2015年美国侵犯人权事记(全文)
Full text: Chronology of Human Rights Violations of the United States in 2015

 
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七月JULY
2日 《华盛顿邮报》网站报道,23岁的非洲裔男子维克托·伊曼纽尔·拉罗萨在佛罗里达州杰克逊维尔一个院子里被警察射杀。

July 2

The Washington Post website reported that Victor Emanuel Larosa, an unarmed 23-year-old African-American man, was shot by police in a yard in Jacksonville, Florida.

7日 《华盛顿邮报》网站报道,由美国所主导的联军应对162名叙利亚平民的死亡负责,其中包括51名儿童和35名妇女。

July 7

The Washington Post website cited the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights as saying that the U.S.-led coalition is responsible for the deaths of 162 civilians, including 51 children and 35 women.

10日《今日美国》网站报道,美国一些顶尖心理学家帮助美国中央情报局及国防部虐待囚犯。美国心理学家协会的两位前主席成了美国中央情报局专家顾问团的成员,领导该协会道德监督办公室的史蒂芬·本克也瞒着协会获得了一份旨在培训五角大楼审讯官的合同。

July 10

The USA Today website reported that some top psychologists had helped CIA and Pentagon bolster torture. Two former presidents of the American Psychological Association served as members of a CIA advisory panel. The association's ethics office, led by Stephen Behnke, also obtained a contract to train Pentagon interrogators.

12日英国广播公司网站报道,据维基解密网站披露,美国一直监听日本的内阁官员、银行和公司,监听至少追溯到8年以前。通过监听,美国获悉了日本在许多问题上的内部讨论,包括贸易对话、气候变化政策、核能和能源政策等,还包括在日本首相官邸召开的秘密会议的内容。美国也一直在监听德国、法国、巴西等国家。

July 12

A BBC website report cited Wikileaks as saying that the United States had been spying on Japanese cabinet officials, banks and companies since at least eight years ago. Wikileaks says the United States was aware of Japan's internal discussions on issues such as trade talks, climate change policy and nuclear and energy policy - as well as the contents of a confidential briefing in Prime Minister's Shinzo Abe's residence. Wikileaks had previously released files showing the United States spied on Germany, France and Brazil - like Japan, all allies.

14日皮尤中心的调查显示,美国贫困儿童占贫困总人口的比例要大于儿童占总人口的比例。18岁以下人口占总人口的四分之一,但18岁以下的贫困人口却占贫困总人口的三分之一。非洲裔和拉美裔的贫困儿童比例更是大大高于其所占人口的比例。

July 14

A Pew Research Center analysis found that children make up a larger share of the United States' impoverished than of the population as a whole - those younger than 18 make up about a quarter of the total population, but make up about a third of all Americans in poverty. African-American and Hispanic-American children in particular are overrepresented.

17日《华盛顿邮报》网站报道,美国民权组织对北卡罗来纳州通过法律限制提前投票日期、终止同日注册和禁止非选区选民投票提出指控,认为这严重损害了非洲裔美国选民的选举权。

July 17

The Washington Post website reported that the U.S. civil rights organizations accused North Carolina of limiting the time for early voting, ending same-day registration and banning voters from casting ballots in places other than their home constituencies through legislation. The report said the conduct seriously damaged the electoral rights of the African-American voters.

19日 《华盛顿邮报》网站报道,43岁的非洲裔男子塞缪尔·杜波斯在俄亥俄州奥本山被警察射杀。

July 19

The Washington Post website reported that Samuel Debase, an unarmed 43-year-old African-American man, was shot by police in Mt. Auburn, Ohio.

28日《赫芬顿邮报》网站报道,美国前总统吉米·卡特接受采访时表示:“现在美国只有寡头政治,无限制的政治贿赂成为提名总统候选人或当选总统的主要影响因素。州长、参议员和国会成员的情况也是如此。现在我们的政治体系已经遭到颠覆,它只是用来为主要的献金者提供回报。”普通美国人的意愿微不足道,对公共政策的影响接近于零。

July 28

The Huffington Post reported on its website that former U.S. President Jimmy Carter said in an interview that "Now it's just an oligarchy with unlimited political bribery being the essence of getting the nominations for president or being elected president. And the same thing applies to governors, and U.S. Senators and Congress members. So, now we've just seen a subversion of our political system as a payoff to major contributors, who want and expect, and sometimes get, favors for themselves after the election is over." The preferences of the average American appeared to have only a minuscule, near-zero, statistically non-significant impact upon public policy.

31日《金融时报》网站报道,美国法律允许超级政治行动委员会从个人和企业筹集不受限额的资金,这改变了美国的政治格局,使亿万和百万富翁们可以更高效地向竞选者提供巨额的资金支持。美国一些最富有的家族希望花钱来影响选举结果。向2016年总统候选人提供百万美元以上捐款者的数量预计将大大超过此前历届选举。

July 31

The Financial Times reported on its website that the U.S. law allows unlimited contributions to super PACs by individuals and corporations, which changed the political landscape of the nation and enabled billionaires and millionaires to donate a huge amount of fund to presidential candidates more effectively. Some affluent families hoped that they can influence the election results via their wealth. The number of donors who contributed more than one million U.S. dollars to presidential candidates would swamp the 2016 presidential race like never before.

同日,《今日美国》网站报道,根据全美地产经纪商协会三月份的报告,房租和家庭收入之间的差距已经扩大到无法维持的水平。On the same day, the USA Today website reported that according to a March report by the National Association of Realtors, the gap between rental costs and household income had been widening to unsustainable levels in the United States.
同日,联合国关于买卖儿童、儿童卖淫和儿童色情制品问题特别报告员莫德·布尔·布基契奥向联合国提交报告指出,同性恋者、跨性别者和双性者在美国的离家出走、无家可归青年救助方案和儿童福利体系中所占比例极大,他们中有42%的人受过性剥削。According to a report to the United Nations by Maud de Boer-Buquicchio, the UN Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, in the United States, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex youth are disproportionately represented in runaway and homeless youth programs and child welfare systems and 42 percent of them have been sexually exploited.
八月AUGUST
3日在联合国秘书长向联合国第七十届会议提交的《有效促进〈在民族或族裔、宗教和语言上属于少数群体者权利宣言〉》的文件中,联合国人权委员会对美国仍对种族定性的做法以及执法人员对某些族裔群体特别是穆斯林的监视继续予以关切。联合国特别报告员等曾在2014年12月对美国裁定米歇尔·布朗案和埃里克·加纳案不予审判表示关切。

Aug. 3

In the document on the Effective promotion of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities, a report of the United Nations Secretary-General submitted to the seventieth session of the General Assembly, the Human Rights Committee remained concerned about the practice of racial profiling and surveillance by law enforcement officials targeting certain ethnic minorities, notably Muslims. In December 2014, the Special Rapporteur expressed concerns over the decision not to bring to trial the cases of Michael Brown and Eric Garner in the United States.

4日《美国新闻与世界报道》网站报道,2010年以来,已经有21个州通过了新的法律来限制投票权的行使,一些州缩短了提前投票时间,其他的州则限制了证明合法选民身份的有效文件的数量。有14个州将在2016年的总统大选中首次实施限制投票权行使的新措施。公民选举权成为两党恶性竞争的牺牲品。

Aug. 4

According to an article on the website of the U.S. News and World Report, since 2010, a total of 21 states had adopted new laws to limit the exercise of suffrage. Some states shortened the time for early voting, while others limited the number of documents identifying one as a lawful voter. A total of 14 states will carry out fresh measures to limit the exercise of suffrage for first time in 2016 presidential election. The voting rights were hit by the vicious competition between the two parties.

同日,美国全国广播公司财经频道网站报道,2015年受托人社会保障和医疗保险的信托基金报告显示,美国社会保障系统已有25.8万亿美元的亏损。On the same day, CNBC Finance said data from the 2015 Trustees of the Social Security and Medicare trust funds report showed that the U.S. social security system was 25.8 trillion U.S. dollars in the red.
同日,在联合国秘书长提交给联合国大会第七十届会议的《在反恐中保护人权和基本自由》的文件中,联合国人权事务委员会在审查美国的情况时指出,警察或安全部队成员在逮捕、审讯恐怖主义嫌犯时有计划地实施酷刑、虐待行为或过度使用武力。委员会特别指出没有看到美国关闭关塔那摩监狱的时间表,呼吁美国尽快移交指定要移交的被羁押者。On the same day, in a document provided to the UN General Assembly by the UN General Secretary, the UN Human Rights Council expressed concern in relation to systematic practices of torture, ill-treatment or excessive use of force by members of the police or the security forces during arrest and/or interrogation of terroristic suspects. The Committee specifically raised the issue of the lack of a timeline for closure of the Guantanamo Bay facility and called for the transfer, as soon as possible, of detainees designated for transfer.
5日皮尤中心的调查显示,有53%的白人认为美国当前需要加强种族平等,比2014年高出14个百分点。86%的非洲裔美国人认为必须继续做出改变来实现种族平等。

Aug. 5

Figures released by Pew Research Center showed 53 percent of whites say more needs to be done to achieve racial equality, up 14 percentage points from 2014. Eighty-six percent of African Americans said that changes must continue to be made to achieve racial equality.

7日联合国酷刑问题特别报告员胡安·门德斯向联合国提交的报告中指出,美国中情局在2001年9月11日后实施特别引渡和秘密拘留方案,与其他国家相互协作和协助对个人实施绑架、转移、法外拘押和酷刑。

Aug. 7

The report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, submitted by Juan E. Mendez to the UN General Assembly said the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency conducted an extraordinary rendition and secret detention program after 11 September 2001, which saw the United States collaborate with some other countries and assist one another in abducting, transferring, extrajudicially detaining and subjecting individuals to torture.

12日联合国秘书长向联合国第七十届会议提交的《关于儿童权利公约的现状》的报告指出,美国仍未批准或加入《儿童权利公约》。美国是目前唯一一个没有批准或加入《儿童权利公约》的国家。

Aug. 12

According to a report submitted by the UN Secretary-General to the Assembly at its seventieth session on the status of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the United States has yet to ratify the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The United States is so far the only country that is yet to ratify the convention.

15日《今日美国》网站报道,数据显示,47%的农村拉美裔婴儿出生于贫困。康奈尔大学的研究人员指出:“这些孩子从一开始就输在了起跑线上,面临不能健康成长的风险。”

Aug. 15

The USA Today website reported that 47 percent of rural Hispanic-American babies are born poor. The report quoted a Cornell University researcher as saying that "These babies are starting behind the starting line... And their opportunities as they move into adulthood are jeopardized."

18日皮尤中心报告显示,美国社会保障2015年的收支差距预计大约是840亿美元。据预测,社会保障综合储备到2034年可能完全枯竭。残疾人保险信托基金可能在2016年底就会枯竭,养老和抚恤金预计在2035年被耗尽。

Aug. 18

According to a Pew Research Center report, the revenue-expenditure gap in Social Security fund in the United States was projected to be around 84 billion U.S. dollars. It was forecast that Social Security's combined reserves likely would be fully depleted by 2034. The disability-insurance trust fund could run dry as soon as the end of 2016, while the old-age and survivors' fund was expected to be depleted in 2035.

23日 博根项目网站报道,美国医疗护理水平在11个发达国家中倒数第一,婴儿死亡率最高,在预防死亡方面排名倒数第二。

Aug. 23

The United States was reported to have the worst medical care system and the highest number of infant mortalities out of 11 developed countries and it ranked second to last in preventable deaths, said a report published on the Borgen Project website.

24日美国广播公司网站报道,最新调查显示,美国正在接受治疗的吸毒者中五分之一的人是在18岁之前通过父母初次接触毒品的,其中6%的人甚至使用过海洛因。

Aug. 24

The ABC news website reported that a survey said that one in five drug abusers in some treatment programs in the United States received their first taste of these illegal substances from their parents, usually before the age of 18, and of these 6 percent even used heroin with them.

26日美国哥伦比亚广播公司弗吉尼亚州分支机构电视台的一名记者和一名摄影师,当日早晨现场直播采访时被枪击身亡。凶手发给美国广播公司传真表示,他的作案动机源于2015年6月一名白人在南卡罗来纳州非洲裔教堂实施的枪击案。

Aug. 26

A reporter and a photographer of the local CBS television station in Virginia were shot and killed while filming a morning live television report. A manifesto sent to ABC News by the killer revealed that he was motivated by an African-American church shooting happened in June, 2015 in South Carolina that was conducted by a white man.

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