2016年国民经济和社会发展计划报告（全文）
Full text: Report on China's economic, social development plan (2016)
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| 三、2016年经济社会发展的主要任务 | III. Major Tasks for Economic and Social Development in 2016 |
| 2016年，将紧紧围绕适应引领经济新常态、贯彻落实发展新理念，重点推进9方面工作，确保“十三五”开好局、起好步。 | In 2016, with the focus on adapting to and guiding the new normal in economic development and applying the new development philosophy, we will carry out work in the following nine areas to ensure a good start to the 13th Five-Year Plan: |
| （一）推进供给侧结构性改革重点任务。调既有存量、改造提升传统动能，扩有效增量、培育发展新动能，提高供给结构的适应性和灵活性，增强持续增长动力。 | 1. Making progress in major tasks for supply-side structural reform We will adjust existing resources so as to upgrade traditional drivers for development, while also incorporating additional effective resources so as to foster new drivers; at the same time, we will make the supply structure more adaptable and flexible with a view to increasing the impetus for sustainable growth. |
| 一是积极稳妥化解过剩产能。更加注重运用市场机制、经济手段、法治办法，更加注重分类有序、因地施策、因业施策、因企施策，更加注重标本兼治、建立市场化产能调节长效机制。实行严格的环保、能耗、安全、技术标准，严控增量，严肃财经、信贷纪律，分类推进企业兼并重组、债务和解、破产重整乃至破产清算，积极稳妥处置长期亏损、失去清偿能力和市场竞争力的企业。加大财税、金融、土地等政策支持，促进钢铁、煤炭等行业脱困和转型升级，把职工安置作为化解产能过剩工作的重中之重，中央设立专项奖补资金，重点用于职工分流安置。 | 1) We will actively and steadily address overcapacity. We will put greater emphasis on making use of market forces, economic measures and rule of law approaches; on applying targeted policies tailored to local conditions and specific industries and enterprises in an orderly fashion; and on addressing both the symptoms and root causes of overcapacity by establishing a permanent market-based mechanism for adjusting enterprises' production capacity. We will adopt strict standards for environmental protection, energy consumption, safety, and technology; tighten control on the expansion of production capacity; enforce strict financial and credit rules; work with enterprises on a case-by-case basis to carry out mergers, reorganizations, debt restructuring, or bankruptcy through reorganization or liquidation; and actively yet prudently deal with enterprises that have long been indebted, insolvent, and uncompetitive. We will increase support through fiscal, tax, financial, and land policies to help turn around and upgrade the steel, coal, and other industries. When addressing the issue of overcapacity, priority will be given to ensuring proper arrangements are made for workers who are laid off, and funds for rewards and subsidies will be set up to ensure they are resettled and provided with employment. |
| 二是努力降低企业成本。开展降低实体经济企业成本行动，着力降低制度性交易成本、人工成本、税费负担、融资成本、用能用地成本、物流成本，研究降低社会保险费。精简涉企审批事项和办事程序，推进企业管理创新。合理把握最低工资标准提高幅度。进一步正税清费，实行涉企收费目录清单管理，全面推开营改增，加快资源税改革，研究精简归并“五险一金”，完善住房公积金制度，适当降低企业住房公积金缴存比例。深化利率市场化改革，发展股权融资，扩大债券发行规模，稳步降低企业综合融资成本。加快电力、热力、石油、天然气等体制机制改革。推进流通体制改革。 | 2) We will work to lower business costs. We should cut the cost of operating for enterprises in the real economy, working hard to reduce transaction costs imposed by government, labor costs, the tax burden, financing costs, energy costs, land-use expenses, and logistics costs, and we will also explore the possibility of reducing social insurance premiums. We will streamline the government review and approval process as well as related procedures for enterprises, and help them make innovations in management. We will raise minimum wages by a reasonable amount. We will continue to revise and streamline taxes and fees; draw up lists and catalogs to manage all fees and charges relating to enterprises; replace business tax with VAT in all industries; accelerate reform of the resource tax; and research the feasibility of streamlining and consolidating old-age insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, workers' compensation, maternity insurance, and the housing provident fund. Improvements will be made to the housing provident fund system and the proportion that enterprises contribute to the fund will be reduced by an appropriate amount. We will further liberalize interest rates, develop equity financing, increase the issuance of bonds, and steadily reduce overall financing costs for enterprises. We will accelerate structural reform of the electricity, heat, petroleum, and natural gas industries, and advance reform of the commodity distribution system. |
| 三是有序化解商品房库存。推进以满足新市民住房需求为主的住房制度改革，合理降低交易成本，鼓励农民工在中小城市购房，落实好首次购房优惠政策。培育发展住房租赁市场，鼓励自然人和各类机构投资者购买库存商品房，扩大租赁市场房源。提高棚户区改造以及其他房屋征收项目货币化安置比例，实施公租房货币化。用足用好住房公积金，把有能力有意愿的个体工商户和农民工逐步纳入住房公积金体制。 | 3) We will reduce commodity housing stock in a well-ordered way. In carrying out reform of the housing system, we will focus on meeting the demand of new urban residents by appropriately lowering transaction costs, encouraging rural migrant workers to purchase homes in small and medium-sized cities, and implementing policies to provide incentives for first-time home buyers. In order to develop the housing rental market, we will encourage both individuals and investors from various types of institutions to purchase commodity housing stock so as to increase the supply of rental housing. We will expand the use of direct monetary housing subsidies for people displaced by the rebuilding of run-down areas and other housing requisition projects, and also provide subsidies for people living in public rental housing. We will ensure efficient use of the housing provident fund, and gradually allow self-employed people and rural migrant workers, who have adequate financial resources, to participate in the housing provident fund scheme on a voluntary basis. |
| 四是着力补齐短板。把脱贫攻坚同扩大有效供给、化解过剩产能有机结合起来，打好脱贫攻坚战。支持企业技术改造和设备更新。推动制造业高端化、智能化、绿色化、服务化，采用先进制造产业投资基金注资、股权投资、投资补助等方式，集中实施一批工程化、产业化示范项目，培育发展新兴产业。补齐软硬基础设施短板。以综合交通枢纽建设为核心，加快“最后一公里”水电气路、新一代信息基础设施、新能源汽车基础设施、城市地下管网、储气调峰设施、城际交通基础设施互联互通、城乡物流基础设施网络、生态保护和环境治理等建设。推动交通物流融合发展，提升综合效率和效益。全面加强教育事业，加快推进中西部教育发展，加强对农民工、职业农民、退役军人和下岗失业人员的培训。实施山水林田湖生态保护和修复工程，加大环境治理力度，改革环境治理基础制度，增强生态保护和环境治理能力，筑牢生态安全屏障。 | 4) We will work to strengthen points of weakness. In a bid to win the battle against poverty, we will integrate the task of poverty alleviation with the tasks of increasing effective supply and addressing overcapacity. We will support the upgrading of equipment and technology in enterprises. We will see to it that manufacturing becomes higher-end, smarter, more eco-friendly, and better able to provide services; and with the aim of fostering and developing emerging industries, we will use measures such as injecting capital into the investment fund for advanced manufacturing, making equity investments, and subsidizing investment to finance the implementation of a number of demonstration programs that are project-oriented and industry-specific. We will also work to reinforce points of weakness in our hard and soft infrastructure. With the focus on developing integrated transportation hubs, we will step up efforts to extend water, power, and gas supply networks and roads to every "last kilometer" in rural areas; develop next-generation information infrastructure, new-energy vehicle facilities, urban underground pipeline networks, gas storage facilities, intercity transportation infrastructure, and urban and rural logistics networks; and promote ecological protection and environmental improvement. We will promote integrated development of transportation and logistics infrastructure so as to improve their overall efficiency and returns. We will comprehensively develop education, speed up efforts to promote education in the central and western regions, and strengthen training for rural migrant workers, commercial farmers, former military personnel, laid-off workers, and the unemployed. We will protect and restore mountain, water, forest, and farmland ecosystems, step up environmental governance efforts, reform the foundational systems for environmental governance, increase our capacity to conserve ecosystems and improve the environment, and build ecological security shields. |
| 五是防范化解金融等风险。加强经济运行监测预警和政策预研储备，创新和完善宏观调控方式，提高风险预测防范能力，保持经济运行在合理区间，确保发展的连续性和稳定性。加强金融宏观审慎管理制度建设，全方位监管系统重要性金融机构、金融控股公司和重要金融基础设施，健全前瞻性金融风险监测、评估和应对机制，完善股市、汇市、债市风险处置预案和金融机构退出机制，支持银行核销处置不良贷款，有序释放信用违约风险，规范各类融资行为，开展互联网金融风险专项整治，加大金融诈骗、非法集资打击力度，坚决守住不发生系统性区域性风险底线。着力缓解财政收支矛盾，完善地方政府债务限额管理、预算管理、风险预警和监督考核制度，完善全口径政府债务管理，改进地方政府债券发行办法。加强对实体经济的支持，防止企业“三角债”、资金链断裂放大蔓延。落实好援企稳岗、社保补贴、税费减免等政策，加大再就业支持力度。加强和创新社会治理，深入排查和调处化解社会矛盾，维护社会和谐稳定。 | 5) We will guard against and defuse financial and other risks. In order to keep the economy operating within an appropriate range and ensure the continuity and stability of development, we will improve the monitoring and early-warning system for economic performance, conduct preparatory research to maintain policy options for different eventualities, create new methods of macro regulation and improve existing ones, and increase our capacity for predicting and guarding against risks. We will strengthen the system for macro-prudential financial regulation, comprehensively oversee and regulate systemically important financial institutions, financial holding companies, and key financial infrastructures. We will set up sound anticipatory mechanisms for monitoring, assessing, and responding to financial risks, and improve contingency plans for handling the risks in the stock market, foreign exchange market, and bond market as well as the mechanism for financial institutions exiting the market. We will support banks in writing off nonperforming loans and systematically reduce credit default risks. We will regulate all financing activities; launch a campaign to address risks related to Internet finance; crack down harder on financial fraud and illegal fundraising; and work to ensure that no systemic or regional financial risks occur. To ease the imbalance between revenue and expenditures, we will better regulate the ceilings imposed on local government debt, improve budgetary management, and advance the systems for giving early warning against risks and for the assessment and oversight of debt. We will also improve the unified management of government debt and the way in which local government bonds are issued. We will increase support for the real economy, and prevent the aggravation and spread of debt chains and broken chains of funding among enterprises. We will implement policies to support enterprises in keeping employment stable, subsidize enterprises' contribution to social insurance premiums, and reduce taxes and fees, while also increasing support for reemployment. We will improve and innovate social governance and intensify efforts to identify, mediate, and defuse social conflicts so as to ensure social harmony and stability. |
| （二）用新思路新举措深挖内需潜力。有效发挥消费基础作用和投资关键作用，进一步夯实内需基础，保持经济运行在合理区间。 | 2. Tapping the potential of domestic demand with new ideas and measures |
| 一是推动新消费引领新供给形成新动力。顺应居民消费结构升级趋势，着力推进供给创新，加快形成消费和供给良性互动、需求升级和产业升级协调共进的格局。2016年社会消费品零售总额预期增长11%左右。第一，千方百计提高居民消费能力。着力增加中低收入者收入。落实有利于科技成果转移转化的分配政策。健全促进农民增收机制，探索完善土地增值收益在国家和集体之间的分配机制。第二，大力培育和拓展消费热点。稳定住房和汽车等大宗消费。提高网速、降低网费，加快线上线下融合，支持可穿戴设备、智能家居、数字媒体等信息消费。培育新型服务消费，切实落实带薪年休假制度，发展乡村旅游、红色旅游、生态旅游、研学旅行，有序拓展“老幼”两端消费，扩大和引导文化消费。发展通用航空、邮轮游艇等时尚消费。倡导有利于节约资源、改善环境的绿色消费。充分释放农村消费潜力。第三，扩大有效供给释放潜在消费。鼓励支持地方和企业加大宽带乡村、中小城市信息基础设施、民用空间基础设施等建设力度，推动旅游基础设施和服务设施建设。支持发展城市文化娱乐综合体，推动社会力量举办的大型体育场馆免费或低费开放。丰富健康、家庭、养老、长期护理、文化创意等服务和产品供给。第四，改善消费环境。全面提高标准化水平，健全消费者权益保护机制。开展改善消费品供给专项行动，建立商品质量惩罚性赔偿制度。完善消费品进口关税等相关政策。实施食品安全战略，建立健全食品安全标准和追溯体系。提高药品质量。加强价格监管和反垄断执法，维护市场竞争秩序。 | We will effectively promote both the fundamental role of consumer spending and the key role of investment in stimulating growth and further consolidate the foundation of domestic demand, thereby ensuring that the economy operates within an appropriate range. 1) We will promote consumer spending in new areas and guide new forms of supply to create new drivers of growth. In keeping pace with the upgrading of the private consumption mix, we will work to promote innovation in supply, thereby accelerating the formation of a pattern of positive interaction between consumption and supply and of coordination between the upgrade in demand and the upgrade in industry. Total retail sales of consumer goods are expected to increase by around 11% in 2016. First, we will use all possible measures to enhance people's ability to consume. We will work to increase the incomes of low- and middle-income groups. We will implement an income distribution policy that is conducive to the commoditization and application of scientific and technological advances. We will improve the mechanism for stimulating the growth of rural income, and explore ways to improve the mechanism for distributing revenues from the appreciation in land values between collectives and the state. Second, we will nurture and expand new areas of consumer spending. We will keep housing, vehicle, and other major consumption stable. We will boost broadband speeds, lower rates for Internet services, and speed up efforts to combine online-offline activities, while also working to expand consumption in areas such as wearable devices, smart homes, and digital media. We will develop new forms of consumption in relation to services; effectively implement the system of paid vacations; develop rural tourism, tourism to sites of significance in early CPC history, ecological tourism, as well as travel for study; expand consumption by the elderly and the young in an orderly manner; and expand and guide cultural consumption. At the same time as we develop general aviation, cruise liners, yachts, and other emerging areas of consumption, we will also advocate green consumption that helps conserve resources and improve the environment. We will unleash the potential for consumption in rural areas. Third, we will increase effective supply and unleash potential consumer demand. We will encourage and support local governments and enterprises in intensifying their efforts to extend broadband connectivity to rural villages, develop information infrastructure in small and medium-sized cities as well as civil space infrastructure, and promote the development of tourism infrastructure and public service facilities. We will support the development of cultural entertainment complexes in cities, and help open large stadiums and gymnasiums funded by nongovernmental investors to the public free of charge or at a lower price. We will provide more products and services related to health, household, elderly care, long-term care, and cultural and creative industries. Fourth, we will improve the consumption environment. We will improve the level of standardization in all industries and improve the mechanism for protecting consumers' rights and interests. We will launch campaigns to improve the supply of consumer goods, and introduce a system of punitive damages against producers whose products do not meet quality standards. We will improve policies related to tariffs on consumer goods. We will implement the food safety strategy, and establish sound systems for food safety standards and for ensuring product traceability. We will improve drug quality. We will tighten oversight of prices and step up efforts to counter monopolistic pricing to safeguard fair market competition. |
| 二是着力补短板、调结构、提高投资的有效性。牢牢抓住关键领域和薄弱环节，创新政府性资金使用方式，充分发挥中央预算内投资、专项建设基金“四两拨千斤”的引导带动作用，着力补短板，扩大有效投资。2016年全社会固定资产投资预期增长10.5%左右。第一，进一步优化用好预算内投资。中央预算内投资拟安排5000亿元，重点支持保障性安居工程、粮食水利、中西部铁路、科技创新、节能环保和生态建设、教育卫生文化等社会事业、老少边贫地区建设等。第二，充分发挥专项建设基金带动作用。按季度安排市场化方式筹措的专项建设基金，保持适度规模。积极推动社会资本跟进，发挥投贷结合效应。加大企业债券发行力度，鼓励发行城市地下综合管廊、停车场、战略性新兴产业、养老产业、配电网建设改造、双创孵化、绿色债券等企业债券创新品种。第三，组织编制三年滚动投资计划。切实加强政府投资项目储备，做到储备报批一批、开工建设一批、投产达标一批，形成接续不断、滚动实施的储备机制和良性循环。第四，着力激活社会投资。统筹安排中央预算内投资和专项建设基金，优先支持符合投向的政府和社会资本合作（PPP）项目建设。进一步放宽市场准入，拓宽社会资本投资渠道。加快出台政府投资条例、基础设施和公用事业特许经营条例、企业投资项目核准和备案管理条例。第五，加强关键领域薄弱环节重大工程建设。着力推进脱贫攻坚、棚户区改造、农村电网和城镇配电网改造、重大水利工程、铁路、公路、城市轨道交通、重点流域水污染治理和企业技术改造等“十三五”重点专项和重大项目建设。新开工20项重大水利工程。实施交通“一二三百”、西北风光电基地和军民融合重大战略工程。加强投资管理，加大项目监督稽察力度。 | 2) We will strengthen points of weakness, adjust the economic structure, and improve the performance of investment. While ensuring investment in key areas and for weak links, we will innovate the way in which government-managed funds are used, and use central government budgetary investment and special development funds to attract more investment from non-governmental sources. We will also intensify efforts to shore up weak spots and increase effective investment. Total fixed-asset investment is projected to increase by around 10.5% in 2016. First, we will further improve the use of budgetary investment. Appropriation for investment in the central government budget this year is planned to be 500 billion yuan. This investment will mainly go toward government-subsidized housing; grain production and water conservancy; railway construction in the central and western regions; scientific and technological innovation; energy conservation, environmental protection, and ecological improvement; education, health, culture, and other social programs; as well as toward the development of old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas, and poor areas. Second, we will give full play to the leading role of special development funds. An appropriate amount of capital will be raised in a market-based manner for special development funds on a quarterly basis. We will encourage nongovernmental capital to increase in step with government development funds, so that government investment and credit funds can produce positive results together. Corporate bonds issuance will be expanded and the issuance of new-type corporate bonds will be encouraged, such as those for developing urban utility tunnels, parking lots, strategic emerging industries, and elderly care services, for building and upgrading power distribution grids, for supporting entrepreneurship and innovation incubators, and for launching eco-friendly initiatives. Third, we will develop an investment plan on a rolling three-year basis. We will build up the number of government investment projects in reserve so that rolling groups of projects can be approved, launched, and completed one after another; such a continuous, rolling reserve mechanism will help to maintain a beneficial cycle of government investment. Fourth, we will work to stimulate nongovernmental investment. We will make overall arrangements for investment funds from the central government budget and special development funds, giving priority to developing PPP projects that are in line with government criteria. We will also further relax restrictions on market access to open up more channels for private investment. The formulation of the regulations on government investment, the regulations on franchising of infrastructure and public utilities, and the regulations concerning the management of investment projects that are subject to government review and reporting will all be accelerated. Fifth, we will strengthen major construction projects in key areas and areas of weakness. We will increase efforts to press ahead with the key projects in the 13th Five-Year Plan as well as other major projects, such as those to reduce poverty; rebuild run-down areas; upgrade rural power grids and urban power distribution grids; develop major water conservancy projects, railways, highways, and urban rail transit facilities; control water pollution in key water basins; and promote technological upgrading in enterprises. Construction will begin on 20 major water conservancy projects. We will launch major strategic projects including the 100-200-300 Transportation Program, the project to develop wind and photovoltaic power bases in northwestern China, and the project to promote military-civilian integration. We will strengthen management in relation to investments and tighten the supervision and inspection of projects. |
专栏14：交通“一二三百”工程。 | Box 14: The 100-200-300 Transportation Program |
| （三）加大重要领域和关键环节改革力度。抓紧推出一批具有重大牵引作用的改革举措，更加注重制度供给，不断释放市场活力。 | 3. Channeling more effort into reforms in major areas and in relation to key issues To ensure that market vitality remains constant, we will promptly introduce a range of measures aimed at leading reform efforts and put more focus on the efficiency of institutional supply. |
| 一是推动简政放权放管结合优化服务向纵深发展。继续取消和下放一批行政审批事项，增强放权的协同性。全面公布地方政府权力和责任清单，开展国务院部门权责清单编制试点，在部分地区试行市场准入负面清单制度。推进综合执法和大数据监管，运用市场、信用、法治等手段协同监管。加快推进社会信用体系建设，拓展全国信用信息共享平台覆盖范围和服务功能，强化守信联合激励和失信联合惩戒机制。全面实施统一社会信用代码制度，推进“三证合一”、“一照一码”，开展“证照分离”试点。加快实施公共资源交易市场化改革，整合建立统一的公共资源交易平台。改进政府服务方式，推广“互联网+政务服务”，实现部门间数据共享，加快推进行政审批标准化建设。推动不动产统一登记制度在基层落地实施。 | 1) We will intensify efforts to streamline administration, delegate more powers, improving regulation, and provide better services. We will continue to delegate the power of or cancel the requirement for government review on more items and ensure that the delegation of powers is better coordinated. We will make the lists of all local governments' powers and responsibilities available to the public, carry out trials for compiling lists of powers and responsibilities of departments under the State Council, and begin trials to use a negative list for market access in certain regions. We will press ahead with coordinated law enforcement and oversight using big data, and coordinate oversight through market, credit, and legal measures. We will move faster to set up a credit rating system, expand the scope and services of the platform for sharing information on credit nationwide, and strengthen the mechanism to give joint incentives to those who act in good faith and to take joint punitive actions against those who act in bad faith. We will implement a national unified system of credit rating codes; press ahead with the reform to replace the separate business license, organization code certificate, and taxation registration certificate with a unified business license with a unified social credit code; and conduct trials to separate operating permits and business licenses. We will speed up the reform of making the trade of public resources more market-based, and establish a unified trading platform by integrating existing ones. We will improve the way in which the government provides public services, expand Internet Plus government services, promote better information sharing between government departments, and move faster to standardize government review and approval. We will ensure a unified registration system for immovable property is implemented at community level. |
| 二是推进投融资体制改革。创新投资管理方式和投融资机制，进一步精简投资审批，减少、整合和规范报建审批事项，完善投资项目在线审批监管平台，建立新型企业投资项目并联核准制度。健全政银企社合作对接机制，推广特许经营等政府和社会资本合作（PPP）模式，推进社会资本参与重大工程建设运营。 | 2) We will deepen reform of the investment and financing systems. We will make innovations in investment management and create new mechanisms for investment and financing; further streamline investment approval procedures; reduce, combine, and regulate the items required for a construction project when applying for government approval; improve the online platform for reviewing, approving, and monitoring investment projects; and put in place a new system for carrying out the combined review and approval of investment projects for enterprises. We will improve the mechanism for facilitating cooperation between the government, banks, enterprises, and nongovernmental investors, and promote application of PPP models such as franchise operations to encourage nongovernmental capital's participation in the development and operation of major government projects. |
| 三是深化价格机制改革。推动放开电力、石油天然气、交通运输等领域竞争性环节价格。扩大输配电价改革试点范围，完善环保电价政策。完善成品油价格形成机制。推进医疗服务价格改革。稳步推进农业水价综合改革。建立健全市场价格行为规则，加强市场价格行为监管，规范价格收费秩序。 | 3) We will deepen reform of prices. We will work to lift pricing controls over competitive areas in the power, petroleum, natural gas, and transportation industries. We will extend to more areas the trial price reform for electricity transmission and distribution, and improve the policy for adjusting prices for electricity generated by environmentally friendly facilities. We will improve the pricing mechanism for refined oil products. We will steadily advance reform of medical service prices. Comprehensive reform of the pricing for water used in agriculture will be carried out. We will establish sound rules for market prices, strengthen price oversight, and safeguard order in relation to prices and fees. |
| 四是打好国有企业改革攻坚战。加快改组组建国有资本投资、运营公司。推进国有企业混合所有制改革，在铁路、民航、电信、军工等重点领域，选择一批国有企业开展混合所有制改革试点示范。推进电力、石油天然气、盐业体制改革。出台进一步完善产权保护制度的意见。 | 4) We will meet head-on the most difficult problems related to SOE reform. We will step up efforts to reorganize or establish state capital investment companies and operating companies. We will reform SOEs by introducing a mixed ownership structure, and begin trials and demonstrations in key industries such as railway, civil aviation, telecommunications, and defense. We will carry out structural reform of the power, petroleum, natural gas, and salt industries. We will promulgate guidelines on further improving the property rights system. |
| 五是加快财税体制改革。出台实施中央与地方事权和支出责任划分的指导意见。提高中央国有资本经营预算调入一般公共预算的比例。将建筑业、房地产业、金融业和生活服务业纳入营改增范围，实行不动产进项税抵扣，确保所有行业税负只减不增。全面实施资源税从价计征改革，推进消费税和环境保护税改革，逐步推进综合与分类相结合的个人所得税改革。 | 5) We will accelerate reform of the fiscal and tax systems. We will introduce guidelines on appropriately dividing powers and spending responsibilities between the central and local governments. We will increase the percentage of funds transferred from the central government budget for state capital operations to the general public budget. We will expand the reform to replace business tax with VAT to the construction, real estate, financial, and consumer service industries, and make the input VAT on enterprises' new immovable property deductible, so as to ensure that the tax burden on all industries can be reduced rather than increased. We will implement reform to levy the price-based resource tax on all resource products, advance reform of the excise tax and the environmental protection tax, and steadily carry out reform of personal income tax that is based on adjusted gross income as well as specific types of income. |
| 六是推进金融体制改革。丰富金融机构体系，深化国有商业银行和开发性、政策性金融机构改革，继续推进民营银行常态化发展。发展普惠金融，着力加强对中小微企业、农村特别是贫困地区金融服务。促进和规范新型金融业态健康发展。稳步推进人民币资本项目可兑换。推动多层次资本市场健康发展。完善金融监管制度。建立巨灾保险制度。 | 6) We will advance financial reform. We will diversify the system of financial institutions; deepen reform of state-owned commercial banks, developmental financial institutions, and policy-backed financial institutions; and continue to conventionalize the establishment of private banks. We will develop inclusive finance to increase financial services for micro, small, and medium-sized businesses as well as for rural areas, paying particular attention to poor areas. We will promote the sound, well-regulated development of new forms of business in the financial sector. We will take steady steps to realize RMB capital account convertibility. We will promote the sound development of a multi-level capital market and improve the system for financial oversight and regulation. A catastrophe insurance system will be established. |
| 同时，继续深化民生领域和社会事业相关改革，推进教育、养老、文化、医药卫生体制改革，推动空域管理体制改革。 | In addition, we will continue to deepen reform in areas related to people's wellbeing and social programs, including reform of the education, elderly care, cultural, medical, and health care systems and reform of the airspace management system. |
| （四）实施创新驱动发展战略。贯彻创新发展理念，全面落实创新驱动发展战略纲要，深入开展大众创业、万众创新，深化科技体制改革，扩资源、拓空间、优环境，激发全社会特别是企业的创新创业创造活力和潜力。 | 4. Implementing the innovation-driven development strategy In pursuing innovative development, we will fully implement the strategy for innovation-driven development, deepen efforts to promote entrepreneurship and innovation across society, and deepen reform of the science and technology management system. We will expand the resources, increase the space, and improve the environment for stimulating the enthusiasm and potential for innovation and entrepreneurship across all sectors of society, particularly enterprises. |
| 一是增加创新资源供给。推进国家重大科技基础设施和国家实验室、产业创新中心建设，依托重大科技基础设施集聚区域建设综合性国家科学中心，实施一批新的重大科技项目和工程。系统推进全面创新改革试验，组织实施创新企业百强工程。 | 1) We will increase the supply of resources for innovation. We will promote the development of major national science and technology infrastructure and national laboratories and industrial innovation centers. Comprehensive national science centers will be established in areas with a concentration of major science and technology infrastructure, and a new group of major science and technology programs and projects will be launched. We will systematically conduct pilot reforms for all-round innovation, and organize the implementation of the project to develop 100 top innovative enterprises. |
| 二是加快实施双创行动计划。推动建设若干双创示范基地，进一步打造众创众包众扶众筹支撑平台，大力发展创客空间和专业化众创空间。发展分享经济。鼓励地方和大企业设立创投基金、创业创新平台、科技创新中心等。重点扶持一批创业孵化、创业辅导、公共服务等平台。推进“互联网+”行动，实施大数据开放创新工程。建设高速、移动、安全、泛在的新一代信息基础设施，深入实施信息惠民工程，完善电信普遍服务机制。建设网上丝绸之路。继续办好双创活动周，再打造一批双创活动品牌。 | 2) We will accelerate the implementation of the action plan for entrepreneurship and innovation. We will help to establish more entrepreneurship and innovation demonstration centers; create more platforms to support crowd innovation, crowdsourcing, crowd support, and crowdfunding; and develop maker spaces, particularly spaces for specialized crowd innovation. We will develop the sharing economy. Local authorities and large corporations will be encouraged to establish venture capital, entrepreneurship and innovation platforms, and science and technology innovation centers. We will focus on supporting the development of platforms for business incubation, start-up assistance, and public services for start-ups and innovation. We will move forward with the Internet Plus action plan and the innovation project to promote open, big data. We will put in place high-speed, mobile, secure, and ubiquitous next-generation information infrastructure, intensify efforts to implement information technology development projects that benefit the general public, and improve the mechanisms for providing universal service in telecommunications. The Online Silk Road Agenda will be initiated. We will continue to make the National Week for Entrepreneurship and Innovation a success and support the development of more events that are geared toward promoting entrepreneurship and innovation. |
| 三是大力发展战略性新兴产业。抓紧布局支撑战略性新兴产业发展的基础设施、公共资源库和全球创新网络，在高性能集成电路、新型显示、空间技术应用、通用航空、生物医药等战略性领域再布局一批重大项目和工程。设立国家战略性产业发展基金，开展融资风险补偿试点，推进战略性新兴产业区域集聚发展。 | 3) We will develop strategic emerging industries. We will promptly make overall arrangements for developing infrastructure, public resource repositories, and global innovation networks to underpin the development of strategic emerging industries. We will carry out additional major programs and projects in strategically important fields such as high-performance integrated circuits, new-type displays, space technology applications, general aviation, and biomedicine. A national development fund for strategic industries will be established, trials will be carried out to provide protection against financing risks, and we will promote the development of strategic emerging industry clusters. |
| 四是增强制造业核心竞争力。深入实施“中国制造2025”。围绕重点领域关键环节努力突破核心技术并实现产业化。加快发展制造业智能化技术装备。推动轨道交通、新能源汽车、医药、石化、煤化工、食品等产业健康发展。开展质量品牌提升行动，加强质量基础建设。 | 4) We will improve the core competitiveness of the manufacturing sector. We will deepen efforts to implement the Made in China 2025 strategy. With a focus on major areas and key issues, we will strive to make breakthroughs in core technologies and ensure the industrial application of these technologies. We will accelerate development of smart manufacturing technology and equipment, and promote the sound development of rail transit, new energy vehicles, pharmaceuticals, petrochemical, coal chemicals, and food industries. We will carry out activities to improve quality and branding within the manufacturing sector, and strengthen the national quality infrastructure of China. |
| 五是加快推动服务业优质高效发展。落实加快发展生产性服务业、生活性服务业的两个指导意见，进一步放宽服务业市场准入，营造公平竞争的环境，推动生产性服务业向专业化转变、向价值链高端延伸，推动生活性服务业加快向精细化和高品质提升。实施高技术服务业创新工程。启动新一轮国家服务业综合改革试点，及时推广可复制的经验和做法。 | 5) We will accelerate the high-quality, efficient development of the service sector. In accordance with the two guidelines in relation to accelerating the development of producer services and consumer services, we will further relax controls for market access in the service sector, level the playing field, and ensure that producer service industries become more specialized and move toward the higher end of the value chain while consumer service industries produce more refined and higher-quality products. Innovation will be promoted in high-tech service industries. Another group of national trials for comprehensive reform in the service sector will be carried out, from which transferable experiences and applicable practices will be promptly spread to other areas. |
| 六是完善鼓励创新发展的政策和环境。落实研发费用加计扣除，完善高新技术企业、科技企业孵化器等税收优惠政策，建立新材料、关键零部件首批次应用保险费补偿机制。推进高校、科研院所改革，制定科研人员兼职或离岗创业、职务发明等相关规定，形成鼓励创业创新的收入分配机制。 | 6) We will improve the policies and environment for encouraging innovative development. We will grant extra tax deductions for research and development costs, improve preferential tax policies for new- and high-tech companies and science and technology business incubators, and implement a mechanism to subsidize the initial costs of insuring new materials and key parts and components. Reform of colleges and research institutes will continue to move ahead, regulations will be formulated to make it possible for researchers to take on part-time work, create their own start-ups or pursue on-the-job inventions, and an income distribution mechanism to encourage entrepreneurship and innovation will be formed. |
| （五）进一步夯实农业基础。确保农业农村投入力度不减弱、总量有增加，支持重大建设任务不打折扣。2016年粮食总产量稳定在5.5亿吨以上。 | 5. Improving the foundation of agriculture Our support for major development tasks will not be perfunctory; we will ensure that the investment momentum in agriculture and rural areas does not diminish, and that total investment continues to increase. In 2016, total grain output will stand at over 550 million metric tons. |
| 一是确保国家粮食安全。全面落实粮食安全省长责任制，完善中央和地方共同负责的粮食安全保障机制。探索划定粮食生产功能区和重要农产品生产保护区，保口粮、保耕地、保产能，保主产区特别是核心产区的粮食生产。全面完成永久基本农田划定并实行特殊保护，加强高标准农田、重要农产品生产基地、国家级育制种基地和区域性良种繁育基地、粮食仓储物流等建设。实施耕地质量保护提升行动。推进农作物良种补贴、粮食直补、农资综合补贴“三补合一”，健全以产粮大县、生猪调出大县等为核心的主产区利益补偿机制。改革完善粮食等重要农产品价格形成机制和收储制度。发展粮食产业经济。扩大农业政策性保险覆盖面，提高农业风险保障水平。 | 1) We will guarantee food security in China. We will hold provincial governors responsible for food security across the board and improve the mechanism under which the central and local authorities work together to ensure food security. In order to ensure that grain production, cultivated land acreage, and production capacity all remain stable, we will make explorations into establishing functional zones for grain production and protective areas for the production of major agricultural products. We will guarantee grain production in major grain-producing areas, especially in the core areas for grain production. We will complete our work on designating and providing protection for permanent basic cropland nationwide, and will strengthen the development of high-quality farmland, major agricultural product-producing centers, national seed cultivation and production centers and regional centers for cultivating superior crop varieties, and grain storage and logistics. Actions will be taken to protect and improve the quality of cultivated land. The subsidy for purchasing superior crop varieties, the direct subsidy for grain growers, and general subsidies for purchasing agricultural supplies will all be integrated into a single agricultural subsidy. Improvements will be made to the mechanism for subsidizing major grain- and hog-producing counties as well as other major agricultural production areas. We will improve the price-setting mechanism for grain and other important agricultural products as well as the system for their purchase and storage. We will develop the grain industry, and expand the coverage of policy-based agricultural insurance to ensure better protection against agricultural risks. |
| 二是推进农村一二三产业融合发展。推动粮经饲统筹、农林牧渔结合、种养加一体，培育发展农村新型业态，拓展农业多种功能。实施“百县千乡万村”试点示范工程，完善农业产业链利益联结机制，让农民更多分享农村产业融合增值收益。实施农产品品牌提升行动，推进农业全产业链标准化、品牌化建设，严格生产管理、产品认证和证后监管。加强农产品、农资现代流通体系建设，健全农产品冷链物流网络，推动农产品线上营销与线下流通融合发展。深化农村集体产权、农垦、集体林权、国有林场、农田水利、供销社等改革。 | 2) We will promote the integrated development of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in rural areas. We will coordinate the production of food, cash, and feed crops and the development of the farming, forestry, livestock, and fishing industries, and promote integrated planting, breeding, and processing operations; at the same time, we will nurture new types of agribusiness and fully engage the multiple functions of agriculture. Pilot demonstration projects for rural industrial integration will be carried out in about 100 counties, 1,000 townships and 100,000 villages. We will improve the mechanism for integrating farmers' interests into agricultural industry chains so that farmers can receive more benefits as rural industrial integration produces more value. The branding of agricultural products will be improved by making the agricultural industry chain more procedure-based and brand-development focused and by tightening production management, product certification, and post-certification supervision. We will improve the modern distribution system for agricultural products and supplies as well as cold-chain logistics networks for agricultural products. We will ensure the online marketing and offline distribution of agricultural products are integrated. We will deepen reform of the rural collective property rights system as well as reform of state farms on reclaimed land, collective forest tenure, state forestry farms, farmland irrigation and water conservancy, and rural supply and marketing cooperatives. |
| 三是推动农业可持续发展。以玉米为重点加快调整种养结构。编制实施耕地草原河湖休养生息规划。扩大农业面源污染综合治理、东北黑土地保护利用试点范围，启动地表水过度开发治理试点，加快耕地重金属污染、地下水超采治理。创建农业可持续发展试验示范区。 | 3) We will promote the sustainable development of agriculture. We will see to it that farmers move more quickly to adjust what and how much they grow or breed, particularly in relation to corn. We will formulate and implement a plan to let cropland and grassland lie fallow and to impose a moratorium on fishing in certain rivers and lakes. We will extend to more areas the trials for comprehensively dealing with pollution from non-point agricultural sources and for utilizing and conserving chernozem soil in the northeast. We will also launch trials to address the overdevelopment of surface water and step up efforts to deal with the heavy-metal pollution of cultivated land and the over-extraction of groundwater. We will establish pilot demonstration zones for sustainable agricultural development. |
| 四是提高新农村建设水平。创新农村基础设施投融资体制机制。继续完善农村供电、供水、交通、通信设施和水利气象综合防灾减灾体系，启动实施农村饮水安全巩固提升工程，开展农村人居环境整治和农业废弃物资源化利用、无害化处置。把社会事业发展的重点放在农村和接纳农业转移人口较多的城镇，推动新型城镇化与新农村建设协调发展。 | 4) We will make further progress in building a new socialist countryside. We will make innovations in the investment and financing systems and mechanisms for rural infrastructure. We will continue to improve the power supply, water supply, transportation, and communications facilities in rural areas and the comprehensive water conservancy and meteorological systems for preventing and mitigating disasters. We will launch a project to consolidate and build on the achievements made in ensuring safe drinking water in rural areas, and we will improve the living environment for rural residents and promote the recycling and safe disposal of agricultural waste. We will prioritize the development of social programs in rural areas and in cities and towns where a relatively large number of people from rural areas take up employment and become urban residents. We will promote the coordinated development of the New Urbanization and the building of a new countryside. |
| （六）促进城乡区域协调协同发展。贯彻协调发展理念，坚持区域协同、城乡一体，推动“三大战略”和“四大板块”形成叠加效应，构建核心带动和板块联动的区域开发新格局。 | 6. Promoting coordinated and integrated development between regions and between urban and rural areas In pursuing coordinated development, we will promote coordination between regions and integration between urban and rural areas. We will foster synergy between the Three Initiatives (the Belt and Road Initiative, the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt) and the coordinated development of the western, northeastern, central, and eastern regions to form a new pattern of regional development that gives play to the leading role of core areas and makes it possible for different regions to work together. |
| 一是重点实施好“三大战略”。统筹推进“一带一路”建设。全面落实京津冀协同发展规划纲要，研究实施控增量、疏存量相关政策措施，启动一批北京非首都功能疏解重大项目，持续推进交通一体化、生态环境保护、产业升级转移3个重点领域率先突破，强化创新驱动试点示范，加快构建协同发展的体制机制。坚持生态优先、绿色发展，着力建设长江经济带“一道两廊三群”，把修复长江生态环境放在首要位置，大力构建绿色生态廊道，高起点高水平建设综合立体交通走廊，着力建设现代产业走廊，发挥长三角、长江中游、成渝三大城市群带动作用。 | 1) We will focus on implementing the Three Initiatives. We will coordinate work to advance the Belt and Road Initiative. We will fully implement the plan for the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, research and implement policies and measures related to controlling the number of new projects launched and effectively carrying out existing ones, launch projects to relieve Beijing of functions nonessential to its role as China' s capital, continue to support the three major areas-integrated transportation, ecological conservation and environmental protection, and industrial upgrading and relocation-in making initial breakthroughs, strengthen the trials and demonstration projects for innovation-driven development, and accelerate the establishment of the systems and mechanisms for coordinated development. In order to focus on ecological conservation and pursue green development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, we will give top priority to restoring the ecological environment in the Yangtze River valley, while pressing ahead with the effort to develop a green, ecological corridor, a high-level integrated multidimensional transportation corridor, and a modern industrial corridor; and we will also encourage city clusters in the Yangtze River Delta, along the middle reaches of the Yangtze, and in the Chengdu-Chongqing region to lead the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. |
| 二是深入推进“四大板块”协调发展。支持宁夏、贵州等西部地区发展各具特色的内陆开放型经济，推进创新平台和创新体系建设。加大对中西部地区基础设施等薄弱环节的投资力度，加强生态保护和修复，培育壮大特色优势产业。实施新一轮东北地区等老工业基地振兴战略，培育形成以哈大经济带为主轴的东北地区城市群。出台促进中部地区崛起新十年规划，推动长江中游城市群、中原经济区、皖江城市带等重点经济区发展，推进淮河、汉江生态经济带建设，支持山西建设清洁能源基地。继续支持东部地区在改革创新、转型升级、提质增效上率先发展，发挥示范作用。深入推进海南国际旅游岛建设。大力发展海洋经济，推进海洋经济发展示范区建设。推进国家级新区、承接产业转移示范区等重要功能平台建设，鼓励各地先行先试，在体制机制改革、区域协同发展中当好排头兵。有序推广国家综合配套改革试验区成熟的改革经验。推进重点地区一体化发展，支持有条件的地区开展同城化探索。 | 2) We will press ahead with the coordinated development of the western, northeastern, central, and eastern regions. We will support Ningxia, Guizhou, and other parts of the western region in developing open inland economies, each with its own distinctive features, and help to establish innovation platforms and systems. We will increase investment in infrastructure and other needed areas in the central and western regions, step up efforts to protect and restore the ecological environment, and cultivate and expand competitive industries that take advantage of local strengths. We will implement a new round of strategies for revitalizing the northeast and other old industrial bases, and promote the development of city clusters along the Harbin-Dalian Economic Belt. We will introduce a new ten-year plan to promote the rise of the central region; drive forward the development of major economic zones such as the city clusters along the middle reaches of the Yangtze, the Central Plains Economic Zone, and the city cluster along the Yangtze in Anhui Province; press ahead with the development of the eco-economic belts along the Huai and Han rivers; and support the development of clean energy production centers in Shanxi. We will continue to support the exemplary role of the eastern region in leading the rest of the country in pursuing reform and innovation, transforming and upgrading industries, and improving the quality and performance of the economy. We will increase efforts to turn Hainan into an international tourist island. We will work to develop the marine economy and build demonstration zones for this purpose. We will move forward with the development of state-level new areas, demonstration zones for industrial relocation, and other major function platforms, and encourage all localities to lead the way and explore new paths in the reform of systems and mechanisms and in the pursuit of coordinated development between regions. Successful practices that have been developed in national experimental zones for integrated, complete reform will be applied to other regions in an orderly manner. We will promote the integrated development of key areas and support city clusters with suitable conditions in exploring the further integration of urban development. |
专栏15：新一轮东北地区等老工业基地振兴战略。 | Box 15: New Strategies for Revitalizing the Northeast and Other Old Industrial Bases |
| 三是以人为核心积极推进新型城镇化。制定实施1亿非城镇户籍人口在城镇落户方案。实施深入推进新型城镇化建设意见，加快户籍制度改革和居住证制度双落地，建立健全农业转移人口与建设用地、建设资金、转移支付“三挂钩”机制，鼓励引导农业转移人口在城镇落户。加大城镇存量建设用地盘活使用力度，积极推进农村土地征收、集体经营性建设用地入市、宅基地三项改革试点。制定全国城镇体系规划。持续推动新生中小城市、特色小城镇培育和新型城市建设，促进符合条件的开发区、陆路边境口岸地区完善城市综合功能。大力发展智慧城市、绿色城市和海绵城市。建设城市地下综合管廊，确保开工建设2000公里。加快京津冀、长三角、珠三角、成渝等城市群城际铁路建设。 | 3) We will advance people-centered New Urbanization. We will implement the plan to grant urban household registration to 100 million people. We will deepen the implementation of the guidelines on promoting the New Urbanization; accelerate reform of the household registration system and implementation of the residence certificate system; establish a sound mechanism for adjusting the land designated for construction, development funds, and transfer payments in line with the number of migrant workers that have been granted urban household registration in an area; and encourage and guide rural migrant workers in obtaining urban household registration. We will put urban land held in reserve for construction to better use and carry out trial reforms relating to rural land requisition, the marketization of rural collective land designated for business-related construction, and the rural land used for private housing. A plan for the national urban system will be drawn up. We will continue to promote the cultivation of emerging small and medium-sized cities, small towns with unique features, and new models of urban development, and, where conditions permit, we will help development zones and land border areas to improve the overall functions of cities. Great efforts will be directed toward developing smart cities, green cities, and sponge cities. We will develop urban utility tunnels and ensure construction starts on 2,000 kilometers of such tunnels. We will move faster to develop intercity railways in city clusters in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and the Chengdu-Chongqing region. |
专栏16：新型城镇化。 | Box 16: The New Urbanization |
| （七）促进绿色循环低碳发展。贯彻绿色发展理念，推动能源生产和消费革命，提高发展的绿色化水平。 | 7. Promoting green, circular, and low-carbon development In pursuing green development, we will drive forward the revolution in energy generation and consumption to make development more eco-friendly. |
| 一是加快主体功能区建设。开展主体功能区规划修编，建立重点生态功能区产业准入负面清单制度，发布全国主体功能区规划拼图和农产品主产区、重点生态功能区目录，编制实施省级海洋主体功能区规划。开展省级空间规划试点。研究建立资源环境承载能力监测预警长效机制。 | 1) We will move faster to build functional zones. We will revise the plan for functional zoning, implement a negative list of industries for key ecosystem service zones, release a national functional zoning map and catalogs of major agricultural production zones and key ecosystem service zones, and draw up and implement provincial-level plans for marine functional zoning. We will carry out trials for spatial planning at provincial level and conduct research on establishing a long-term monitoring and early-warning system for resource and environmental carrying capacity. |
| 二是提高能源资源利用效率。出台2030年能源生产和消费革命战略，推动能源转型发展，实行能源消费总量和强度“双控”行动。提升可再生能源消纳能力，在解决好弃水、弃风、弃光问题的基础上，继续大力发展可再生能源。积极发展分布式能源，推进智能电网发展，推行节能低碳电力调度。加快发展节能环保绿色产业，实施绿色制造工程，支持绿色清洁生产、资源综合利用，实施节能环保重大工程。推进园区循环化改造、循环型产业体系构建、循环经济试点示范。实施建筑能效提升和绿色建筑全产业链发展计划。全面推进节水型社会建设。强化土地节约集约利用。 | 2) We will use energy and resources more efficiently. We will release the 2030 strategy for revolutionizing energy generation and consumption, push forward the transformation and development of the energy sector, and exercise control over both the total amount and intensity of energy consumption. In order to continue the dynamic development of renewable energy, we will work to address the issue of idle capacity in water, wind, and solar power by increasing the capacity of power grids to absorb electricity generated from renewable energy sources. We will actively develop distributed energy and smart grids, and apply an energy-saving, low-carbon approach to the management of power distribution. In order to expedite the growth of industries in relation to energy conservation, environmental protection, and ecological improvement, we will carry out green manufacturing programs, support green and clean production along with a comprehensive eco-friendly approach to the use of resources, and carry out major energy conservation and environmental protection projects. We will promote circular operations within industrial parks, a circular approach to constructing industrial systems, and pilot and demonstration projects for a circular economy. A plan for increasing the energy efficiency of buildings and promote the construction of green buildings will be implemented throughout the construction industry chain. We will take comprehensive measures to build a water-conserving society, and promote efficient and intensive use of land. |
| 三是改善生态环境质量。深入实施大气、水污染防治行动计划，出台实施土壤污染防治行动计划，持续下大力气治理大气雾霾和水污染。严控新增煤炭产能和煤电新增规模，做好散煤清洁化利用和治理，实施电能替代，全面加快煤电升级改造和油品质量升级。推进环境污染第三方治理。全面实施新一轮退耕还林还草，加强国土绿化工程建设。稳步建立国家公园体制。继续推进京津风沙源、石漠化地区、退牧还草等重点区域生态及重点流域水环境综合治理。启动生物多样性保护重大工程。加强湖泊湿地生态保护，划定森林、草原、湿地、海洋等生态系统红线。健全生态保护补偿机制。推动战略和规划环评落地，严格环境准入。开展城市生态修复，恢复和提升城市生态功能。开展省以下环保机构监测监察执法垂直管理试点。 | 3) We will improve the quality of the environment and ecosystems. We will fully implement the action plans for preventing and controlling air and water pollution, release and implement an action plan for addressing soil pollution, and remain persistent in the fight against smog and water pollution. We will strictly control the expansion of coal production capacity and the capacity of coal-fired power plants, ensure cleaner use of coal in non-industrial sectors, expand the use of electricity to replace less environmentally friendly forms of energy and promote the use of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, and move faster to upgrade coal-fired power plants and the quality of fuel across the board. Third party governance will be introduced in the treatment of environmental pollution. We will launch a new round of efforts to return marginal cultivated land to forest or grassland, and intensify efforts to carry out the national afforestation project. We will move steadily forward with the establishment of a system of national parks. We will continue to advance the comprehensive governance of the water environment in key water basins and the environment in key areas, such as those at the source of dust storms affecting Beijing and Tianjin, areas afflicted by the spread of stony deserts, and areas where grazing land has been returned to grassland. A major biodiversity protection project will be launched. We will step up the ecological conservation of lakes and wetlands and establish ecological red lines for forests, grasslands, wetlands and the ocean. We will improve the mechanisms for compensating ecological conservation efforts. We will ensure the implementation of environmental impact assessment for strategies and plans and enforce stricter environmental standards for project approval. We will carry out ecological rehabilitation in cities to restore and improve their ecological functions. Pilot programs will be launched to place county- and prefecture-level environmental monitoring, inspection, and law enforcement bodies directly under the jurisdiction of provincial-level environmental bodies. |
| 四是提升低碳发展水平。继续推进低碳试点示范。加快建设全国碳排放权交易市场，制定交易、监管等配套细则。建设性参与国际谈判，做好巴黎协定后续机制设计和推动落实，主动引导全球气候治理规则制定，继续加强气候变化“南南合作”。 | 4) We will promote low-carbon development. We will continue to push forward pilot and demonstration programs for low-carbon development, move faster to create a national market for carbon emission rights trading, and formulate a complete set of rules and regulations concerning such trading and its oversight. We will constructively participate in international negotiations, work to ensure the proper design and implementation of follow-up mechanisms for the agreement reached at the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris, play an active role in guiding the rule-making process for global climate governance, and continue to strengthen South-South cooperation on climate change. |
专栏17：绿色低碳发展。 | Box 17: Green and Low-Carbon Development |
| （八）发展更高层次开放型经济。贯彻开放发展理念，优化对外开放区域布局，扩大对外投资合作，推进外贸优进优出，积极利用外资，培育国际竞争新优势，有效参与全球经济治理。 | 8. Improving the performance of the open economy In pursuing open development, we will improve the plan for regional opening up, increase outbound investment and international cooperation, work to optimize imports and exports, actively utilize foreign capital, cultivate new strengths to give us a competitive edge internationally, and play an effective role in global economic governance. |
| 一是抓好“一带一路”建设战略落实。加强与沿线国家发展战略对接，稳步实施互联互通、能源资源合作等标志性工程，建立完善“一带一路”建设重大项目储备库，打造一批双多边合作样板。积极推进中蒙俄、中国－中南半岛等国际经济合作走廊建设。统筹推动中欧班列建设和沿线大通关合作，加快建设国际物流大通道。稳步构筑海上战略支点，畅通海上贸易通道。推进“一带一路”官方网站等信息平台建设。积极推动文化、中医药等走出去。深入推进沿边地区开发开放，提高边境经济合作区、跨境经济合作区发展水平，加强与周边国家的国际区域合作。 | 1) We will ensure the successful implementation of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road Initiative. We will increase the cohesion between the development strategy of China and those of other countries along the routes, steadily carry out signature projects aimed at strengthening connectivity and increasing energy and resource cooperation, build up a reserve of major projects for the Belt and Road Initiative, and set up a number of patterns for bilateral and multilateral cooperation. We will actively advance the development of international economic cooperation corridors, such as the China-Mongolia-Russia corridor and the China-Indochina Peninsula corridor. We will coordinate the development of China-Europe freight train routes, simplify customs clearance procedures along the lines, and expedite the building of international logistics gateways. We will steadily construct strategic maritime hubs and ensure that maritime trade routes are unobstructed. Information platforms will be developed, such as the official website of the Belt and Road Initiative. We will actively encourage Chinese culture and traditional Chinese medicine to extend their reach overseas, further develop and open up border areas, upgrade both border and cross-border economic cooperation zones, and enhance international and regional cooperation with neighboring countries. |
| 二是扩大国际产能和装备制造合作。围绕重点产业、重点国别，建立产能合作项目库。建立健全省区、牵头企业与重点国别对接机制，完善重大风险管理机制。加快推进双边产能合作机制建设，充分利用多边平台务实推进产能合作，积极与发达国家开展第三方市场产能合作，推动中国技术、中国装备、中国标准、中国服务走出去。完善财政金融支持政策，设立人民币海外合作基金、多双边产能合作基金，推动银企合作。2016年非金融类境外直接投资预期约1300亿美元，增长10%左右。 | 2) We will expand international cooperation on industrial capacity and equipment manufacturing. We will create a project reserve for industrial-capacity cooperation based on key industries and countries. We will set up a sound mechanism for connecting our provinces, regions and leading enterprises with key countries, and improve the system for managing major risks. We will move faster to make arrangements for bilateral industrial-capacity cooperation and make full use of multilateral platforms to promote effective cooperation; we will actively engage in cooperation with developed countries on the third market, so as to support Chinese technologies, equipment, standards, and services in "going global" . We will improve related fiscal and financial policies, set up outbound RMB cooperative funds and bilateral and multilateral industrial-capacity cooperation funds, and encourage cooperation between financial institutions and enterprises in this area. In 2016, China' s non-financial outward direct investment is projected to be approximately US$130 billion, an increase of around 10%. |
| 三是促进外贸稳增长、调结构。执行好出口退税政策。落实清理和规范进出口环节收费的各项政策措施，严格收费目录清单制度，加快国际贸易“单一窗口”和通关一体化建设，提高贸易便利化水平。促进加工贸易向中西部地区转移、向产业链中高端延伸。推动外贸新型商业模式发展，推进跨境电子商务综合试验区建设，扩大试点范围，支持建立一批“海外仓”和展示中心。推动货物贸易和服务贸易融合发展，大力促进金融、保险、物流、维修等服务贸易出口。实行更加积极的进口政策，支持先进技术设备、关键零部件进口，增加重要能源资源储备，适当增加消费品进口。深化多双边经贸合作，着力构建面向全球的高标准自贸区网络，积极商签区域全面经济伙伴关系协定，加快中日韩自贸区等谈判，推进中美、中欧投资协定谈判。 | 3) We will promote the steady growth and structural adjustment of foreign trade. We will effectively apply the policy of export tax rebates. We will put into action the policies and measures for reviewing and regulating fees related to imports and exports, strictly enforce the system of lists and catalogs of fees related to foreign trade, and accelerate the building of the Single Window System and the integration of customs clearance procedures to enhance trade facilitation. We will encourage processing trade to move to the central and western regions and to extend toward the medium-high end of the industry chain. We will encourage the development of new business models for foreign trade, push forward the development of integrated pilot zones for cross-border E-commerce while also expanding the scope of the pilot scheme, and support the building of overseas storehouses and exhibition centers. We will promote the integrated development of trade in goods and in services and vigorously support the export of services in finance, insurance, logistics, and maintenance. We will adopt a more active import policy to support the import of advanced technology and equipment and important parts and components; increase the reserve of important energy and resources; and appropriately increase the import of consumer goods. We will deepen bilateral and multilateral economic and trade cooperation, build an international network of high-standard free trade areas, step up negotiations on the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement, accelerate negotiations on free trade such as those on the China-Japan-RoK Free Trade Area, and facilitate negotiations on investment agreements with the United States and the European Union. |
| 四是提升利用外资水平。进一步改善营商环境。推进外商投资负面清单管理模式改革，扩大金融、教育、养老、文化、电信、互联网、商贸物流等服务领域开放，进一步开放制造业，鼓励外资投向传统产业高端环节、战略性新兴产业和现代服务业。修订中西部外商投资优势产业目录，支持中西部地区承接外资产业转移。及时总结推广自贸试验区经验，进一步扩大试点范围。促进开发区创新发展，修订开发区审核公告目录。深化外商投资管理制度改革和外债管理改革，完善外商投资国家安全审查制度。2016年非金融类外商直接投资预期约1280亿美元。 | 4) We will use foreign capital more effectively. We will continue to improve the business environment. We will advance reform to introduce a negative list in managing foreign investment. The service sector will be further opened up in areas such as finance, education, elderly care, culture, telecommunications, the Internet, trade, and logistics; the manufacturing sector will also be opened wider and direct foreign investments will be encouraged toward the high end of traditional industries, strategic emerging industries, and modern services. The catalog of industries with local strengths in central and western regions for foreign investment will be updated to support the relocation of foreign-invested industries to these regions. We will complete a timely review of and promote the experiences from pilot free trade zones and continue to expand the pilot scheme to other regions. We will promote the innovation-driven growth of development zones and update the catalog of development zones that have been approved and published by the state. Reforms of the foreign investment management system and foreign debt management will be deepened, and the system for carrying out security reviews of foreign investments will be improved. Non-financial foreign direct investment is expected to be approximately US$128 billion in 2016. |
| （九）着力保障和改善民生。贯彻共享发展理念，把增进民生福祉放在突出位置，大力实施精准扶贫、精准脱贫，深化公共服务重点领域改革创新，全力保障基本公共服务供给。 | 9. Working to safeguard and improve living standards In pursuing shared development, we will give greater prominence to improving people' s standard of living, take strong and targeted measures to reduce poverty, deepen reform and innovation in key areas concerning public services, and make every effort to ensure the supply of basic public services. |
| 一是全面推进精准脱贫攻坚。支持集中连片特困地区区域发展与脱贫攻坚，启动重点贫困革命老区振兴发展行动计划，加快革命老区开发建设步伐。加大对民族地区、边疆地区脱贫攻坚支持力度。着力改善贫困地区基础设施和基本公共服务，重点解决通路、通水、通电、通网。大力实施脱贫攻坚重点工程。继续支持新疆、西藏和四省藏区发展，加大中央支持和对口支援力度。 | 1) We will move forward with targeted measures to fight poverty across the board. We will support development and poverty reduction in contiguous poor areas, launch the action plan for revitalizing the key old revolutionary base areas where poverty is an issue, and speed up the development of all old revolutionary base areas. We will also boost support for alleviating poverty in border areas and areas with concentrations of ethnic minorities. We will work hard to improve infrastructure and basic public services in poor areas, with a priority on roads, water supply, power, and Internet access. A great deal of effort will be devoted to ensuring key poverty alleviation programs are implemented. We will continue to support the development of Xinjiang, Tibet, and the Tibetan ethnic areas in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu, and Qinghai provinces, increasing central government support for these areas, and scaling up one-to-one assistance programs. |
专栏18：脱贫攻坚重点工程。 | Box 18: Key Poverty Alleviation Programs |
| 二是做好就业托底。统筹推进高校毕业生、农民工、就业困难人员等重点群体就业创业，做好产能过剩企业职工安置工作，继续实施高校毕业生就业促进计划和创业引领计划，健全公共就业创业服务体系，深入开展支持农民工等人员返乡创业试点。加强基层就业创业服务设施建设，强化就业援助，提供托底帮扶。发挥好战略性新兴产业、新业态、国家重大工程等对就业创业的拉动作用，培育壮大新的就业增长点。促进灵活就业和非正规就业。 | 2) We will provide employment support to help meet the people' s basic needs. With a view to providing coordinated support to priority groups, such as college graduates, migrant workers, and those having difficulty finding employment, to help them start a business or find employment, we will work to properly resettle workers laid off due to the phasing-out of excess production capacity, carry out the program for promoting the employment of college graduates and providing them with business start-up guidance, flesh out the public service system for employment and business start-ups, and deepen the implementation of the pilot program for supporting rural migrant workers in starting businesses in their hometowns. We will strengthen community-level employment and start-up service facilities and increase employment assistance to ensure people' s basic needs are met. We will fully leverage the role of strategic emerging industries, new forms of business, and major state projects in encouraging employment and business start-ups, while fostering new sources of job creation. We will also promote flexible employment and non-standard employment. |
| 三是强化社会保障关键环节建设。出台养老保险制度改革总体方案，继续提高退休人员基本养老金标准，推进职工基础养老金全国统筹。制定划转部分国有资本充实社保基金办法。全面推进城乡居民基本医疗保险制度整合，城乡居民基本医疗保险财政补助标准提高到每人每年420元，加快推进基本医疗保险异地就医结算，做好基本医疗保险与大病保险、医疗救助、疾病应急救助等政策衔接。统筹推进城乡社会救助体系建设，完善残疾人和困境儿童服务与保障体系。继续推进城镇保障性安居工程建设，改善中低收入群众和困难群众的住房条件。2016年，城镇棚户区住房改造600万套，农村危房改造314万户。 | 3) We will strengthen the key links of social security. We will release an overall plan for old-age insurance reform, further raise basic pension benefits for retirees, and work to place the social pooling accounts of workers' old-age insurance under unified national management. We will formulate methods for diverting a portion of state capital into social security funds. We will comprehensively advance the integration of the basic medical insurance schemes for rural and non-working urban residents, raise the annual government subsidy for these two schemes to 420 yuan per person, accelerate our work to enable people to settle medical bills incurred in any locality via their basic medical insurance accounts, and increase the cohesion between basic medical insurance and other schemes, such as major disease insurance, medical assistance, and assistance for emergency disease treatment. We will coordinate the development of social assistance systems for urban and rural residents and improve the system for providing services and insurance to people with disabilities and children living in difficult conditions. We will continue to build government-subsidized housing in urban areas and improve the housing conditions of both low- and middle-income groups and people facing difficulties. In 2016, we will renovate six million units of housing in run-down urban areas and 3.14 million dilapidated rural houses. |
| 四是提高公共服务共建共享水平。建立国家基本公共服务清单，实施共享服务提升工程，完善义务教育、医疗卫生、公共文化、养老、公共体育、残疾人康复和托养、社会福利、基本殡葬等服务设施。扩大普惠性学前教育资源，规范农村学校布局调整，加快城乡义务教育公办学校标准化建设，加快推进高中阶段教育普及，实施支援中西部地区招生协作计划和面向贫困地区定向招生专项计划，畅通农村和贫困地区学子升学渠道，完善现代职业教育体系，实施职业教育产教融合工程。提升高校教学水平和创新能力，推动具备条件的普通本科高校向应用型转变。扩大各级各类学校和教育机构资源向城乡社区教育和老年教育开放。2016年，普通高等教育计划招生705万人，研究生招生81.8万人。加快全民健康保障工程建设，加强医疗服务体系薄弱环节，优化医疗卫生资源布局，大力培养全科医生、儿科医生，加快分级诊疗制度建设。实施全面两孩政策，完善妇幼健康服务体系和相关配套政策，促进人口均衡发展。积极发展中医药、民族医药事业。推进养老服务业综合改革试点。完善流动人口融入城镇的基本公共服务政策。加强社会主义精神文明建设。加快文化改革发展。繁荣发展哲学社会科学。发展文学艺术、新闻出版、广播影视、档案等事业。建设中国特色新型智库。加快足球、冰雪等各类体育运动发展。 | 4) We will see to it that all sectors of society become more involved in providing public services and more people benefit from them. We will establish a national list of basic public services, carry out the national project to upgrade services for the general population, and improve facilities for compulsory education, medical and health care, public cultural services, elderly care, community sports, care and nursing for people with disabilities, social welfare, and basic funeral and interment services. We will increase the provision of public-interest pre-school education, refine the distribution of schools in rural areas, and move faster to help public schools providing compulsory education in urban and rural areas meet standards and to make senior secondary education universal. Some regular institutions of higher learning in developed regions will be selected to implement the program for setting an enrollment quota for students from central and western regions, and we will carry out the program for regular institutions of higher learning to enroll a set number of students from poor areas with pre-conditions for employment after graduation; these programs will help to ensure students from rural and poor areas are unobstructed in continuing their education. We will improve the modern vocational education system and launch programs to integrate vocational education with industry. We will ensure the quality of teaching and the capacity for innovation within institutions of higher learning are improved, and encourage regular undergraduate colleges to shift their focus toward providing applied education if they are in a position to do so. We will see to it that the education resources of schools and educational institutions of all types and at all levels are made available for the provision of urban and rural community-level education as well as education for the elderly. In 2016, regular institutions of higher learning are projected to enroll 7.05 million undergraduate students and 818,000 graduate students. We will speed up the development of the program to ensure a healthy population, reinforce weak areas in the medical services system, better allocate medical and health care resources, strengthen the training of general practitioners and pediatricians, and accelerate the development of tiered medical diagnosis and treatment. We will fully implement the policy for allowing one couple to have two children, enhance the system for providing maternal and child care and related support policies, and promote balanced growth of the population. We will actively develop traditional Chinese medicine and the medicine of ethnic minorities. We will move forward with the trials for comprehensive reform of the elderly services. We will improve basic public service policies so as to facilitate better integration of the migrant population in cities. To promote socialist cultural and ethical progress, we will accelerate cultural reform and development; encourage philosophy and the social sciences to flourish; and develop literature, art, the press, publishing, radio, television, film, and archives. We will develop new types of Chinese-style think tanks. We will accelerate the development of sports such as soccer and winter sports. |
| 深化内地与香港、澳门的投资经贸合作，落实内地与港澳关于建立更紧密经贸关系安排（CEPA）框架下的服务贸易协议，加大内地对港澳开放力度，推动CEPA全面升级。支持港澳参与“一带一路”建设。加快前海、南沙、横琴等粤港澳合作平台建设，深化泛珠三角等区域合作。进一步支持澳门建设中国与葡语国家商贸服务平台，促进澳门经济适度多元发展。继续推进海峡两岸经贸关系发展，增进两岸同胞福祉。 | We will deepen cooperation with Hong Kong and Macao in the areas of investment, the economy, and trade; put into practice the agreement on trade in services with Hong Kong and Macao under the framework of Closer Economic Partnership Arrangements (CEPA); open the country' s interior wider to Hong Kong and Macao; and comprehensively upgrade the CEPA. We will support Hong Kong and Macao in participating in the development of the Belt and Road Initiative. We will move faster to develop the platforms in Qianhai, Nansha, and Hengqin among others for cooperation between Guangdong and Hong Kong and Macao, and deepen regional cooperation in the pan-Pearl River Delta. We will provide further support for Macao in its efforts to build a platform to facilitate business and trade cooperation between China and Portuguese language countries and appropriately diversify its economy. We will continue to promote the development of cross-Straits economic and trade cooperation to benefit the people on both sides of the Taiwan Straits. |
| 各位代表，做好“十三五”开局之年的经济社会发展工作，任务艰巨，意义重大。我们要更加紧密地团结在以习近平同志为总书记的党中央周围，高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导，深入贯彻习近平总书记系列重要讲话精神，自觉接受全国人大的监督，虚心听取全国政协的意见和建议，齐心协力、奋发有为，攻坚克难、开拓创新，为实现“十三五”良好开局、保持经济社会平稳健康发展而努力奋斗！ | Fellow Deputies, Accomplishing the work for economic and social development in this first year of the 13th Five-Year Plan is an onerous but important task. We will unite even closer around the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary, hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, take Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Theory of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development as our guide, and fully implement the guidelines from General Secretary Xi Jinping's major political addresses. We will willingly accept the oversight of the NPC, and seek comments and suggestions from the CPPCC National Committee with an open mind. Let us pool together our hearts and our energy to overcome the difficulties ahead, and work with creativity to ensure a good start to the 13th Five-Year Plan and sustain steady and sound economic and social development. |
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