《西藏发展道路的历史选择》白皮书
White Paper: Tibet's Path of Development Is Driven by an Irresistible Historical Tide

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五、中央政府对十四世达赖的政策	V. The Central Government's Policy Towards the 14th Dalai Lama
60多年前，中央政府从维护祖国统一和民族团结的大局出发，积极争取十四世达赖的合作，实现西藏和平解放。1959年十四世达赖叛逃国外后，中央政府始终是仁至义尽、给予出路。然而，十四世达赖在这60多年里则一而再、再而三地作出了与中央政府和西藏人民的愿望背道而驰的选择。	More than 60 years ago, for the sake of the unification of the country and national unity, the central government made positive efforts to seek the cooperation of the 14th Dalai Lama and achieve the peaceful liberation of Tibet. Since the 14th Dalai Lama fled abroad in 1959, the central government has all along exercised great restraint and done its best for best solutions. However, he has repeatedly made choices that run counter to the wishes of the central government and the people of Tibet.
——达赖喇嘛的历史合法性源自中央政府，十四世达赖在西藏和平解放过程中，曾作过一些有益的事，但最终背离了自己的正确选择	- The historical legitimacy of Dalai Lama came from the central government. The 14th Dalai Lama did make some contribution to the peaceful liberation of Tibet, but he subsequently deviated from his correct choice.
达赖喇嘛这个藏传佛教格鲁派大活佛的称号及其历史地位和影响与中央政府的封授密不可分。1653年，五世达赖应召进京朝见清朝顺治皇帝，被册封并授予金册金印。从此达赖喇嘛的封号及其在西藏的政教地位得以确立。1793年，清朝颁布《钦定藏内善后章程二十九条》，确立达赖喇嘛转世的金瓶掣签制度。1940年2月5日,国民政府颁布“府字第898号”令，批准青海省湟中县祁家川5岁男童拉木登珠为第十三世达赖喇嘛转世，并根据西藏地方政府免于金瓶掣签的请求，特准继任为第十四世达赖喇嘛，拨付坐床大典所需经费四十万元。2月22日，循历史定制，中央政府代表吴忠信与热振活佛一起主持了十四世达赖的坐床典礼。拉木登珠成为十四世达赖，其合法性来自中央政府关于达赖喇嘛制度的规定和国民政府的批准认可。	Dalai Lama is a leading incarnation in the hierarchy of the Gelug Sect of Tibetan Buddhism. Its historical status and influence have been closely associated with conferment by the central government. In 1653, the 5th Dalai Lama was summoned to an audience with Qing Emperor Shunzhi, who conferred on him the title of Dalai Lama and issued a gold imperial edict and gold seal to him, officially establishing the title and its political and religious status in Tibet. In 1793, the Qing government enacted the 29-article Authorized Regulations for the Better Government of Tibet. These regulations established the system of drawing lots from a golden urn in relation to the authenticity of the reincarnation of Dalai Lama. On February 5, 1940, the central government of the Republic of China (1912-1949) issued edict No. 898 to approve the status of the five-year-old boy Lhamo Thondup, born in Qijiachuan, Huangzhong County, Qinghai, as the incarnation of the 13th Dalai Lama and his enthronement as the 14th Dalai Lama, and give consent to the local government's request to waive the lot-drawing convention. The central government granted 400,000 yuan to cover his enthronement costs. On February 22, following established historical traditions, the central government representative Wu Zhongxin and the Tibetan Regent Reting Hutuktu presided over the enthronement ceremony of the 14th Dalai Lama. Lhamo Thondup's enthronement as the 14th Dalai Lama owed its legality to the central government's regulations on the Dalai Lama system, and approvement by the government of the Republic of China.
1949年中华人民共和国成立后，为争取和平解放西藏，中央政府组织开展了大量的政治争取工作。1950年11月，西藏地方政府主张亲帝和分裂的摄政达扎·阿旺松饶被迫下台，十四世达赖提前亲政，新中国领导人对他表示祝贺。在中央政府民族平等政策与和平解放西藏方针的感召下，十四世达赖和西藏地方政府派出以阿沛·阿旺晋美为首席代表的代表团到北京谈判。西藏实现和平解放后，中央人民政府驻藏代表带着新中国领导人毛泽东写的亲笔信抵达中印边境小城亚东，劝导在那里观望形势的十四世达赖返回拉萨。新中国领导人在信中指出：“这个协议是符合西藏民族和人民的利益，同时也符合于全中国各族人民的利益。从此西藏地方政府和西藏人民在伟大祖国大家庭中，在中央人民政府统一领导下，得以永远摆脱帝国主义的羁绊和异族的压迫，站起来，为西藏人民自己的事业而努力。我希望你领导的西藏地方政府认真实行关于和平解放西藏办法的协议，尽力帮助人民解放军和平开进西藏地区。”7月21日，十四世达赖启程返回拉萨。10月24日，十四世达赖代表西藏地方政府公开声明完全接受《十七条协议》。	After the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949, the central government invested extensive efforts to achieve the peaceful liberation of Tibet. In November 1950, the pro-imperialist separatist Regent Taktra Ngawang Sungrab was forced to resign. The 14th Dalai Lama assumed power and won congratulations from the leadership of New China. Inspired by the central government's policy of equality of all ethnic groups and the peaceful liberation of Tibet, the 14th Dalai Lama and the local government of Tibet sent a delegation led by Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme to Beijing for talks with the central government. After Tibet was peacefully liberated, the 14th Dalai Lama waited at Dromo in Tibet, near the Indian frontier, to see how events would proceed. A representative of the Central People's Government arrived with a letter written by Mao Zedong, leader of New China, which tried to persuade the Dalai Lama to return to Lhasa. Chairman Mao pointed out in his letter, "The Agreement is in the interests of the Tibetan ethnic group and its people as well as that of people of all other ethnic groups of China. Henceforth, the local government and people of Tibet, as part of the greater family of the motherland under the unified leadership of the Central People's Government, will forever break free from the shackles of imperialism and foreign oppression, and stand up to strive for the cause of the people in Tibet. I hope that the local government of Tibet, with you in charge, will seriously implement the Agreement on Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet and do its best to help the People's Liberation Army enter Tibet peacefully." On July 21, the 14th Dalai Lama left Dromo for Lhasa. On October 24, on behalf of the local government of Tibet, he made a public statement accepting in full the 17-Article Agreement.
——西藏和平解放后，中央政府尊重十四世达赖的固有地位，给予其崇高荣誉并积极争取他为建设新中国作贡献，但他当面一套，背后又是一套	- After the peaceful liberation of Tibet, the central government recognized the established status of the 14th Dalai Lama, treating him with great respect and encouraging him to contribute to the building of New China. However, he betrayed these efforts; his co-operation proved to be a pretence.
《十七条协议》规定：“达赖喇嘛的固有地位和职权，中央亦不予变更”。和平解放后，中央政府给予十四世达赖很高的政治待遇。1953年，十四世达赖当选为全国佛教协会名誉会长。1954年，十四世达赖参加中华人民共和国第一届全国人民代表大会第一次会议，讨论国家大事，拥护和赞成第一部宪法草案。十四世达赖在会上发言，充分肯定三年多来执行《十七条协议》取得的成绩，对民族区域自治的原则和规定表示热烈拥护。他还说：“敌人造谣共产党、人民政府毁灭宗教，现在这种谣言已经完全破产了，西藏人民已经切身地体会到在宗教信仰上是有自由的。”在这次会议上，十四世达赖当选为第一届全国人大常委会副委员长，这是西藏地方领导人历史上在中央政府担任的最高职务。在北京期间，新中国领导人多次接见十四世达赖，与他谈心。十四世达赖撰写《毛主席颂》，歌颂新中国领导人毛泽东的丰功伟绩。1956年，西藏自治区筹备委员会成立，十四世达赖担任筹委会主任。他在筹备委员会成立大会上致辞时表示，《十七条协议》使西藏人民“充分享受到民族平等的一切权利，开始走上了自由幸福的光明大道”，“自治区筹委会的成立，不仅是适时的，而且是必要的”。在执行《十七条协议》、人民解放军进藏、十世班禅返藏、自治区筹委会成立等问题上，他一度做出了积极姿态。	The 17-Article Agreement stipulates, "The central authorities will not alter the established status, functions and powers of the Dalai Lama." After the peaceful liberation of Tibet, the central government recognized the political status of the 14th Dalai Lama and treated him with great respect. In 1953, he became the honorary president of the Buddhist Association of China. In 1954, he participated in the discussion on state affairs at the First Session of the First National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China and upheld the draft of the country's first Constitution. At the meeting, the 14th Dalai Lama spoke highly of the success achieved over the previous three years and more since the conclusion of the 17-Article Agreement and expressed strong support for the principles and rules of regional ethnic autonomy. He also said, "The enemy has been spreading the rumor that the Communist Party and the People's Government destroyed religions. This strategy has collapsed and the people of Tibet now enjoy religious freedom." At the session, the 14th Dalai Lama was elected by the meeting a vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the First National People's Congress, the highest central government position ever held by a local leader of Tibet. During his stay in Beijing, central government leaders held frank and genial talks with him on many occasions. The 14th Dalai Lama wrote the Ode to Chairman Mao to extol the great accomplishments of Mao Zedong. In 1956, the Preparatory Committee for the Tibet Autonomous Region was founded and chaired by the 14th Dalai Lama. In his speech at the inaugurating ceremony, he reaffirmed that the 17-Article Agreement "had enabled the Tibetan people to enjoy in full all rights of ethnic equality and to embark on a bright road of freedom and happiness," and hailed the founding of the Preparatory Committee as "timely and necessary." For a time, he showed a positive attitude towards the implementation of the 17-Article Agreement, the PLA's entry into Tibet, the 10th Panchen Erdeni's return to Tibet, and the founding of the Preparatory Committee.
然而，在分裂分子和帝国主义势力的拉拢和支持下，十四世达赖罔顾作为佛教徒的基本戒律和伦理，辜负中央政府的期望，对中央政府阳奉阴违，暗中从事分裂国家活动。1959年，十四世达赖集团为抗拒废除农奴制的民主改革，撕毁《十七条协议》，发动全面武装叛乱。对于十四世达赖的两面派手法，中央政府早有洞察。新中国领导人毛泽东指出：“达赖要叛乱的阴谋从1955年由北京回去就开始了。1957年初他从印度回来，到1958年布置了两年。”十四世达赖对自己阳奉阴违的做法直言不讳，他在1965年曾称，在1951年至1959年的九年间，“一边在口头上说我们为能回到祖国大家庭而高兴，为能同祖国大家庭中的人民一道建设社会主义社会而高兴之类的话的时候，在心中也隐藏着一句话”，“此话就是：西藏要自由独立”。	However, through the machinations of separatists and imperialist forces, the 14th Dalai Lama turned away from the basic discipline and ethics of Buddhism and betrayed the hopes the central government had placed in him, secretly engaging in separatist activities while feigning loyalty to the central government in public. In 1959, he and his supporters tore up the 17-Article Agreement, rejected the democratic reform of abolishing serfdom, and instigated a full-scale armed rebellion. The central government had already begun to see through this double-dealing. As Chairman Mao Zedong pointed out, "The Dalai Lama's plans to launch a rebellion started just after his return from Beijing in 1955. He prepared this rebellion for two years - from early 1957, when he returned from India, to 1958." In 1965, the 14th Dalai Lama spoke publicly about his feigned compliance during the nine years from 1951 to 1959, "We paid lip service to being glad to return to the motherland and to working together to build a socialist society, while we kept an unspoken faith in our heart - 'Tibet wants freedom and independence'."
——发动武装叛乱后，中央政府对十四世达赖仁至义尽，在一段时间内仍采取耐心等待的态度，但他在背叛祖国的道路上越走越远	- After the armed rebellion broke out, the central government showed extreme forbearance and waited for a time with an attitude of patience, but the 14th Dalai Lama went further and further down the road of dividing China.
西藏发生武装叛乱后，中国人民解放军在西藏各族人民的拥护和支持下，迅速平息了叛乱，同时开展了民主改革运动。对十四世达赖的叛逃，中央政府决定不加阻拦，并以其被劫持的说法，为其留有余地。同时，对他采取了耐心等待的态度，他的全国人大常委会副委员长职务一直保留到1964年。1959年10月，新中国领导人毛泽东在同印度共产党代表团谈话时说：“如果达赖赞成我们的主张，我们希望达赖回来。只要赞成两条，第一，西藏是中国的一部分，第二，在西藏要进行民主改革和社会主义改革，他就可以回来。”	With the support and cooperation of people of all the ethnic groups in Tibet, the PLA quickly put down the armed rebellion and enforced democratic reform. The central government decided not to prevent the 14th Dalai Lama from fleeing abroad, even allowing him some leeway by announcing that he had been abducted. The central authorities adopted an attitude of patience, and preserved his position as a vice-chairman of the NPC Standing Committee until 1964. In his talks with a delegation from the Indian Communist Party in October 1959, Chairman Mao Zedong said, "We will welcome the Dalai Lama's return if he accepts our two propositions. One is that Tibet is part of China and the other is that he will carry out democratic and socialist reform in Tibet."
然而，叛逃后的十四世达赖在叛国途中即公开撕毁《十七条协议》，矢口否认其曾经表示的爱国立场和作出的爱国承诺，公然与中央政府决裂，走上背叛国家和民族的道路。1959年6月，十四世达赖在印度穆索里发表声明，声称“西藏实际上一向是独立的”。1963年，十四世达赖在印度达兰萨拉召开“西藏人民代表大会”，成立所谓“西藏流亡政府”，颁布所谓“宪法”，规定“由达赖任国家元首”，“大臣由达赖任命”，“政府的一切工作均由达赖同意方被认可”。	However, the 14th Dalai Lama publicly abandoned the 17-Article Agreement during his defection and flatly denied his previous patriotic stance and his promise of loyalty to China. He openly broke with the central government, taking a path of betraying the Chinese nation. In June 1959, he issued a statement in Mussoorie, India, claiming that Tibet had in fact been an independent country. In 1963, he convened a "people's congress of Tibet" in Dharamsala, India, which established the "Tibetan government in exile." A so-called "constitution" was promulgated, which states that "the Dalai Lama is the head of state," "the ministers shall be appointed by the Dalai Lama," and "no work of the government shall be approved without the consent of the Dalai Lama."
1964年12月17日，中国国务院第151次全体会议通过《关于撤消达赖职务的决定》，指出：“达赖在1959年发动叛国的反革命武装叛乱，逃亡国外后，组织流亡伪政府，公布伪宪法，支持印度反动派对我国的侵略，并且积极组织和训练逃往国外的残余叛乱武装骚扰祖国边境。这一切证明他早已自绝于祖国和人民，是一个死心塌地为帝国主义和外国反动派作工具的叛国分子。”	On December 17, 1964, the 151st Plenary Meeting of the State Council adopted the Decision on the Removal of the Dalai Lama from His Official Positions, which stated, "After the Dalai Lama staged the treasonous armed rebellion in 1959, he fled abroad and organized a 'government-in-exile,' issued a bogus constitution, provided support for Indian aggression against Chinese territory, and engaged in the organization and training of remnants of Tibet's armed forces who had fled abroad with the object of attacking our borders. All this proves that he has alienated himself from the country and the people, and been reduced to a traitor working for imperialists and reactionaries abroad."
——中国改革开放后，中央政府为十四世达赖改正错误指明出路，提出了“爱国一家，爱国不分先后”的方针，但他始终围绕“西藏独立”兜圈子	- After the start of reform and opening up, the central government offered the 14th Dalai Lama an opportunity to repent his way by adopting the policy that "all patriots belong to one big family, whether they embrace patriotism earlier or later." But he chose to maintain his support for "Tibetan independence."
爱国是中央政府对十四世达赖和海外藏胞提出的一个基本要求。为增进十四世达赖和海外藏胞对祖国建设成就的了解，从1979年8月到1980年9月，中央政府有关部门接待了十四世达赖先后派出的三批参观团和两批亲属回国参观。十四世达赖在国外的大部分亲属曾回国参观、探亲。令人遗憾的是，十四世达赖非但没有接受中央的善意和提供的宝贵机遇，反而顽固坚持“藏独”立场，变本加厉地进行分裂破坏活动，丧失了与中央政府和解的时机。十四世达赖派出的回国参观团利用中央政府“来去自由”政策，四处鼓吹“西藏独立”，煽动民族仇恨，非法干扰和破坏社会正常的生产生活秩序。	Patriotism is a basic requirement of the central government raised on the 14th Dalai Lama and other overseas Tibetans. From August 1979 to September 1980, the relevant central government departments received three visiting delegations and two groups of relatives sent by the Dalai Lama. Most of the Dalai Lama's kin residing abroad have made return visits to China. Regretfully, the Dalai Lama did not draw on the goodwill of the central government. Instead, he stubbornly stuck to his stance and further intensified his separatist activities, wasting the valuable opportunity the central government had provided for reconciliation. In fact, the visiting groups sent by the Dalai Lama took advantage of the central government's policy of free movement in and out of the country to circulate and advocate independence, inciting hatred among ethnic groups, and disturbing and disrupting the social order.
从1979年开始，中央政府应十四世达赖方面的请求，开始不定期地与十四世达赖的私人代表进行接触商谈。1979年2月，中国领导人邓小平在接见十四世达赖的二哥嘉乐顿珠时就达赖回国问题指出，“西藏是中国的一部分，他们回国只能作为内部问题来谈，不能作为国家与国家对话，这是根本问题”。“只要达赖公开承认西藏是中国的一部分，就可以与中央对话，爱国不分先后。根本问题是西藏是中国的一部分，对与不对，要用这个标准来判断”。	Responding to a request from the 14th Dalai Lama, in 1979 the central government began to conduct talks with his private representatives on an irregular basis. In February 1979, in his meeting with Dalai Lama's elder brother Gyalo Thondup, Deng Xiaoping spoke about a possible return to China: "As Tibet is part of China, the discussion on their return is a domestic affair rather than a negotiation between countries. This is the fundamental principle... The central government is willing to talk with the Dalai Lama as long as he openly admits that Tibet is part of China. Anyone is welcome, whether he embraces patriotism earlier or later. Essentially Tibet is part of China. This is the criterion for judging right or wrong."
1989年后，随着苏联、东欧形势发生剧变，十四世达赖错误地估计形势，宣称“西藏独立的日子即将来临”，声称“不和一个即将垮台的政权谈判”。1989年十世班禅大师圆寂后，经中央政府同意，中国佛教协会邀请达赖回国参加班禅大师的追悼活动。十四世达赖拒绝了这次邀请。1993年，十四世达赖单方面宣布中断与中央政府的接触。1995年，十四世达赖公然否定历史定制和宗教仪轨，认定其所谓的十世班禅转世灵童。	Following the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe in 1989, the 14th Dalai Lama misread the situation and declared, "The time for Tibetan independence is coming," and committed "not to negotiate with a collapsing regime." In 1989, the 10th Panchen Erdeni passed away. With the approval of the central government, the Buddhist Association of China invited the Dalai Lama to attend the Panchen Erdeni's memorial ceremonies. But, he rejected the invitation. In 1993, he unilaterally decided to break off contact with the central government. In 1995, in defiance of the historical traditions and religious rites, he announced the so-called reincarnation of the 10th Panchen Erdeni.
即使如此，中央政府仍然向十四世达赖指明出路。1997年，中央政府指出：“只要达赖真正放弃分裂祖国的立场，停止分裂祖国的活动，公开承认西藏是中国不可分割的一部分，承认台湾是中国不可分割的一部分，承认中华人民共和国政府是代表全中国的唯一合法政府，就可以与达赖喇嘛就其个人前途问题进行接触商谈。”迄今为止，中央仍坚持这一基本原则。2003年，中央再次指出：在西藏要坚持中国共产党的领导，坚持社会主义制度，坚持民族区域自治制度。“三个坚持”是中国宪法明确规定的，是西藏最大的政治现实，也是接触商谈的根本政治原则。中央一再强调，接触商谈的两个基本点是：第一，接触的对象只能是达赖喇嘛的私人代表。“流亡政府”，不管名称如何变化，由谁掌管，都只是一个背叛祖国的分裂主义政治集团，代表不了西藏人民，没有任何合法性，没有任何同中央“对话”的资格。第二，接谈的内容只能是达赖喇嘛的个人前途问题，至多加上他身边个别人前途问题，也就是达赖喇嘛如何彻底放弃分裂主义主张和行为，争取中央和全国人民谅解，以解决其余生怎么办的问题，西藏的政治地位和政治制度是中国宪法和法律规定的，根本不可能讨论什么“西藏问题”、“高度自治”问题。	Nevertheless, the central government continued to offer solutions. In 1997, the central authorities stated, "The central government is willing to contact and negotiate with the 14th Dalai Lama over his own future as long as he genuinely abandons separatism and any activities likely to divide the country, and openly admits that Tibet and Taiwan are inalienable parts of China and that the government of the People's Republic of China is the only legitimate government representing China." The central government has continued to follow these basic principles to this day. In 2003, the central government made it clear that the leadership of the Communist Party, the socialist road and the system of regional ethnic autonomy should be upheld in Tibet. These are stipulated in the Constitution and are the paramount political facts in Tibet as well as the fundamental principles for contact and negotiation. The central government emphasized two premises for contact and negotiation. One is that the central government will only talk with private representatives of the Dalai Lama. No matter what it is called or who is in charge, the "government in exile" is essentially a separatist political group, cannot represent the people of Tibet, and does not have the legitimacy or qualifications to engage in talks with the central government. The other is that the talks are aimed at discussing the future of the Dalai Lama and some of his followers at most. To be specific, any negotiations will be limited to seeking solutions for the Dalai Lama to completely abandon separatist claims and activities and gain the forgiveness of the central government and the Chinese people, and to working out what he will do with the rest of his life. As the political status and system of Tibet is stipulated by the Chinese Constitution and laws, the "Tibet issue" and "a high degree of autonomy" are not up for discussion.
从1979年至2002年，中央政府13次接待十四世达赖的私人代表，2002年至2010年1月，又10次同意他们回国。然而，十四世达赖屡屡辜负中央期望，不但始终坚持“中间道路”那一套违反中国宪法、实质分裂祖国的主张，而且策划制造了暴力干扰北京奥运会、拉萨“3·14”事件和自焚事件等破坏活动。2011年，十四世达赖宣布政治“退休”，与中央政府接触的私人代表不久也宣布辞职。此后，十四世达赖集团公然宣称以所谓“政府”名义与中央政府进行谈判，公然破坏接触商谈基础，造成接触商谈无法进行。	The central government received 13 visits by private representatives of the 14th Dalai Lama between 1979 and 2002, and ten visits from 2002 to January 2010. To the disappointment of the central government, the Dalai Lama has remained committed to his "middle way," which runs counter to the Constitution and aims at splitting the country. Moreover, he has planned and instigated activities of sabotage, including violent disturbance during the Beijing Olympic Games, violence in Lhasa on March 14, 2008, and incidents of self-immolation. In 2011, the Dalai Lama announced his "political retirement," followed shortly by the announcement of "resignation" by his private representatives who had kept contact with the central government. Since then, the Dalai group has declared that it would only talk with the central government in the name of the "government-in-exile," thereby destroying any basis for contacts and negotiation, which have now been halted.
30多年来，十四世达赖集团根据国内外形势的变化，不断改变、调整策略，几次擅自终止与中央的接触商谈。当他们认为国内外形势对其不利时，就要求与中央进行接触；当他们认为国内外形势对其有利时，就中止与中央的接触。即使是在接触的过程中，他们也始终围绕“西藏独立”兜圈子，始终没有停止在国内外的分裂祖国活动。	Over the past 30 years and more, the Dalai Lama and his supporters have adjusted and altered their strategies along with changes in the national and international situation. They have unilaterally broken off contacts and negotiation with the central government on several occasions. When they thought the situation was working to their disadvantage, they would call for contacts with the central government; when they thought the situation was in their favor, they would break off these contacts. None of the negotiations were conducted in good faith - it was always the intention of the Dalai Lama and his supporters to divide China and achieve independence for Tibet.
中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会以来，以习近平同志为总书记的党中央再次重申，“中央对十四世达赖本人的政策是一贯的、明确的，达赖只有公开声明西藏自古以来就是中国不可分割的一部分，放弃‘西藏独立’的立场，停止分裂祖国的活动，才谈得上改善与中央的关系。”中央政府希望十四世达赖喇嘛在有生之年能够丢掉幻想，正视现实，改正错误，选择客观理性道路，为流亡海外的藏族同胞做些有益的事。	Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the central leadership led by President Xi Jinping has reiterated, "The central government has followed a clear and consistent policy towards the 14th Dalai Lama. Only when he makes a public statement acknowledging that Tibet has been an integral part of China since antiquity, and abandons his stance on independence and his attempts to divide China, can he improve his relationship with the central government in any real sense." The central government hopes that the Dalai Lama will put aside his illusions in his remaining years and face up to reality, adapt his position, choose the objective and rational path, and do something of benefit to overseas Tibetan compatriots in exile.
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