《中国的能源政策（2012）》白皮书
White Paper: China's Energy Policy 2012
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| 七、加快推进能源科技进步 | VII. Accelerating Progress of Energy Technology |
| 改革开放以来，中国能源科技水平有了显著提高，能源科技进步在促进节能减排、优化能源结构、保证能源安全方面发挥了重要作用。但与发达国家相比，中国能源科技水平仍存在较大差距，自主创新的基础比较薄弱，核心和关键技术落后于世界先进水平，一些关键技术和装备依赖于国外引进。中国将更加重视科技创新，加快建设和完善适合中国特点的、产学研一体化的能源科技创新体系。2011年，中国发布《国家能源科技“十二五”规划》。这一首部能源科技专项规划，确定了勘探与开采、加工与转化、发电与输配电、新能源等四大重点技术领域，全面部署建设“重大技术研究、重大技术装备、重大示范工程及技术创新平台”四位一体的国家能源科技创新体系。 | China's energy technology has developed rapidly since the country launched the reform and opening-up program in late 1978, and has played an increasingly significant role in energy conservation, emission reduction, energy structure optimization and energy security. However, China still lags behind the developed countries in this field, particularly marked by its flimsy basis for independent innovation, backwardness in core technology, and dependence on imports for some key technologies and equipment. Therefore, the Chinese government will attach more importance to technological innovation. It will establish and complete at full speed an energy technology innovation system that suits China's reality, and combines efforts of enterprises, colleges and research institutes. The National Energy Technology Program During the 12th Five-Year Plan Period, issued in 2011 as China's first scheme to improve its energy technology, has outlined the four key aspects of China's energy technology, namely, exploration and exploitation; processing and conversion; power generation, transmission and distribution; and new energy. The program also contains an overall plan to build a national energy technology innovation system that integrates research into key technology, manufacturing of key equipment, key demonstration projects and a technological innovation platform. |
| ——加强能源科学技术研发。在地质、材料、环境、能源动力和信息与控制等基础科学领域，超前部署一批对能源发展具有战略先导性作用的前沿技术攻关项目，争取在能源基础科学研究领域取得突破。依托行业骨干企业和科研院所，以应用为导向，鼓励开展煤矿高效集约开采、非常规油气资源勘探开发、高效清洁发电、海上风电、太阳能热发电、先进油气储运、大容量高效率远距离输电等先进适用技术研发应用。继续实施“大型油气田及煤层气开发”、“大型先进压水堆及高温气冷堆核电站”两个国家科技重大专项，推进关键技术创新，增强能源领域原始创新、集成创新和引进消化吸收再创新能力。 | -- Reinforcing energy technology R&D. China will launch a series of strategic and advanced research projects on frontier technologies in basic sciences like geology, materials, environmental studies, power and energy, and information and control, with the aim of making breakthroughs in basic energy sciences. The Chinese government encourages major enterprises and research institutes in the industry to carry out studies in advanced and adaptive technologies, and put them into practical use, like high-efficiency and intensive coal mining technology, exploration and development technology of unconventional oil and gas resources, high-efficiency clean technology, offshore wind power technology, solar thermal power technology, advanced oil and gas storage and transportation technology, and high-capacity, high-efficiency and long-distance power transmission technology. China will press on with the two national high-tech programs -- "large oil-gas fields and coal-bed gas development," and "large and advanced pressurized-water reactor and high temperature gas-cooled reactor nuclear power stations" -- to facilitate key technological innovations, and enhance the innovation abilities, including "original innovation," "integrated innovation" and "secondary innovation" in the energy sector. |
| ——推进能源装备技术进步。依托重大技术装备工程，加强技术攻关，完善综合配套，建立健全能源装备标准、检测和认证体系，提高重大能源装备设计、制造和系统集成能力。进一步完善政策支持体系，重点推进大功率高参数超超临界机组、燃气轮机、三代核电、可再生能源发电机组、非常规油气资源勘探开发等关键设备技术进步，积极推广应用先进技术装备。加强对能源装备产业的规划引导，防止低水平重复建设。 | -- Promoting progress of energy equipment technology. Based on major technological equipment projects, China strives to make technological breakthroughs, improve supporting facilities, set up and enforce technical standards for energy equipment, establish a complete testing and certification system, and raise its ability for energy equipment design, manufacturing and system integration. China will further enhance the supporting policy system, boost the technological advance of key equipment, such as high-capacity, high-parameter and ultra-supercritical generating units, gas turbines, third-generation nuclear power, renewable energy generating units, exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas resources, and spreading the application of state-of-the-art equipment. The government will also strengthen planning and guidance for the energy equipment manufacturing industry to prevent redundant construction. |
| ——实施重大科技示范工程。围绕能源发展方式转变和产业转型升级，在大型先进压水堆、高温气冷堆、煤层气开发利用、页岩气勘探开发、煤炭深加工、储能、智能电网等领域，加大资金、技术、政策支持力度，建设重大示范工程，推动科技成果向现实生产力转化。 | -- Launching major technological demonstration projects. Centering on the transformation of energy development mode and upgrading of the energy industry, the Chinese government will give more support in funding, technology and policy to launch major demonstration projects in such fields as large pressurized-water reactors, high-temperature gas-cooled reactors, development and utilization of coal-bed gas, exploration and development of shale gas, and deep processing of coal, energy storage and smart power grids, thus promoting the application of technological and scientific research achievements in production. |
| ——完善能源技术创新体系。依托大型企业、科研机构和高校，在煤炭资源勘探、煤层气开发利用、页岩气勘探开发、海洋工程装备、大型清洁高效发电设备、智能电网技术、先进核反应堆技术等领域，继续建设一批国家能源技术创新平台，加强自主研发和核心技术攻关。完善国家对技术创新平台的支持政策体系。充分发挥企业的创新主体作用，做好创新成果的推广应用。引导科研机构、高等院校的科研力量为企业技术创新服务，更好地实现产学研有机结合。完善科技评价和奖励制度，建立和完善能源创新人才的培养体系和激励机制。 | -- Improving the innovation system of energy technology. The Chinese government will continue to support large enterprises, R&D institutes, colleges and universities to set up national innovation platforms that can conduct independent R&D and make breakthroughs in core technologies, especially technologies for coal exploration, development and utilization of coal-bed gas, exploration and development of shale gas, marine engineering equipment, high-capacity high-efficiency and low-pollution power generating equipment, smart grids and advanced nuclear reactors. It will improve the policy system supporting technological innovation platforms. The government will give full play to the role of enterprises in innovation, and encourage them to spread and apply innovative technologies. It will guide R&D institutes and institutions of higher learning to serve enterprises in the field of innovation, and better integrate the efforts of enterprises with that of the research institutes and institutions of higher learning. The state will set up an evaluation and reward mechanism for technological development, and establish and improve a training system and an incentive mechanism for innovations. |
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