关于《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》的说明
Explanatory Notes for the 'Decision of the CCCPC on Some Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening the Reform'
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| 从实践看，面对互联网技术和应用飞速发展，现行管理体制存在明显弊端，主要是多头管理、职能交叉、权责不一、效率不高。同时，随着互联网媒体属性越来越强，网上媒体管理和产业管理远远跟不上形势发展变化。特别是面对传播快、影响大、覆盖广、社会动员能力强的微客、微信等社交网络和即时通信工具用户的快速增长，如何加强网络法制建设和舆论引导，确保网络信息传播秩序和国家安全、社会稳定，已经成为摆在我们面前的现实突出问题。 | Falling behind the rapid development of Internet technology and applications, our current management of the Internet is seriously flawed and cannot function properly. Different administrative bodies engaged in multi-channel management of the Internet, overlapping functions and mismatch between powers and responsibilities – all these have led to inefficient management. Also, as the Internet grows into a new form of media, the management of this online medium and the industry is lagging far behind the development of the business. With fast growth in the users of micro-blogs, WeChat and other social network services and instant communication tools, which spread information quickly and can mobilize large numbers of users, how to strengthen oversight within a legal framework and guide public opinion, and how to ensure the orderly dissemination of online information, while at the same time safeguarding national security and social stability have become pressing problems for us. |
| 全会决定提出坚持积极利用、科学发展、依法管理、确保安全的方针，加大依法管理网络力度，完善互联网管理领导体制。目的是整合相关机构职能，形成从技术到内容、从日常安全到打击犯罪的互联网管理合力，确保网络正确运用和安全。 | The Decision stipulates that we must adhere to the principles of active usage, scientific development, management in accordance with the law and ensuring safety in strengthening management of the Internet in accordance with the law, and accelerating the improvement of leading institutions for Internet management. The aim of this is to integrate the functions of the related departments and form joint forces in the management of the Internet covering both technology and contents, and ranging from daily security to combating crimes, to ensure correct and safe Internet usage. |
| 第九，关于设立国家安全委员会。国家安全和社会稳定是改革发展的前提。只有国家安全和社会稳定，改革发展才能不断推进。当前，我国面临对外维护国家主权、安全、发展利益，对内维护政治安全和社会稳定的双重压力，各种可以预见和难以预见的风险因素明显增多。而我们的安全工作体制机制还不能适应维护国家安全的需要，需要搭建一个强有力的平台统筹国家安全工作。设立国家安全委员会，加强对国家安全工作的集中统一领导，已是当务之急。 | Nine, establishing the Council of State Security. National security and social stability form the basis for further reform and progress. Currently we are challenged by pressure from two sources: Internationally we must safeguard state sovereignty, national security and our development interests, and domestically we need to maintain political and social stability. All kinds of foreseeable and unforeseeable risks are increasing significantly, but our security system is not good enough to meet the demands of ensuring national security. We need to establish a strong platform to coordinate our security work. For this purpose, establishing a state security council to strengthen unified leadership of national security at the central level has become an urgent matter. |
| 国家安全委员会主要职责是制定和实施国家安全战略，推进国家安全法治建设，制定国家安全工作方针政策，研究解决国家安全工作中的重大问题。 | The main responsibilities of the Council of State Security are to formulate and implement national security strategy, promote the national security legislation, design principles and policies for national security work, and discuss and resolve key issues concerning national security. |
| 第十，关于健全国家自然资源资产管理体制和完善自然资源监管体制。健全国家自然资源资产管理体制是健全自然资源资产产权制度的一项重大改革，也是建立系统完备的生态文明制度体系的内在要求。 | Ten, improving the country's natural resources management system and oversight system. Improving the country's natural resources management system is an important reform for developing the property right system for natural resources. It is also the intrinsic requirement for building an ecologically friendly country with complete supporting systems. |
| 我国生态环境保护中存在的一些突出问题，一定程度上与体制不健全有关，原因之一是全民所有自然资源资产的所有权人不到位，所有权人权益不落实。针对这一问题，全会决定提出健全国家自然资源资产管理体制的要求。总的思路是按照所有者和管理者分开和一件事由一个部门管理的原则，落实全民所有自然资源资产所有权，建立统一行使全民所有自然资源资产所有权人职责的体制。 | Some of our major frustrations in ecological protection are caused by problems in the ecological management system. One problem lies in the undefined ownership of natural resources by the whole people, which leads to problems in the identification of the rights and interests of the owners. To solve this problem, the Decision puts forth measures for improving the natural resources management system. The guiding thoughts are: Ensuring people's property rights to natural resources according to the principle of separation between ownership and management, one issue belonging to one department, and establishing a unified responsibility mechanism for people who act on behalf of the public to manage public natural resources assets. |
| 国家对全民所有自然资源资产行使所有权并进行管理和国家对国土范围内自然资源行使监管权是不同的，前者是所有权人意义上的权利，后者是管理者意义上的权力。这就需要完善自然资源监管体制，统一行使所有国土空间用途管制职责，使国有自然资源资产所有权人和国家自然资源管理者相互独立、相互配合、相互监督。 | There is a difference between the state's exercise of power and management over the natural resources assets owned by the whole people and the state's supervision and management of the natural resources within its territory. The former is the owner's right, while the latter is the manager's right. This thus requires us to improve the system of oversight of natural resources, and fulfill the duties as the manager of our territorial space. The owners of state-owned natural resources assets and the managers of state natural resources must act independently, while cooperating with and supervising each other. |
| 我们要认识到，山水林田湖是一个生命共同体，人的命脉在田，田的命脉在水，水的命脉在山，山的命脉在土，土的命脉在树。用途管制和生态修复必须遵循自然规律，如果种树的只管种树、治水的只管治水、护田的单纯护田，很容易顾此失彼，最终造成生态的系统性破坏。由一个部门负责领土范围内所有国土空间用途管制职责，对山水林田湖进行统一保护、统一修复是十分必要的。 | We need to realize that our mountains, waters, forests, farmlands and lakes form a community of life. The lifeline of the people comes from the farmland, that of the farmland comes from the water, that of the water comes from the mountain, that of the mountain comes from the earth, and that of the earth comes from the tree. To control the exploitation of natural resources and restore the ecosystem, we must follow the laws of Nature. If people only tend to their own responsibilities, for example, growing trees, regulating rivers or protecting farmlands in isolation, they are prone to gaining in one area and losing in another, which eventually leads to systemic destruction of the ecology. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance to put one department in charge of the usage of the entire territory of a country, and carry out unified protection and restoration programs for its natural resources. |
| 第十一，关于中央成立全面深化改革领导小组。全面深化改革是一个复杂的系统工程，单靠某一个或某几个部门往往力不从心，这就需要建立更高层面的领导机制。 | Eleven, establishing the Leading Group for Deepening Reform Comprehensively under the CPC Central Committee. Deepening reform comprehensively is a complicated systems engineering project, which requires more than one or several departments to carry out. Therefore, leadership at a higher level should be established for this purpose. |
| 全会决定提出，中央成立全面深化改革领导小组，负责改革总体设计、统筹协调、整体推进、督促落实。这是为了更好发挥党总揽全局、协调各方的领导核心作用，保证改革顺利推进和各项改革任务落实。领导小组的主要职责是：统一部署全国性重大改革，统筹推进各领域改革，协调各方力量形成推进改革合力，加强督促检查，推动全面落实改革目标任务。 | The Decision stipulates that the Party Central Committee will set up the Leading Group for Deepening Reform Comprehensively. This is to give better play to the Party's core function as leader having a picture of the whole situation and as chief coordinator of different aspects, so as to ensure the reform progresses smoothly and the tasks are implemented as planned. The main responsibilities of this leading group are planning key national reforms, promoting coordinated reforms in various fields, coordinating various forces into a joint force for reform, strengthening supervision and oversight, and promoting full implementation of the reform's aim and tasks. |
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