exercises strict control over demolition of buildings. China has also made and implemented an energy-saving plan for public institutions, and strengthened the establishment of a supervisory system for energy conservation in public buildings. It carries forward heat metering and energy efficiency renovations on existing residential heating systems in the northern regions of China, builds energy-saving greenhouses, improves the old heat-supply network, and practices metered heat-supply charging and energy consumption quota management.
——推进交通节能。全面推行公交优先发展战略，积极推进城际轨道交通建设，合理引导绿色出行。实施世界先进水平的汽车燃料油耗量标准，推广应用节能环保型交通工具。加速淘汰老旧汽车、机车、船舶。优化交通运输结构，大力发展绿色物流。提高铁路电气化比重，开展机场、码头、车站节能改造。积极推进新能源汽车研发与应用，科学规划和建设加气、充电等配套设施。	-- Pushing forward energy conservation in transportation. China continues to give priority to public transport, actively develops intercity rail transportation, and rationally encourages green commuting. China implements the fuel economy standard of the world's advanced level for automobiles, and popularizes energy-saving and environment-friendly vehicles. It speeds up the elimination of old automobiles, locomotives and ships. Vigorous efforts are made to optimize the transportation structure and develop green logistics. China increases the electrification rate in rail transportation, and launches energy-saving renovations at airports, piers and railway stations. It actively develops and popularizes new energy vehicles, and makes scientific plans for the construction of supporting facilities, including compressed natural gas filling and electricity charging facilities.
——倡导全民节能。加大节能教育与宣传，鼓励引导城乡居民形成绿色消费模式和生活方式，增强全民节约意识。严格执行公共机构节能标准和规范，发挥政府机关示范带头作用。动员社会各界广泛参与，积极开展小区、学校、政府机关、军营和企业的节能行动，努力建立全社会节能的长效机制。推广农业和农村节能减排，推进节能型住宅建设。	-- Promoting energy conservation among all citizens. The Chinese government will intensify efforts in energy-saving education and publicity. It works hard to bring into being a green mode of consumption and green lifestyle among urban and rural residents, and strengthens the public awareness of the importance of resource conservation. It strictly enforces the energy-saving standards of public institutions, and gives full play to the demonstration and leading role of government organs in energy conservation. It mobilizes all sectors of society to participate in energy conservation by conducting relevant activities in residential areas, schools, government organs, the armed forces and enterprises. All these measures help build a long-term mechanism of energy conservation with the participation of all sectors of society. Attention is also paid to energy conservation and emission reduction in rural areas, such as the construction of energy-saving houses.