《国家人权行动计划（2012-2015年）》实施评估报告
Assessment Report on the Implementation of the National Human
Rights Action Plan of China (2012-2015)
0 
调整字号大小: 
| 一、总体执行情况 | I. Overall Implementation |
| 2012－2015年，是中国人权事业发展很不平凡的四年。在努力实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的征程中，中国政府围绕全面建成小康社会、全面深化改革、全面依法治国、全面从严治党的战略布局，将人权事业的发展与经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设和生态文明建设相结合，不断加大各项人权保障力度，努力完成《国家人权行动计划（2012－2015年）》规定的主要目标和任务，中国人权事业又上了一个新台阶。 | hina's human rights cause saw extraordinary development during the four years from 2012 to 2015. While striving to realize the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, the Chinese government combined its human rights endeavors with economic, political, cultural, social and ecological construction in accordance with its strategic blueprint to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects, comprehensively deepen reform, advance the law-based governance and strengthen Party self-discipline. It has taken various steps to strengthen the protection of human rights and worked strenuously to achieve the main targets and tasks set by the National Human Rights Action Plan (2012-2015), advancing the cause of human rights in China to a new stage. |
| ——坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，加快全面建成小康社会，保障人民的经济、社会和文化权利。 | -- Sticking to the vision of people-centered development, speeding up the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and ensuring people's economic, social and cultural rights |
| 2012－2015年，面对错综复杂的国际形势和艰巨繁重的国内改革发展稳定任务，中国政府坚持创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的新发展理念，主动适应和引领经济发展新常态，不断深化改革，扩大开放，坚持稳增长、促改革、调结构、惠民生、防风险，推动经济更有效率、更加公平、更可持续发展，改革发展红利惠及全体人民，使全体人民在共建共享中有更多获得感。 | From 2012 to 2015, faced with a complex international situation and the challenging tasks of promoting reform and development while maintaining stability at home, the Chinese government stuck to the new vision of innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development, actively adapted to and promoted the 'new normal' in economic development, and made unceasing efforts to deepen reform and opening-up. It stuck to the policy of maintaining stable growth, promoting reform, making structural adjustments, improving people's lives and guarding against risks to push for more efficient, fairer and more sustainable growth. It also worked to ensure that all people can enjoy the dividend of reform and development and that they gain an increasingly greater sense of benefit. |
| 2012－2015年，中国国内生产总值年均增长7.4%，城镇居民人均可支配收入年均增长7.5%，农村居民人均纯收入年均增长9.2%，城镇登记失业率保持在4.1%以内，农村贫困人口减少6663万人，常住人口城镇化率上升到56.1%，全国城镇保障性安居工程基本建成2428万套。基本医疗保险参保率95%以上，基本养老保险参保率超过80%。公共服务体系基本建成，教育公平得到更好落实，全民健康状况明显改善，互联网建设加快推进，为公民享受文化权利提供了更便捷条件。环境治理力度加大，生态文明建设取得新进展。少数民族、妇女、儿童、老年人和残疾人权利得到进一步保障。 | From 2012 to 2015, China's GDP grew at an average annual rate of 7.4 percent. The per capita disposable income of urban residents increased by 7.5 percent annually while the per capita net income for rural residents increased by 9.2 percent annually. The registered urban unemployment rate was kept within 4.1 percent. 66.63 million people in rural areas were lifted out of poverty. The number of permanent urban residents has increased to account for 56.1 percent of the total population. 24.28 million government-subsidized housing units were basically completed in urban areas. Basic medical insurance was expanded to cover over 95 percent of the population and participation in basic old-age insurance plans exceeded 80 percent. A public service system was basically completed and equal access to education was better enforced. The overall health conditions of the population improved notably. Internet construction accelerated, allowing citizens easier access to enjoy their cultural rights. Greater efforts were made to improve the environment and new progress was achieved in ecological conservation. The rights and interests of ethnic minorities, women, children, the elderly and people with disabilities have been further guaranteed. |
| ——坚持建设社会主义法治国家，努力实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，切实保障公民权利和政治权利。 | -- Building a socialist law-based country, striving to modernize the state governance system and governance capacity and guaranteeing citizens' civil and political rights |
| 社会主义民主政治建设稳步发展，政务公开加快推进，推广电子政务和网上办事，公民知情权、参与权、表达权、监督权得到保障。深入推进简政放权，设立权力清单制度。2014－2015年，取消和下放557项行政审批事项，取消272项职业资格许可和认定事项，彻底终结了非行政许可审批。完善执政党的规章条例，依法惩治腐败犯罪和职务犯罪，为人权保障创造良好的政治和法治环境。深化司法体制改革，优化司法职权配置，完善司法责任制，推进司法公开；修改完善诉讼制度，严格落实罪刑法定、疑罪从无、非法证据排除等法律原则，加强律师执业权利保障，坚决防止和纠正冤假错案；确保司法机关依法独立公正行使职权，依法保障公民的人身权、公正审判权等各项权利，努力让人民群众在每一个司法案件中感受到公平正义。 | The socialist democracy was steadily moved forward. Efforts were accelerated to increase government transparency and expand the application of e-government and online administration. Citizens' rights to be informed, to participate, to be heard and to oversee were guaranteed. Further efforts were made to streamline administration and delegate powers. A power list system was established. From 2014 to 2015, the government delegated the power or canceled the requirement for government review for 557 items; canceled the requirement for verification or approval for 272 professional qualifications; and put a complete stop to the practice of non-administrative review and approval. It improved regulations governing the ruling party and punished corruption and job-related crimes, creating a sound political and legal environment for the protection of human rights. Efforts were made to deepen the reform of the judicial system, to optimize the allocation of judicial powers, to improve the system of judicial responsibilities and to promote judicial transparency. The system of legal proceedings was revised and improved and the legal principles were strictly implemented to ensure legally prescribed punishment for a crime, innocence until proven guilty and the exclusion of illegal evidence. Stringent efforts were made to guarantee lawyers' rights to perform their duties and to guard against and rectify wrong or false convictions. Guarantees were in place to ensure that judicial organs can perform their duties independently and justly in accordance with the law. Citizens' rights of the person and rights to a fair trial were protected in accordance with the law to ensure that they can feel fairness and justice in every judicial case. |
| ——坚持社会主义核心价值观，推进人权理论研究和人权教育，努力提升全社会尊重和保障人权意识。 | -- Upholding core socialist values, promoting human rights theory research and human rights education, and striving to improve the public's awareness to respect and protect human rights |
| 在全社会大力倡导富强、民主、文明、和谐，倡导自由、平等、公正、法治，倡导爱国、敬业、诚信、友善，积极培育和践行社会主义核心价值观。社会主义核心价值观是中国人民的共同理想和精神支柱，规定了中国特色社会主义建设的本质要求和发展方向，也对中国人权事业发展起着重要的指导和引领作用。 | The ideas of prosperity, democracy, civilization, harmony, freedom, equality, justice, rule of law, patriotism, dedication, integrity and friendship were actively promoted for the whole society so as to nurture and practice core socialist values. These values are the common aspirations and spiritual prop of the Chinese people. They define the basic requirements and development direction of socialism with Chinese characteristics and play an important role in guiding and leading the development of China's human rights cause. |
| 开展多种形式的人权教育和培训，传播人权理念，普及人权知识。把人权法治教育融入全民普法、学校教育和专门教育工作中，人权教育大众化、专业化水平不断提高。加强领导干部、公职人员的人权法治教育，国务院新闻办公室多次举办人权知识培训班。支持高校人权相关专业建设和人才培养，新增5个“国家人权教育与培训基地”，提前完成行动计划确定的任务。积极开展人权学术研究，中国特色社会主义人权理论研究取得丰硕成果。 | Human rights education and training were conducted in various forms to promote the ideas about human rights and to spread the knowledge on human rights. Human rights and legal education were incorporated into the campaign to increase the public's knowledge of the law, school education and specialized education. The level of access and specialization of human rights education has been steadily raised. Human rights and legal education for leading officials and public office holders were enhanced, with the State Council Information Office holding multiple training sessions on human rights. Higher education institutions were encouraged to open human rights courses and to train personnel and five new "national-level human rights education and training bases" were set up, completing the tasks set by the Action Plan ahead of schedule. Academic research on human rights was actively conducted and fruitful results were achieved on the research on human rights theories with Chinese characteristics. |
| ——坚持在平等和相互尊重的基础上开展国际人权交流与合作，认真履行国际人权条约，推动国际人权事业健康发展。 | -- Conducting international exchanges and cooperation on human rights on the basis of equality and mutual respect, faithfully fulfilling obligations under international human rights conventions, promoting the healthy development of international human rights endeavors |
| 2012－2015年，中国继续认真履行已加入的国际人权条约义务，与有关条约机构就中国执行《残疾人权利公约》《儿童权利公约》《经济、社会和文化权利国际公约》《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》《禁止酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚公约》情况开展建设性对话。顺利接受联合国人权理事会第二轮国别人权审查。深入参与联合国大会第三委员会、联合国人权理事会等多边人权会议。同联合国妇女署联合举办全球妇女峰会。 | From 2012 to 2015, China continued to earnestly fulfill its obligations under the international human rights conventions to which it is a signatory and held constructive dialogue with relevant treaty bodies on China's implementation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. China participated and passed the second round of the UN Human Rights Council's Universal Periodic Review. It took an active part in multilateral human rights meetings hosted by the Third Committee of UN General Assembly and the UN Human Rights Council. China and UN Women jointly held the Global Leaders' Meeting on Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment. |
| 2012－2015年，中国同美国、欧盟、英国、德国、澳大利亚、瑞士等举行20余次人权对话和交流，同俄罗斯、巴西、巴基斯坦、古巴等开展10余次人权磋商和交流。中国人权研究会和中国人权发展基金会联合主办了4届“北京人权论坛”。 | From 2012 to 2015, China held over 20 human rights dialogues and exchanges with the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Switzerland and others. It conducted more than 10 human rights consultations and exchanges with countries including Russia, Brazil, Pakistan and Cuba. The China Society for Human Rights Studies and the China Foundation for Human Rights Development jointly hosted four meetings of the Beijing Forum on Human Rights. |
| 在中国政府和全国各族人民的共同努力下，到2015年年底，如期完成了计划预定的主要目标任务，其中约48%的约束性指标、50%以上的涉民生指标提前或超额完成，《行动计划》得到全面落实。 | With the joint efforts of the Chinese government and its people from all ethnic groups, major targets and tasks set by the Action Plan had been fulfilled as scheduled by the end of 2015. Of these, about 48 percent of the binding targets and over 50 percent of the targets concerning the people's livelihood had been met ahead of time or exceeded, thus realizing the comprehensive implementation of the Action Plan. |
| 在《行动计划》规定的约束性指标之外，中国政府积极回应社会热点和民众诉求，做了大量促进人权保障的工作。自2012年起，异地高考逐步开放，受教育权得到更加充分的落实；2013年12月，劳动教养制度被废止；2015年8月，对四类服刑罪犯予以特赦；审议通过刑法修正案（九），在立法上取消了9个罪名的死刑，适用死刑的罪名从原来的55个减少至46个，等等。 | Besides the binding targets stipulated in the Action Plan, the Chinese government actively responded to hot issues and peoples' complaints and made extra efforts to strengthen the protection of human rights. Starting in 2012, restrictions on students taking national college entrance exams in places where their parents work and live were gradually lifted and their rights to education were further enhanced. In December 2013, the reeducation through labor system was abolished. In August 2015, four categories of criminals serving their prison terms were pardoned under an amnesty and Amendment IX to the Criminal Law was deliberated and passed. The amendment abolished the death penalty for 9 crimes, reducing the number of crimes where the death penalty is applicable from 55 to 46. |
| 中国共产党和中国政府坚持把人权的普遍性原则同中国实际相结合，显著提高了人民生存权、发展权的保障水平，促进了经济、社会和文化权利、公民权利和政治权利全面协调发展，成功走出了一条适合中国国情的人权发展道路。《行动计划》的如期完成，充分表现出中国共产党和中国政府全面有序推进人权事业发展的决心和信心，显示了中国特色社会主义制度的巨大优越性。 | The Communist Party of China and the Chinese government incorporated the principle of universality of human rights into China's national conditions and substantially improved protection of people's rights to subsistence and development, promoted the coordinated development of economic, social and cultural rights as well as civil and political rights, successfully charting a path of human rights development suiting China's national conditions. The fulfilling of the Action Plan as scheduled fully demonstrates the commitment and confidence of the Communist Party of China and the Chinese government to promote the development of the human rights cause in a coordinated and orderly way and the huge advantage of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics. |
| 人权保障没有最好，只有更好。中国政府清醒地认识到，虽然中国人权事业的发展取得巨大成就，但还面临诸多挑战。经济发展方式粗放，不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题仍然突出，城乡区域发展差距仍然较大，与人民群众切身利益相关的医疗、教育、养老、食品药品安全、收入分配、环境等方面还有一些困难要解决，一些领域的不正之风和腐败形势不容忽视。在中国，实现更高水平的人权保障任重道远，依然要付出艰巨努力。 | There is no best, only better human rights protection. The Chinese government is keenly aware it still faces many challenges despite China's tremendous achievements in the development of human rights. Its economic development mode is still crude and it is still fraught with problems from unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable development. There is still a big gap between urban and rural development. There are still problems of immediate concern to the people remaining to be solved, including medical care, education, old age care, food and drug safety, income distribution and the environment. The corruption and misconduct in some sectors cannot be ignored. There is still a long way to go to realize higher-level protection of human rights in China and hard efforts must be made. |
| 2015年9月，中国国家主席习近平在致北京人权论坛的贺信中指出，中国人民历经苦难，深知人的价值、基本人权、人格尊严对社会发展进步的重大意义。实现人民充分享有人权是人类社会的共同奋斗目标，中国将坚定不移地推进中国人权事业和世界人权事业的共同发展，不断为人类文明进步事业作出更大贡献。 | In a congratulatory letter to the Beijing Forum on Human Rights in September 2015, Chinese President Xi Jinping pointed out that the Chinese people have gone through much suffering and know very well the great significance of human value, basic human rights and human dignity to social development and progress. It is a common objective of the human society for people to fully enjoy human rights. China will steadfastly advance the human rights cause both in China and the rest of the world and work to make greater contribution to the advancement of human civilization. |
| 跳转至目录 >> | Back to Contents >> |
Go to Forum >>0 Comment(s)