2016年中央和地方预算报告（全文）
Full text: Report on China's central, local budgets (2016)
0 
| 三、切实做好2016年财政改革与管理工作 | III. Working towards Successful Public Finance Management and Reform in 2016 |
| （一）贯彻实施好预算法。 | 1. Implementing the Budget Law |
| 推动修订后的预算法实施条例尽快出台，夯实依法理财的制度基础。深入推进预决算公开，加快建立透明预算制度。推进中期财政规划管理，研究编制2017－2019年全国中期财政规划，强化其对年度预算的约束和指引作用。全面推进预算绩效管理改革，加强绩效目标管理，推进重大专项资金等重点支出绩效评价，强化评价结果应用，增强花钱的责任意识和效率意识。进一步完善国库集中收付运行机制。积极配合做好清理规范重点支出同财政收支增幅或生产总值挂钩事项。组织开展政府综合财务报告编制试点，抓紧完善相关制度。牢固树立过紧日子的思想，精打细算，把钱用在“刀刃”上。坚持从严从简，勤俭办一切事业，能减少的支出坚决减少，能不花的钱坚决不花，狠刹铺张浪费和奢靡之风。健全公务支出管理制度体系，深化公务卡制度改革，推动建立厉行节约反对浪费长效机制。严肃财经纪律，加强民生领域财政资金监管，全面开展财政资金安全检查。 | We will work faster to unveil the revised Implementation Regulations of the Budget Law at the earliest possible time so as to strengthen the institutional foundation for law-based public finance management. We will expand efforts to ensure that budgets and final accounts are released to the public and accelerate the establishment of a transparent budget system. We will move ahead with mid-term fiscal planning by formulating the 2017-2019 National Mid-Term Fiscal Plan, and strengthen its role in guiding the formulation of annual budgets and constraining the appropriation of funds. In advancing the reform of budget performance management across the board, we will strengthen the management of performance targets, promote performance evaluation of key expenditures such as major special funds, apply evaluation results more effectively, and increase the sense of responsibility and attention to efficiency of those responsible for the utilization of public funds. We will make further improvements to the operating mechanisms for collections and payments through the centralized treasury system. We will actively assist in efforts to review and regulate key items for which budgetary expenditures are linked to increases in government revenue or expenditures or to GDP growth. We will organize trials of preparing comprehensive government financial reports and promptly improve relevant systems. We will work to instill a keen awareness of the need to tighten our belts, make every cent count, and appropriate funds to where they can be used most efficiently. We will strictly observe relevant rules and regulations on refraining from extravagance, practice thrift and economy throughout all activities, reduce or cut spending whenever and wherever possible, and put a resolute stop to extravagance and waste. We will improve the system of institutions for managing expenditures for official purposes, deepen reform of the government purchase card system, and move ahead with the establishment of a permanent mechanism for ensuring strict austerity and fighting waste. We will tighten up financial discipline, strengthen supervision over government funds earmarked for improving the wellbeing of the people, and comprehensively review the security of government funds. |
| （二）加快财政体制和税制改革。 | 2. Accelerating fiscal and tax system reform |
| 出台中央与地方事权和支出责任划分改革的指导意见，适度加强中央事权和支出责任，将一些适宜地方政府负责的事务交给地方，减少中央和地方职责交叉、共同管理的事项。选取部分领域率先启动事权和支出责任划分改革。完善并择机出台中央和地方增值税收入划分过渡方案，调动中央和地方两个积极性。健全财政转移支付同农业转移人口市民化挂钩机制。全面完成营改增改革。调整消费税征收范围、环节和税率。推进综合与分类相结合的个人所得税改革。全面推开资源税从价计征改革，清理相关收费基金。研究落实行邮税调整方案，规范跨境电子商务零售进口税收政策。落实鼓励企业创新的财税政策，支持企业加大研发投入，强化企业创新主体地位和主导作用。继续配合做好船舶吨税、环境保护税等立法工作。 | We will unveil guidelines on the reform of the division of administrative authority and spending responsibilities between the central and local governments, which will be aimed at appropriately increasing the administrative authority and spending responsibilities of the central government, delegating to local governments the responsibility for affairs which are suitable for them, and minimizing the number of items for which there is overlapping responsibility or shared management between the central and local governments. This reform will be first carried out in selected areas. We will improve and at an appropriate time roll out the transitional plan for sharing VAT revenue between the central and local governments, providing a way to best arouse the enthusiasm of both the central and local governments. We will improve the mechanism linking transfer payments to local governments with the number of people from rural areas who have become permanent urban residents within their jurisdiction. We will complete the reform to replace business tax with VAT in all sectors. We will make adjustments to the scope, affected activities, and rates of excise taxes. We will press ahead with personal income tax reform towards a system that is based on both adjusted gross income and specific types of incomes. We will extend ad valorem rates to all resource taxes and straighten out relevant administrative charges and government-managed funds. We will implement a plan for adjusting import duties on items coming into China via personal baggage or by post, and introduce standard policies on retail import taxes arising from cross-border e-commerce. We will implement fiscal and tax policies that encourage enterprise innovation, supporting enterprises in increasing their R&D investment and helping strengthen the principal position and guiding role of enterprise innovation. We will continue to assist in the legislative work on a tonnage tax and an environmental protection tax. |
| （三）提高预算执行效能。 | 3. Executing budgets more effectively |
| 一是加强财政收入管理。坚持依法征收、应收尽收，严禁采取“空转”等方式虚增收入。落实减税降费各项政策，坚决不收过头税、过头费。密切跟踪财政收入形势，加强分析、妥善应对。二是强化支出预算管理。坚持预算硬约束，严格执行人大批准的预算，及时批复下达。动态监测预算执行情况，推动财政拨款规模较大的重点单位加快预算执行。督促做好重大项目前期准备工作，财政资金下达后及时形成实物工作量。三是进一步盘活存量资金。继续按规定清理收回两年以上结转资金，同时加强对两年以内资金的清理盘活。加大清理财政专户和预算单位实有资金账户存量资金力度。稳妥推进国库现金管理，研究建立财政库底目标余额管理制度。四是加快内部控制建设。在财政部门全面建立和实施内控制度，重点聚焦预算管理、资金分配等业务环节，实行分事行权、分岗设权、分级授权，强化内部流程控制，建立有效的风险应对机制和严格的问责机制，提高行政效率。 | First, we will strengthen the management of government revenue. We will ensure that taxes and fees are collected on the basis of law, that their collection is carried out in full, and that accounting schemes or other methods that seek to boost revenue only on paper are strictly prohibited. We will see that every policy related to tax and fee reductions is implemented and that any tax or fee not prescribed by law is not collected. We will closely follow, carefully analyze, and properly respond to developments in the government revenue situation. Second, we will strengthen the management of budgetary expenditures. We will strictly enforce budgetary constraints and promptly approve the appropriation of government funds in strict accordance with the budgets approved by the NPC. We will carry out dynamic monitoring of budget execution to help ensure key organizations receiving large sums of government funds accelerate the execution of their budgets. We will urge those responsible for major programs to make thorough preparations so that work can begin on them the moment government funds are received. Third, we will go further in putting idle funds to work. Funds carried forward for more than two years will be reviewed and taken back in accordance with regulations, while funds that have been allocated for two years or less will be reviewed and put to good use. We will redouble efforts to review idle funds in special fiscal accounts and extra-budgetary accounts of budget institutions. We will steadily carry out treasury cash management and conduct research on the establishment of a management system for the target balance of the treasury general account. Fourth, we will speed up the development of internal controls. The internal control system will be established and implemented in all finance departments, and it will focus on budget management, fund distributions, and other areas. Under this system, the way power is exercised is determined on the basis of the matter in question, the way power is arranged is determined on the basis of the position in question, and the way power is delegated is determined on the basis of the level of government in question. We will strengthen regulation over internal procedures and establish mechanisms to effectively respond to risks and ensure greater accountability in order to improve administrative efficiency. |
| （四）创新财政投入方式。 | 4. Innovating channels of government investment and spending |
| 一是大力推广运用PPP模式。研究推进政府和社会资本合作法的立法工作。出台PPP项目财政管理办法、标准化合同范文和分行业合同。推动PPP融资支持基金顺利运行，带动更多项目落地实施。严格规范运作PPP项目，确保项目实施质量。二是发挥好各类财政性投资基金的作用。对保留的具有一定外部性的竞争性领域专项，控制资金规模，突出保障重点，逐步改变行政性分配方式，主要采取基金管理等市场化运作模式，逐步与金融资本相结合，发挥财政资金撬动社会资本的作用。三是积极推进政府购买服务。加强政府购买服务目录编制工作，进一步扩围增项，在更多领域实行政府购买服务。建立绩效评价机制，探索推进第三方评价。四是完善政府采购制度。落实向中小企业预留采购份额的政策。继续扩大政府采购节能环保产品范围。开展政府采购支持创新产品政策试点。推进批量集中采购改革，降低政府采购成本。 | First, we will work to see that the PPP model becomes widespread. We will conduct research to assist legislative work related to the law on government and non-government capital cooperation. We will issue regulations on public finance management for PPP projects and create standard model contracts and industry-specific contracts. We will work to ensure that funds for supporting financing through PPP models operate smoothly so that more projects can come to fruition. We will help guarantee quality implementation of PPP projects by strictly regulating their operations. Second, we will make effective use of all types of government investment funds. With regard to special funds retained in competitive fields with strong externalities, we will control the scale of their funding, ensure a focus on key areas, phase out administrative distribution in favor of market operating models such as fund management, gradually integrate these funds with financial capital, and use government capital to encourage the investment of private capital. Third, we will actively encourage government procurement of services. We will step up the preparation of catalogs of services for government procurement by including more services and more areas. We will establish a performance evaluation mechanism for such services and explore the possibility of third-party evaluations. Fourth, we will improve the government procurement system. We will implement the policy of holding procurement quotas in reserve for small and medium enterprises. We will further expand the range of energy-efficient and environmentally friendly products eligible for government procurement. We will put in place a policy of providing support to innovative products through government procurement on a trial basis. We will move forward with reform to adopt bulk and centralized procurement practices to help lower government procurement costs. |
| （五）加强地方政府债务管理。 | 5. Strengthening the management of local government debt |
| 切实增强风险防控意识，在强化中央政府债务管理的同时，严格地方政府债务管理。一是加强限额管理和预算管理。科学拟定债务限额，地方政府在批准的限额内举借和偿还债务，严格控制债务规模。将地方政府债务收支纳入预算，自觉接受各级人大的监督。建立地方政府债务限额及债务收支情况随同预算公开的常态机制。二是健全风险评估和预警机制。综合运用各类风险指标，评估各地债务风险，并对高风险地区进行预警，指导督促地方建立债务风险应急处置机制。三是做好地方政府债券发行工作。完善发行办法，提高债券发行市场化定价水平，统筹国债、地方债发行节奏。研究推进地方政府债券投资群体多元化，积极建设地方政府债券二级市场，提高流动性。指导地方根据偿债需求、市场情况等合理确定置换规模，督促加快入库债券资金的置换。同时，完善地方政府债务监管和考核问责机制。加快推进融资平台公司市场化转型和融资。完善全口径政府债务管理。加大对违法举债担保行为的监督和惩处力度。 | We will enhance awareness in relation to risk prevention and control, and while strengthening management of central government debt, we will tighten regulation of the debt of local governments. First, we will strengthen debt ceiling management and budgetary management. We will establish appropriate ceilings under which local governments may borrow and pay back debt in order to keep such debt under strict control. The revenue and expenses generated by local government debt will be incorporated into their budgets and will be subject to oversight by the people's congresses at the same level. A permanent mechanism will also be put in place to see that local government debt ceilings as well as the revenue and expenses generated by local government debt are publically released alongside local government budgets. Second, we will improve risk evaluation and early warning mechanisms. We will utilize a wide variety of risk indicators to evaluate the risks that debt poses to local governments and issue warnings to local governments exposed to high levels of risk. We will urge and guide localities in establishing mechanisms for responding to debt risk emergencies. Third, we will carry out our work related to local government bond issuance. We will make improvements to issuance methods, increase the usage of market-based pricing in bond issuance, and coordinate the pace of national and local bond issuance. We will conduct research on promoting diversification among the investors who hold local government bonds and actively work to establish a secondary market for these bonds in order to improve liquidity. We will guide local governments in deciding on an appropriate amount of new bonds to issue to replace their outstanding debt based on considerations of repayment needs and market conditions, and urge them to accelerate the replacement of treasury funds generated from the issuance of bonds. At the same time, we will improve supervision, evaluation, and accountability mechanisms for local government debt. We will work to accelerate the market-based transformation and financing of financing platform companies. We will improve management of all government debt. We will strengthen oversight to prevent the illegal borrowing or guaranty of debt and increase punishment for such activities. |
| 各位代表，完成2016年预算意义重大。我们要更加紧密地团结在以习近平同志为总书记的党中央周围，高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，自觉接受全国人大的监督，虚心听取全国政协的意见和建议，锐意进取，奋发有为，更好发挥财政职能作用，为推动经济持续健康发展和社会和谐稳定作出积极贡献！ | Fellow Deputies, The completion of the budgets for 2016 is of great importance. We should rally more closely around the CPC Central Committee headed by General Secretary Xi Jinping, hold aloft the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, conscientiously accept the oversight of the NPC, solicit the comments and suggestions of the CPPCC National Committee, and forge ahead with determination and hard work to better perform our fiscal duties, making a positive contribution to the promotion of sustained, sound economic development as well as social harmony and stability. |
Go to Forum >>0 Comment(s)