《中国的能源政策（2012）》白皮书
White Paper: China's Energy Policy 2012
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| 五、推动化石能源清洁发展 | V. Promoting Clean Development of Fossil Energy |
| 从世界范围看，今后相当长时期内，煤炭、石油等化石能源仍将是能源供应的主体，中国也不例外。中国统筹化石能源开发利用与环境保护，加快建设先进生产能力，淘汰落后产能，大力推动化石能源清洁发展，保护生态环境，应对气候变化，实现节能减排。 | Worldwide, fossil energy, including coal and oil, will continue to play a dominant role in energy supply for a long time to come. China is no exception. Therefore, China will continue to plan fossil exploitation and utilization, with environmental protection taken into account. It will speed up the construction of advanced production capacity, eliminate outdated capacity, push forward the clean development of fossil energy, protect the ecological environment and cope with climate change, so as to attain the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction. |
| ——安全高效开发煤炭。中国煤炭工业坚持科学布局、集约开发、安全生产、高效利用、保护环境的发展方针。按照控制东部、稳定中部、发展西部的原则，推进陕北、黄陇、神东等14个大型煤炭基地建设。实施煤炭资源整合和煤矿企业兼并重组，发展大型煤炭企业集团。优先建设大型现代化露天煤矿和特大型矿井。实施煤矿升级改造和淘汰落后产能，提高采煤机械化程度和安全生产水平。大力发展矿区循环经济，加大煤炭洗选比重，合理开发煤炭共伴生资源。按照能源密集、技术密集、资金密集、长产业链、高附加值的发展导向，有序建设煤炭深加工升级示范工程。鼓励建设低热值煤炭清洁利用和加工转化项目。加强煤炭矿区环境保护和生态建设，做好采煤沉陷区和影响区的生态综合治理、土地复垦等工作。 | -- Developing the coal industry in a safe and highly efficient way. China sticks to the guideline of "scientific overall arrangement, intensive development, safe production, efficient utilization and environmental protection" in the development of the coal industry. Following the principle of "enforcing control in the eastern regions, maintaining stability in the central regions, and promoting development in the western regions," it will push ahead with the building of 14 large coal-mining bases, including the Shaanbei, Huanglong and Shendong coalfields. By means of integration of coal resources, and merger and reorganization of coal mining enterprises, the country will bring into being large coal mining conglomerates. Priority will be given to the development of large open-pit and super-large coal mines. It aims to enhance overall mechanization and safe production in coal mining through upgrading and reconstruction, and elimination of outdated production capacity. Vigorous efforts will be made to develop a circular economy in the mining areas, increase the washing and dressing rate of raw coal, and rationally develop associated resources. Following the approach of energy, technology and capital-intensive development with extensive industrial chain and high added value, the country will develop demonstration projects of upgraded downstream products in an orderly way. It will encourage the construction of projects for clean production, utilization, processing and conversion of low-calorific-value coal. It will strengthen environmental protection and ecological construction in the mining areas by way of comprehensive ecological management and land reclamation in mining-subsidence and other areas affected by coal-mining operations. |
| ——清洁高效发展火电。中国坚持低碳、清洁、高效的原则，大力发展绿色火电。鼓励煤电一体化开发，稳步推进大型煤电基地建设。积极应用超临界、超超临界等先进发电技术，建设清洁高效燃煤机组和节能环保电厂。继续淘汰能耗高、污染重的小火电机组。严格控制燃煤电厂污染物排放，新建煤电机组同步安装除尘、脱硫、脱硝设施，加快既有电厂烟气除尘、脱硫、脱硝改造。鼓励在大中型城市和工业园区等热负荷集中的地区建设热电联产机组。在条件适宜的地区，合理建设燃气蒸汽联合循环调峰机组，积极推广天然气热电冷联供。严格控制在环渤海、长三角、珠三角地区新增除“上大压小”和热电联产之外的燃煤机组。加强火电厂节水技术的推广应用。开展整体煤气化联合循环发电，以及碳捕捉与利用封存等技术应用示范项目。 | -- Spurring clean and highly efficient development of thermal power. Upholding the principle of low-carbon, clean and efficient development, China actively promotes green thermal power generation. It encourages coal-electricity integration, and steadily pushes forward the construction of large coal-fired power bases. It vigorously applies advanced technologies, including supercritical and ultra-supercritical power generation, in the construction of clean, highly efficient and environment-friendly coal-fired power generating sets and energy-saving power plants. It speeds up the elimination of small thermal power units marked by high energy consumption and heavy pollution. In order to strictly control pollutant emissions from coal-fired power plants, newly built coal-fired power generating sets must install dust-removing, desulfurization and denitration facilities, and the existing plants are asked to speed up their dust removal, desulfurization and denitration upgrading. It encourages the construction of thermoelectricity co-generation units in large- and medium-sized cities and industrial parks where thermal loads are relatively concentrated. It constructs combined-cycle gas-steam peak-load units and promotes heat-electricity-cooling co-generation with natural gas as fuel in accordance with local conditions. It has imposed strict restrictions on the construction of new coal-fired power generating sets in the Bohai Rim, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta areas, except those built for the purpose of "constructing large units and restricting small ones" and co-generation. Intensified efforts have been made to spread water-saving technology in thermal power plants. It develops the integrated gasification combined cycle power generation, and demonstration projects of carbon capture, utilization and storage. |
| ——加大常规油气资源勘探开发力度。中国将继续实行油气并举的方针，稳定东部、加快西部、发展南方、开拓海域。推进原油增储稳产，稳步推进塔里木盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地等重点石油规模生产区勘探开发。加强老油田稳产改造，提高采收率。加快天然气发展，加大中西部地区主力气田产能建设，抓好主力气田增产，推进海上油气田勘探开发，逐步提高天然气在一次能源结构中的比重。优化炼油工业布局，建设若干大型炼化基地，形成环渤海、长三角、珠三角三大炼油集聚区，实现上下游一体化、炼油化工一体化、炼油储备一体化集约发展。 | -- Intensified efforts in prospecting and exploitation of conventional oil and gas resources. China will continue to implement the policy of "simultaneous development of oil and gas," with the target of stabilization in the east, acceleration in the west, development in the south and exploitation in the offshore areas. The country will steadily increase crude oil output and reserves by means of stepping up efforts in prospecting for and exploiting oil in major oil-production areas, including those in the Tarim and Ordos basins, and improving renovation for stable yields and increasing the recovery ratio in old oilfields. In its efforts to speed up the development of natural gas, the country will enhance the productivity and increase the output of natural gas in major gas fields in the central and western regions, push forward the development of offshore oil-gas fields, and gradually increase the proportion of natural gas in the primary energy structure. It will optimize the distribution of the refining industry, construct some large refining and chemical bases, and establish three major refining cluster areas in the Bohai Rim, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta, so as to realize upstream and downstream integration, refining and chemicals integration, and refining-reserve integrated management. |
| ——积极推进非常规油气资源开发利用。加快非常规油气资源勘探开发是增强中国能源供应保障能力的重要手段。中国将加快煤层气勘探开发，增加探明地质储量，推进沁水盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地东缘等煤层气产业化基地建设。加快页岩气勘探开发，优选一批页岩气远景区和有利目标区。加快攻克页岩气勘探开发核心技术，建立页岩气勘探开发新机制，落实产业鼓励政策，完善配套基础设施，实现到2015年全国产量达到65亿立方米的总体目标，为页岩气未来的快速发展奠定坚实的基础。加大页岩油、油砂等非常规油气资源勘探开发力度。 | -- Actively promoting the development and utilization of non-conventional oil and gas resources. China's efforts to expedite the development of non-conventional oil and gas resources are an important way to enhance its security of energy supply. It will speed up the exploration and exploitation of coal-bed gas, increase the proven geological reserves, and push forward the construction of industrial bases in the Qinshui Basin and eastern edge of the Ordos Basin. In order to accelerate the development of shale gas, the country will select a group of prospective areas and favorable exploration target areas, intensify efforts to solve difficulties in core technology, set up a new development mechanism, implement incentive polices for the shale gas industry, and improve supporting facilities. China aims to increase its annual output of shale gas to 6.5 billion cu m by 2015, and lay a solid foundation for the future rapid development of shale gas. In addition, it will strengthen the development of shale oil, oil sand and other non-conventional oil and gas resources. |
| ——加强能源储运设施建设。综合考虑目标市场，产业布局调整，煤电、风电、核电、天然气发电、抽水蓄能等电源点建设和进口能源，以及资源地的水和生态环境承载力等因素，统筹谋划能源输送通道建设。加快既有铁路干线扩能改造和新建铁路煤运通道建设，提高煤炭跨区运输能力，建设配套港口码头。进一步扩大西电东送、北电南送规模，完善区域主干电网，发展特高压等先进输电技术，提高电网资源优化配置能力。加强原油、成品油和天然气主干管网建设，提高油气管输比例，完善区域运输网络，建设沿海大型油气接卸站。严格落实石油天然气管道保护法律法规，确保油气管道安全运行。统筹资源储备和国家储备、商业储备，加强应急保障能力建设，完善原油、成品油、天然气和煤炭储备体系。提高天然气调峰能力。建立健全煤炭调峰储备。 | -- Enhancing the construction of energy storage and transportation facilities. When making a plan for the construction of energy output channels, China takes many factors into consideration, including target market, industrial restructuring, construction of plants that rely on coal, wind, nuclear energy, natural gas and pumped storage for electricity generation, imported energy resources, and bearing capacity of local water resources and the ecological environment. It will increase the cross-regional coal transport capacity through technological renovation of existing railway lines, construction of new coal-transport channels, and building of supporting piers. It will expand the scope of power transmission from western to eastern China and from northern to southern China, strengthen the building of regional power grids, improve the technology of ultra-high voltage transmission, and enhance the grids' ability to optimize resource allocation. The country will expedite the construction of networks of crude oil, product oil and natural gas pipelines, increase the proportion of oil and gas transported by pipelines, improve regional networks of oil and gas pipelines, and build large coastal loading and unloading stations. It will strictly enforce laws and regulations concerning the protection of oil and gas pipelines to ensure their safe operation. China will balance its resource reserves, both state reserves and commercial reserves, enhance its ability to extend emergency support, and improve the reserve system of crude oil, product oil, natural gas and coal. Efforts will also be made to enhance the peak-shaving ability of natural gas, and build and improve coal peak-shaving reserves. |
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