1. Promoting domestic demand to give a stronger impetus to economic growth

We will rev up new engines for driving economic development, promote the fundamental role of consumer spending and the key role of investment in stimulating growth, and make sure that fluctuations in the growth rate do not weaken the good momentum of China's economic development and that the quality of our growth increases with the size of our economy.

1) We will promote consumer spending and upgrade its structure through multi-point support. Total retail sales of consumer goods are expected to increase by 13% in 2015.

First, we will promote increases in personal income through various channels. We will issue and implement supporting measures for deepening reform of the income distribution system. Basic pension benefits for enterprise retirees will be raised by another 10%. We will reform the old-age insurance system for employees of Party and government offices and public institutions, while at the same time improving their pay systems. We will utilize the mechanism for increasing social assistance and social security benefits in line with rises in consumer prices to ensure basic living conditions for those in need.

Second, we will accelerate our efforts to nurture new growth areas in consumer spending. We will vigorously promote consumer spending in areas such as elderly care, domestic services, health, information, tourism, recreation, green products, housing, education, culture, and sports, encourage non-government parties to establish and operate institutions that provide services such as elderly care, fitness services, health care, and medical care, and accelerate the pace of implementing the National Broadband Internet Agenda and projects to expand broadband technology in townships and villages.

Third, we will improve the environment for consumer spending. We will speed up the establishment of a national unified system of codes for rating credit and a platform for sharing and communicating information on credit, and make concerted efforts to increase credit-related punishment. We will establish sound systems for monitoring and regulating the quality of products, for tracking product production details, and for recalling products, and intensify monitoring and regulation over the quality and safety of on-line goods. We will improve the system for food and drug oversight and our capacity for carrying out oversight, and resolutely crack down on the manufacture and sale of counterfeit and shoddy goods. We will conduct special inspections to monitor charges concerning education, medical care, and tourism, give full play to the role of the 12358 hotline and website in handling price-related complaints and managing information on pricing, and investigate and deal with cases of monopolistic pricing and practices of price fraud in accordance with the law.

2) We will work hard to sustain steady growth in investment. Total fixed-asset investment is projected to increase by 15% in 2015.

First, we will expand effective investment by adopting a full range of measures. We will coordinate all kinds of government investment and encourage and guide nongovernmental investment to make sure that major projects as specified in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan are completed and a number of new important projects are launched. These new projects include major transportation projects to build railways and highways in the central and western regions and develop inland waterways; major projects involving information, electricity, oil, and gas networks; clean energy projects and projects to ensure supplies of oil, gas, and mineral resources; agricultural projects to improve water conservancy and develop high-yield cropland; projects related to scientific and technological innovation and structural upgrading; projects concerning people's wellbeing, such as those to rebuild run-down areas, renovate dilapidated houses, and build urban pipeline networks; and projects aimed at energy conservation, environmental protection, and ecological improvement. With the focus on shoring up our weak spots, adjusting the economic structure, and increasing the supply of public goods and services, these projects are of overall, fundamental, and strategic importance to China's development, and will generate both short-term and long-term benefits.

Second, we will make innovations in mechanisms to stimulate nongovernmental investment. We will improve the role of treasury funds in supporting investment. For industries in competitive areas, we will change our way of providing support from making direct investments in specific projects to establishing investment funds in order to attract nongovernmental investment. We will actively encourage nongovernmental capital to initiate and set up industrial investment funds and equity funds. We will be more creative in using government investment, encouraging nongovernmental investment into major projects by subsidizing investment, injecting capital, and other measures.

Third, we will give full play to the leading role of budgetary investment. Appropriation for investment in the central government budget this year is planned to be 477.6 billion yuan. More of this investment will be directed toward agriculture, water conservancy, railways in the central and western regions, government-subsidized housing, major infrastructure, ecological improvement, people's wellbeing, and old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas, and poor areas. We will reduce central government subsidies toward extensive local endeavors consisting of large numbers of minor projects, and make no more investment to general projects in competitive areas. Meanwhile, we will strengthen supervision and management of government funds.

2. Accelerating economic structural reform

We will strive to refine and implement existing reform plans and increase coordination and cooperation during their implementation in order to ensure that all reform measures are put into effect. We will correctly balance the relationship between the government and the market, move faster to establish a sound, unified, and open nationwide market system that ensures orderly competition, put forward more reform measures to invigorate the market, and turn the new benefits of reform into a new driving force for development.

1) We will fully advance the law-based exercise of administrative power.

We will press ahead with formulating and improving laws and regulations regarding plans for development, investment management, land management, energy and mineral resources, economic security, and other aspects, thus promptly consolidating our achievements in reform through the means of legislation. We will improve the mechanism for soliciting opinions from the public, conducting expert evaluations, risk assessments, and legality reviews, and carrying out collective discussions before making major policy decisions. We will establish a system of baselines for administrative discretionary powers regarding the review and approval of items and the imposing of administrative penalties. We will work hard to promote transparency in government operations. We will strengthen constraints on and oversight over the exercise of power.

2) We will deepen reform of government review and approval.

We will cancel or delegate to lower-level governments the process of government review and approval for an additional number of items and fully sort out the items requiring non-administrative review and approval. We will greatly streamline preliminary review and approval procedures, review and regulate intermediary services, and deepen reform of the business system. Stronger oversight will be exercised over items and projects during and after handling. We will draw up a negative list for market access, and ensure provincial-level governments release their lists of powers and responsibilities. We will put more emphasis on cooperation between the central and local authorities and coordination between relevant departments when carrying out our reform measures.

3) We will press ahead with the reforms of SOEs and the development of the non-public sector.

We will formulate guidelines on deepening reform of SOEs and carry out the reform by their type. We will move faster to relieve enterprises of their obligation to operate social programs and solve their longstanding problems in this regard. We will reform and improve the incentive and restraint mechanisms for SOE executives. We will develop mixed-ownership structures within SOEs in an orderly fashion, and encourage and set rules for non-state capital in holding shares of the investment projects of SOEs. We will continue to tighten oversight over state assets with the focus on state capital, and accelerate trials of forming corporations to invest and manage state capital. We will deepen structural reforms of electricity, petroleum, and natural gas industries. We will continue to optimize the institutional environment for developing the non-public sector, and further open up market access to encourage and guide more nongovernmental capital into areas such as basic industries, municipal public utilities, social programs, and financial services in order to give expression to the vitality and creativity of the non-public sector.

4) We will press ahead with reform of the fiscal and tax systems.

Except for those dealing with classified matters, we will make public the budgets and final accounts of all central and local departments. We will reform the system of transfer payments from the central government to local governments. We will review and standardize preferential policies such as preferential tax policies. We will levy price-based resource tax on more resource products, speed up legislation to introduce environmental protection tax, and push forward revisions to the Law on Tax Collection and Administration. We will deepen reform of the system of compensation for the exploitation of national mineral resources. We will strengthen local government debt management.

5) We will ensure better financial services for the real economy.

We will improve the system of multilevel capital markets and vigorously develop inclusive finance. We will step up efforts to develop small and medium-sized financial institutions committed to serving small and micro businesses as well as agriculture, rural areas, and farmers; energetically push forward the establishment of private banks; deepen reform of rural credit cooperatives; and advance the reform of government-sponsored development financial institutions and policy-backed financial institutions. We will establish the deposit insurance system. We will carry out the reform of stock issuance registration, launch trials of equity-based crowd-funding, and increase the proportion of direct financing. We will explore how to set up outbound RMB cooperative funds. We will encourage Internet banking to develop in an innovative and standardized way. We will research and roll out new types of insurance such as major disaster insurance and credit insurance, and support agricultural insurance in favoring various new agricultural entities.

6) We will deepen reform of the investment and financing system.

We will vigorously promote reform of the project review and approval system; build an online platform for reviewing, approving, and monitoring investment projects, ensuring that by the end of 2015, project review and approval procedures can be handled online nationwide; and establish a mechanism for coordinating oversight over investment projects. We will improve the relevant measures and detailed rules for their implementation for making innovations in the mechanisms for investment and financing in key areas and encouraging nongovernmental investment; further open up market access for nongovernmental capital; formulate measures for managing the franchising of infrastructure and public utilities; and actively promote application of the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model. We will issue the Regulations on Government Investment.

7) We will accelerate price reform.

We will revise the government pricing catalogue; stop setting prices for most medicines; lift the control of purchasing prices for tobacco leaves, a portion of rail fares and freight rates, rates and fees for some postal services, and charges for professional services; and delegate to lower levels of government the power to set prices for some basic public services. We will extend to more areas the trial price reform of electricity transmission and distribution. For non-residential consumption of natural gas, we will unify the price of gas consumption within 2014 levels with the price of gas consumption exceeding 2014 levels, and gradually lift control of the price for non-residential gas consumption. We will refine environmental protection price policies. We will implement tiered pricing for electricity, water, and natural gas used for household purposes throughout the country. We will make guidelines on reviewing and canceling all kinds of regulations and practices impeding the national unified market and fair competition, and work hard to get rid of various types of market segmentation and regional barriers.

8) We will steadily move ahead with reforms of the rural and land system.

We will prudently carry out trial reforms concerning rural land requisition, the marketization of rural collective land designated for business-related construction, the system of land used for rural housing, and the rural collective property rights system. We will launch trials of allowing rural land-use rights to be used as collateral to borrow money, guide farmers in becoming shareholders of cooperatives and leading enterprises by contributing their land-use rights, and develop appropriately scaled, diversified farm operations. We will improve the system of unified registration of immovable property, carry out the trial of determining and registering water rights, and advance price reform of water used for agricultural purposes. We will fully deepen the comprehensive reform of supply and marketing cooperatives, and move faster to reform state forestry farms and areas, state farms built on reclaimed land, and the seed industry.

3. Thoroughly implementing the strategy of opening up

We will act more quickly to make Chinese businesses more competitive in the international market, allow exports to effectively drive economic growth, and expand the scope and depth of opening up.

1) We will give impetus to the steady growth in foreign trade.

We will improve the system for joint payment of export rebates by the central and local governments. We will help cultivate brand names for export and overseas marketing networks. We will improve cross-border e-commerce, market purchases, integrated services for foreign trade, and other new trade models. We will give preferential credit to buyers of Chinese exports in order to stimulate the export of Chinese equipment, technology, and standards. We will improve policies that promote the trade in services, expand the export of services, and increase support for efforts to undertake services outsourced by other countries. We will adopt a more proactive import policy, expanding the import of advanced technology, key equipment, and important parts and components.

2) We will raise the utilization of foreign capital to a new level.

We will revise the Catalogue for the Guidance of Industries for Foreign Investment. We will encourage other parts of the country to make use of the experience gained in the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone, and move steadily forward with the building of pilot free trade zones in Guangdong, Tianjin, and Fujian. We will focus on opening the service sector and the general manufacturing sector wider to the outside world, carrying out trials to open up our financial sector, and revamping the model of managing foreign debt. We will explore the management model of pre-establishment national treatment (PENT) plus a negative list, and improve the system for security reviews of foreign investments. In 2015, foreign direct investment in China's non-financial sectors is projected to reach US$120 billion, which is similar to last year.

3) We will raise the efficiency and quality of China's outward investment.

We will move faster to build a system for providing financial services to outward investment, expand the channel for using foreign exchange reserves, and provide better financial services, information services, legal services, and consulate protection for Chinese enterprises investing overseas. With the focus on the construction of key and iconic projects, we will continue to encourage the building of overseas railways, ports, highways, and nuclear power projects; deepen cooperation on energy and resources with other countries; expand cooperation on equipment manufacturing, emerging industries, ecological conservation, and environmental protection; and increase the pace of China's production capacity and equipment in "going global" . In 2015, China's non-financial outward direct investment is estimated to come to US$113 billion, which is an increase of about 10%.

4) We will increase multilateral, bilateral, and regional economic cooperation.

We will put into practice the strategy of developing the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, and build the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor. We will speed up infrastructure connectivity with our neighbors. We will upgrade the China-ASEAN Free Trade Zone, strive to complete the talks on regional comprehensive economic partnership agreements, build the Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific, and carry on negotiations of investment agreements with the United States and the European Union.

4. Accelerating the transformation of agricultural development

In our efforts to develop agriculture, four bottlenecks have already emerged that we will have to face within the near future: the prices of domestic agricultural products already far exceed international prices, the costs associated with agriculture production are ever increasing, direct subsidies to agriculture which fall into the WTO's "amber box" are close to the limit that China agreed to when it joined the WTO, and the impact of agriculture on resources and the environment has set off a red warning light. We must accelerate the transformation of agricultural development, and embark on a path of modern agricultural development which ensures high yield and safe agricultural produce, conserves resources, and is environmentally friendly. In 2015, we will keep total grain output stable at 550 million metric tons or above.

1) We will innovate and improve policies that support agriculture.

We will ensure that the proportion of the central government's budgetary investments to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers is at least kept at the same level as last year, increase efforts to carry out integrated planning for these funds, and make their use more efficient. We will improve mechanisms that provide compensation for cropland protection and subsidize major grain growing areas, and conduct trials of granting subsidies to large-scale grain growers, family farms, and other emerging agribusinesses. We will continue to implement the minimum purchase price policy on rice and wheat, move ahead with the pilot reform of guaranteed base prices for cotton and soybeans, and improve the temporary purchase and stockpiling policy on major agricultural products and the management of their import and export. We will establish a sound system by which provincial governors are accountable for their provinces' food security. We will make local governments strengthen their grain reserves systems.

2) We will strengthen agricultural and rural infrastructure development.

We will carry out work to demarcate permanent basic farmland throughout the country. We will accelerate implementation of the national master plan for building high-grade farmland and the plan for increasing China's grain production capacity by 50 million metric tons. We will construct a number of new major projects to divert water, protect key water sources, and harness rivers and lakes. We will more quickly build auxiliary facilities and update water-saving devices in medium- to large-scale irrigation areas, and advance the construction of small-scale irrigation infrastructure and water conservancy infrastructure. We will comprehensively implement the project to purchase and stockpile grain to ensure its supply and security, and support the building of grain silos with capacities of 50 million metric tons. We will intensify efforts to address serious problems in the agricultural environment, and comprehensively improve the rural living environment, to build a more beautiful and livable countryside. Safe drinking water will be made available to another 60 million rural residents. All-out efforts will be made to deliver electricity to all households without power supply. We will make great efforts to build rural roads in the western region and in contiguous poor areas. We will rebuild run-down houses for 3.66 million rural households, and make coordinated efforts to renovate rural houses to make them more earthquake-resistant.

3) We will accelerate agricultural structural adjustment.

We will improve the industrial organization of agriculture and the mechanisms for balancing the interests of farmers and enterprises, and integrate the development of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in rural areas. We will work harder to promote innovation in agricultural science and technology and spread the use of new agricultural techniques, machinery, and tools. We will coordinate the construction of grain, cotton, oilseed, sugar crop, and vegetable production centers, and encourage standardized, large-scale, and intensive livestock, poultry, and aquaculture farming. We will encourage the local conversion and processing of grain in major grain-producing areas. We will support the construction of national seed cultivation and production centers. We will also strengthen the fishery administration.

5. Promoting transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure through innovation

We will rely on innovation, develop new products, models, forms of business, and industries, raise the core competitiveness of our industries, and advance the push toward mid- and high-end industries.

1) We will fully implement the strategy of innovation-driven development.

We project spending on R&D as a percentage of GDP will come to 2.2% in 2015. We will optimize and integrate science and technology programs (special projects and funds) financed by the central government. We will launch regional trial reforms to promote all-around innovation. We will improve policies on equity-based incentives for making innovation, and accelerate the reform for managing the use and commoditization of and the distribution of profit from scientific and technological advances of public institutions. We will establish more national innovation demonstration zones, and fully implement preferential policies such as extra deductions for R&D expenses. We will scale up state seed funds for encouraging the application of scientific and technological advances. We will move faster in carrying out key national scientific and technological programs and plan a number of major science and technology projects, major programs, and national innovation platforms.

2) We will boost the scale and strength of strategic emerging industries.

We will vigorously develop the information economy, and promote full integration of the information industry with traditional industries. We will formulate an "Internet Plus" action plan, support the integrated development of cloud computing with the Internet of Things and the mobile Internet, and foster the artificial intelligence industry. We will implement major innovation projects in biomedicines, civil space infrastructure, big data, high-end equipment, next-generation information networks, new energy, new materials, new-energy vehicles, aircraft engines, and gas turbines. We will advance the development of national defense-related science, technology, and industries by integrating the military and civilian sectors. We will set up state seed funds for investment in emerging industries.

3) We will accelerate the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries.

We will implement the "Made in China 2025" strategy. We will introduce a three-year action plan for enhancing the core competitiveness of our manufacturing industries. We will focus on making breakthroughs in core technologies in key areas, such as industrial robots, rail transit equipment, high-end vessels and ocean engineering equipment, new-energy vehicles, modern agricultural machinery, and high-end medical appliances and medicines, and promote the industrial application of these technologies. We will coordinate the implementation of major projects on nuclear power, hydropower, and large coal and coal-power bases. We will accelerate the adjustment and optimization of industries with overcapacity, work harder to phase out outdated production capacity, and encourage enterprise mergers and reorganizations. We will encourage businesses to engage in technological upgrading. We will continue working to turn the coal industry around.

4) We will make the service sector better able to support economic growth.

We will fully implement pricing, fiscal, tax, and land policies to aid the development of the service sector, ensure that paid vacations are enforced, deepen the comprehensive trial reforms in this sector, introduce a statistical categorization of producer services, and formulate policies and guidelines for the development of consumer services. We will energetically develop producer services such as industrial design and finance lease, vigorously foster and develop high-tech services such as R&D, systems integration, intellectual property rights, and inspection and testing, and promote the integrated development of services with manufacturing industries. We will improve mobile payment infrastructure and trusted transaction services, and advance the development of e-commerce, logistics, and express delivery services. We will move faster in building a backbone network for the circulation of agricultural products nationwide. We will implement the mid-to-long-term plan and the three-year action plan for the development of the logistics industry, designate pilot cities for innovatively developing modern logistics, build national demonstration logistics parks, and support building a shared logistics information platform.

5) We will enhance the effective supply capacity of infrastructure and basic industries.

We will move faster to build railways, especially in the central and western regions, and promote the systematic development of intercity rail lines and urban rail transit. We will work to ensure that there are no national expressways left hanging unfinished, and rebuild bottlenecked sections of ordinary national and provincial trunk highways so that they are capable of accommodating more traffic. We will improve the development of high-grade inland waterways. We will advance the construction of civil aviation infrastructure such as the new airport in Beijing. We will accelerate the development of facilities for coal transportation and electricity transmission and pipelines for oil and gas transmission, actively develop hydropower, safely develop nuclear power, vigorously develop wind power, solar energy, and biomass energy, improve the development and utilization of natural gas, and increase the proportion of clean energy and renewable energy resources in total energy consumption.

6. Improving the pattern of economic development between different regions

We will give full play to the comparative strengths of different regions, foster and expand new growth poles and new economic support zones, and comprehensively promote coordinated and balanced development between different regions.

1) We will effectively carry out the three key strategies: the strategy of developing the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, the strategy of promoting coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and the strategy to build an economic development belt along the Yangtze River.

We will ensure the completion of tasks and projects prioritized in 2015 in implementing the strategy of developing the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. We will roll out guidelines for the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and provide support for the region to make substantial breakthroughs first in integrated transportation, environmental protection, and industrial upgrading and relocating. In addition, we will intensify institutional reform, strengthen innovation-driven development, carry out trials and demonstrations in districts and fields meeting certain conditions, and relocate functions non-essential to Beijing's role as the capital away from the city in a proactive yet prudent way. We will formulate the guidelines on building the economic development belt along the Yangtze River; accelerate the development of an integrated multidimensional transportation corridor and a green, ecological corridor all along the belt; start construction of major projects in an orderly fashion, including upgrading the major waterways and building docks and quays along the Yangtze River; establish demonstration zones for accepting relocated industries; and set up jointly-built industrial parks.

2) We will fully carry out the master strategy for regional development and the strategy for functional zoning.

We will refine and firm up the policies and measures concerning large-scale development of the western region which are appropriate under the new conditions, and further open up border areas and inland areas to the outside world. We will roll out the guidelines on all-around revitalization of northeast China and other old industrial bases, and fully implement major near-term policies and measures for revitalizing northeast China. We will formulate a new ten-year plan on boosting the rise of the central region, and build comprehensive transport networks and hubs in the region at a faster pace. We will support the eastern region in leading the way in institutional innovation aimed at economic transformation and upgrading. We will promote orderly development of new districts in urbanization. We will continue to carry out national trials and demonstrations for developing function zones, improve the policy framework for integrated, complete reforms, and establish sound mechanisms for monitoring and giving early warnings on the carrying capacity of resources and the environment. We will also energetically develop the marine economy.

3) We will continue to support the development of regions with unique features at a faster pace.

We will support the economic and social development of Xinjiang, Tibet, and the Tibetan ethnic areas in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu, and Qinghai provinces, and provide effective one-to-one assistance to designated areas. We will accelerate the upgrading of cities once dependent on resources that are now depleted, and push forward with the relocating and rebuilding of old industrial areas within cities and independent industrial and mining areas. We will formulate guidelines and planning for supporting the development of old revolutionary base areas. We will continue to promote development in contiguous poor areas as a whole in order to help alleviate poverty.

4) We will actively advance the new type of urbanization.

We will carry out the plan on urbanization with the focus on three tasks, each concerning 100 million people: granting urban residency to around 100 million people who have moved to cities from rural areas, rebuilding run-down areas and "villages" inside cities where around 100 million people live, and guiding the process of urbanization for around 100 million rural residents in the central and western regions. We will coordinate efforts in carrying out comprehensive pilot projects for advancing the new type of urbanization nationwide and in launching trials for comprehensive reform in small and medium-sized cities, and we will explore the establishment of mechanisms for sharing the costs associated with helping people from rural areas who have moved to cities become urban citizens, of well-regulated, diversified, and sustainable mechanisms for investment and financing to ensure funding for urban development, and of new models of administrative management that encourage innovations and reduce costs. We will improve the overall distribution of areas that are undergoing urbanization, formulate planning for cross-provincial city clusters, and promote the coordinated development of city clusters in key regions. We will move faster to construct multi-purpose networks for underground pipelines and facilities for flood prevention and rainwater control in cities. We will ensure the effective governance of urban maladies such as pollution and traffic congestion. We will carry out pilot projects in more cities and counties to replace multiple plans for local development with one master plan. By the end of 2015, 55.77% of China's population is expected to be comprised of permanent urban residents, and 37.9% is expected to be comprised of registered urban residents.

7. Making unremitting efforts in energy conservation, emissions reduction, low-carbon development, and ecological and environmental protection

In addressing problems concerning the environment, we will continue to treat root causes, conduct monitoring and regulation over the whole process of production, and enforce severe punishments for violations or damage to the environment. We will attach greater importance to green, circular, and low-carbon development so as to improve the ecosystem and environment of China and build a beautify country.

1) We will improve the systems for promoting ecological progress.

We will issue and implement guidelines on accelerating ecological advancement, and on the basis of research, formulate a plan for implementing the structural reform for promoting ecological progress and a system for setting targets for ecological improvement. We will establish demonstration zones for enforcing compensation for ecological damage and for promoting ecological progress. Compensation for ecological damage will be levied on a trial basis at key water sources, in major drainage basins, and across drainage basins. We will launch pilot projects to promote a cap-and-trade system for emissions. We will strengthen the protection of mudflats and improve the management of their development. We will carry out trials of allowing enterprises to commission a third party to treat their pollution, and provide special financing for encouraging energy efficiency and provide green loans for environmentally responsible businesses. We will explore the introduction of compulsory environmental pollution liability insurance.

2) We will strictly control both energy intensity and total energy consumption.

We will continue to implement the early-warning and regulatory system for energy conservation and emissions reduction, tighten control over energy intensity, improve management of total energy consumption, and strictly evaluate the performance of energy conservation targets and correspondingly pursue accountability. For areas affected by severe smog, regions where conserving energy is difficult, and industries with overcapacity, we will strictly control the number of energy-intensive projects and put into effect policies for coal use reduction and for replacing some coal use with alternative energy sources. We will continue to launch key energy-conservation projects and pilot and demonstration projects that aim to establish a circular economy, and vigorously promote the recovery of resources from industrial and household waste.

3) We will strengthen pollution control and ecological protection.

We will fully implement the ten measures on controlling air pollution as stipulated in the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan, implement the action plan for preventing and controlling water and soil pollution, and strengthen efforts to prevent and control air pollution in key areas and water pollution in key drainage basins and sea areas. We will upgrade coal-burning power plants to achieve ultra-low emissions. We will promote clean and efficient use of coal. We will accelerate efforts to increase the quality of refined oil products. We will remove more high-emission vehicles from roads. We will redouble efforts to control the factors causing sandstorms, treat soil erosion, prevent the spread of stony deserts, improve the geological environment in mining areas, and protect ecosystems on grasslands and farmlands. We will launch a new group of projects to return marginal cultivated land to forests or grasslands and return grazing land to grasslands and major projects to develop forests for ecological conservation. In 2015, we will return an additional 667 thousand hectares of cultivated land to forests or grasslands, and afforest six million hectares of land. We will vigorously develop energy conservation and environmental protection industries. We will advance desalination and comprehensive utilization of seawater.

4) We will actively address climate change.

We will implement the Interim Measures for the Management of Carbon Emission Rights Trading, and continue the pilot programs and demonstrations of low-carbon development. We will intensify South-South cooperation on climate change, and play a constructive part in the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris.

8. Working harder to ensure and improve people's wellbeing

We will integrate our efforts to improve people's wellbeing and invigorate social and economic development, and increase the investment in and effective supply of public goods and services.

1) We will take well-targeted steps to ensure employment.

We will implement and improve policies to increase employment and entrepreneurship, and encourage individuals to start their own businesses and make innovations. We will fully carry out the program for promoting the employment of college and university graduates and guiding college and university students in starting up businesses, and provide vocational skills training to rural migrant workers. We will increase our assistance to groups who have difficulty in finding a job; properly solve the issue of resettling and providing employment to workers laid off due to SOE mergers and reorganizations, the phasing-out of excess production capacity, or the shutdown of outdated production facilities; and implement and improve the policy on using unemployment insurance funds to support enterprises in ensuring job opportunities.

2) We will improve the social security system.

We will formulate an overall plan for deepening reform of the old-age insurance system and, at the appropriate time, launch trials of commercial pension schemes that allow for deferred payment of individual income tax. We will raise government subsidies for the new rural cooperative medical care system and the basic medical insurance for nonworking urban residents from 320 yuan to 380 yuan per person per year and also increase the annual individual contribution from 90 yuan to 120 yuan per person. We will introduce major disease insurance for rural and nonworking urban residents and the system of emergency assistance and temporary assistance for disease treatment across the country, and intensify efforts to provide medical assistance for treatment of major and critical diseases. We will improve the subsistence allowance system for both urban and rural residents and the social security policy for farmers whose land has been expropriated. We will raise subsidies and living allowances for entitled groups. We will establish a sound mechanism for supporting recovery and reconstruction efforts in areas hit by catastrophic natural disasters.

3) We will become better able to provide public services.

We will create new ways for providing public services, and expand government procurement of public services from nongovernmental sectors. We will continue to develop community-level facilities for employment and social security services. We will continue to improve the basic conditions of badly built and poorly operated schools in poor areas, accelerate the development of education in ethnic minority areas, improve the system for providing aid to students from poor families, ensure that the children of rural migrant workers in cities have the same access to compulsory education as local urban children, advance reform of the school examination and enrollment systems, and speed up the integration of vocational education with industry. We will strengthen special needs education, preschool education, continuing education, and all types of education in areas with concentrations of ethnic minorities. We will encourage nongovernmental sectors to run schools. In 2015, regular institutions of higher learning are planned to enroll seven million undergraduate students and 797,000 graduate students. We will carry out comprehensive reform of county-level public hospitals nationwide, expand comprehensive trial reforms of public hospitals in cities, improve policies and measures that encourage nongovernmental investment in the running of medical institutions, and continue to develop the system of medical services covering both urban and rural areas. We will vigorously develop traditional Chinese medicine and the traditional medicine of ethnic minorities. We will raise annual per capita government subsidies to basic public health services from 35 yuan to 40 yuan, with the entire additional sum in rural areas to be used for paying the basic public health services from rural doctors. We will accelerate development of the system of modern public cultural services, better preserve valuable cultural and natural heritage, and quicken reform and development of the culture industry as well as public cultural initiatives through the press and publishing; radio, film, and television; and literature and art. We will promote the flourishing of philosophy and the social sciences. We will steadily carry out trials for a system of national parks. We will strengthen infrastructure for tourism, and support the development of new models of tourism. We will intensify development of the system for elderly services. We will quickly establish a national database for basic population information. We will build more recovery and care facilities for people with disabilities and facilities for children's welfare. We will redouble efforts to develop the public service system for promoting national fitness.

4) We will make institutional innovations to strengthen construction of government-subsidized housing.

We will promote the use of direct monetary housing subsidies to people displaced by the rebuilding of run-down areas, and encourage municipal governments to utilize multiple means to increase the supply of public rental housing so that more people in urgent need of housing can find new homes as soon as possible. We will basically complete the renovation of run-down areas in state forestry areas and of dilapidated housing on state forestry farms. In urban areas, work on 4.8 million government-subsidized housing units will be basically completed and construction will begin on an additional 7.4 million units, including 5.8 million units to be rebuilt in run-down areas. We will give targeted guidance and adapt measures tailored to specific local conditions in order to vigorously support the people's demand for first homes or second homes if their first homes are inadequate, and spur the steady and sound development of the real estate market.

Fellow Deputies,

Accomplishing all the work for economic and social development in 2015 is an onerous but important task. We will unite even closer around the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary, hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, take Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development as our guide, implement the guiding principles from General Secretary Xi Jinping's major speeches, willingly accept the oversight of the NPC, and seek comments and suggestions from the CPPCC National Committee with an open mind. We will pool together our hearts and our energy in striving to achieve all the targets set out in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan and promote sustainable and sound economic and social development.