《中国性别平等与妇女发展》白皮书
White Paper: Gender Equality and Women's Development in China
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| 四、妇女与健康 | IV. Women and Health |
| 中国建立覆盖城乡的医疗卫生服务体系，增强疾病防治能力，扩大医疗保障覆盖人口，不断完善和健全妇幼健康法律政策和服务体系，大力实施妇幼卫生保健项目，提高妇幼卫生服务的公平性和可及性，妇女健康状况得到显著改善。 | China has set up a medical and health service system covering urban and rural areas, and has been working hard to enhance disease prevention and control capabilities, expand the overall coverage of medical insurance, improve laws and policies on maternal and child health as well as the service system in this regard, implement maternal and child healthcare programs, and endeavor to make maternal and child health services more equitable and accessible. As a result, women's health has significantly improved. |
| 建立较为完善的妇幼健康法律政策体系。制定、修订并实施《中华人民共和国母婴保健法》《中华人民共和国人口与计划生育法》等法律法规，出台一系列配套规章和规范性文件，使妇幼健康逐步实现了有法可依、依法管理、规范服务。把妇女健康指标纳入国家国民经济社会发展总体规划和专项规划，把妇幼保健作为国家基本公共服务的重点内容，把乳腺癌、宫颈癌医治纳入重大疾病医疗保障和医疗救助体系，提高妇女医疗保障水平。 | A relatively sound system of laws and policies on maternal and child health has been established. The state has enacted, revised and implemented the Law of the People's Republic of China on Maternal and Infant Health Care, the Law of the People's Republic of China on Population and Family Planning in addition to a number of other laws and regulations, and introduced a series of supporting regulations and normative documents, to provide a legal framework for maternal and child health work. The state has included women's health indicators in the overall plans and special plans of the national economy and social development, made maternal and child healthcare a key element of the provision of national basic public services, and incorporated medical treatment of breast and cervical cancers into the medical security and assistance system for major diseases, thus improving women's healthcare. |
| 构建具有中国特色的妇幼健康服务网络。中国已基本形成以妇幼保健机构为核心，以基层医疗卫生机构为基础，以大中型医疗机构和相关科研教学机构为技术支撑，覆盖城乡的妇幼保健服务网络。截至2014年底，全国共有妇幼保健机构3131个。完善基层妇幼卫生服务体系，为妇女提供全生命周期的保健服务。建立健全妇幼卫生年报系统和妇幼卫生监测网络。优化卫生资源配置，增加农村和边远地区妇幼卫生经费投入。加快妇幼卫生人才培养，加强妇幼保健机构人员配备。 | A network of maternal and child health services has been put in place. A network of maternal and child health services covering both urban and rural areas has taken shape in China, with maternity and child care institutions as the core, community-level health care institutions as the foundation, and large or medium-sized medical institutions and relevant research and teaching institutions as the support. By the end of 2014, there had been 3,131 maternity and child care institutions throughout the country. The state has worked hard to improve community-level maternal and child health services and managed to provide full life-cycle health services for women. The state has also established and improved a system of annual reporting on maternal and child health, and a monitoring network. It has optimized the allocation of health resources, and increased funding for maternal and child health in rural and remote areas. It has accelerated personnel training in this regard and strengthened staffing for those institutions. |
| 妇幼卫生服务的公平性和可及性进一步提高。实施基本公共卫生服务项目和妇幼重大公共卫生服务项目，提高孕产妇系统管理率，规范服务行为，改善服务质量，促进妇幼健康服务均等化。到2014年，90%的孕产妇享有基本公共卫生服务。实施农村孕产妇住院分娩补助重大项目，5712万名农村孕产妇受益。全国孕产妇住院分娩率由2000年的72.9%提高到2014年的99.6%，农村孕产妇住院分娩率由2000年的65.2%提高到2014年的99.4%。2009年启动实施农村妇女“两癌”免费检查项目，累计为4287万和613万农村妇女分别进行了宫颈癌和乳腺癌免费检查，救助贫困患病妇女31077人。实施预防艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴阻断重大项目，为6053万名孕产妇进行检查和治疗。开展“中国妇女健康行动”等不同类型的妇女健康项目，并支持社会组织开展形式多样的妇女健康促进活动。 | Maternal and child health services have become more equitable and accessible. The state has implemented basic public health service projects and major public health service projects on maternal and child health, doing all it can to improve the systematic management of pregnant and lying-in women, regulate service behavior, improve service quality, and make access to maternal and child health services more equal. By 2014, 90 percent of pregnant and lying-in women had access to basic public health services. The state has implemented major projects to subsidize hospital childbirths for rural pregnant and lying-in women, benefiting 57.12 million. The national hospital birth rate increased from 72.9 percent in 2000 to 99.6 percent in 2014, and the same rate in the countryside grew from 65.2 percent in 2000 to 99.4 percent in 2014. In 2009, the state launched a program of free cervical and breast cancer check-ups for rural women, providing free cervical cancer check-up for 42.87 million and free breast cancer check-up for 6.13 million, in addition to extending medical treatment to 31,077 women having financial difficulties. The state has carried out major projects on AIDS, syphilis and hepatitis B, preventing mother-to-child transmission; 60.53 million pregnant women have benefited from the examination or treatment. It has also held women's health programs such as the Chinese Women's Health Initiative, while extending support to social organizations in organizing various forms of activities promoting women's health. |
| 妇女生殖保健服务进一步加强。保障妇女在整个生命周期享有良好的生殖保健服务，开展妇女病普查普治，提供青春期保健和老年期保健服务。落实计划生育免费技术服务政策，推进避孕方法知情选择，减少非意愿妊娠。持续打击和查处非医学需要的胎儿性别鉴定和选择性别的人工终止妊娠行为。为流动妇女提供健康教育、预防接种、孕产妇保健等基本公共卫生服务，积极推进流动人口计划生育基本公共服务均等化试点。 | Reproductive health services for women have been further strengthened. The state guarantees that women enjoy good reproductive health services throughout the life cycle, such as conducting general surveillance and treatment of gynecological diseases, and providing adolescent and old-age healthcare. It has implemented the policy of free technical services for family planning, promoted informed choice of contraceptive methods and reduced unintentional pregnancies. It has kept investigating and preventing fetal sex identification for non-medical needs and sex-selective pregnancy termination. It has provided health education, vaccination, maternal health care and other basic public health services for women in the floating population, and has launched pilot programs to ensure equal access to family planning and other basic public services by women in the floating population. |
| 妇女健康水平进一步提高。妇女平均预期寿命延长，2010年达到77.4岁，比2000年提高4.1岁。孕产妇死亡率大幅降低，由1990年的88.8／10万下降到2014年的21.7／10万，提前实现联合国千年发展目标。城乡和地区间孕产妇死亡率差距进一步缩小，孕产妇死亡率城乡差距由2000年的2.4倍缩小为2014年的1.08倍；2000年西部地区孕产妇死亡率是东部地区的5.4倍，2014年缩小到2.6倍。中国被世界卫生组织列为妇幼健康高绩效的10个国家之一。 | Women's health has further improved. Women's average life expectancy grew to 77.4 years in 2010, an increase of 4.1 years over 2000. The maternal mortality rate has fallen significantly, from 88.8 per 100,000 in 1990 to 21.7 per 100,000 in 2014, meaning that China has achieved the United Nations Millennium Development Goals ahead of time. The gap in maternal mortality rate between urban and rural areas and between different regions has been further narrowed: The rural-urban gap decreased from a factor of 2.4 in 2000 to 1.08 in 2014. In 2000, the maternal mortality rate of western China was 5.4 times that of eastern China; the figure dropped to 2.6 times in 2014. The World Health Organization lists China as one of the 10 countries with high performance in maternal and child health. |
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