换一种语言读金庸(五)

 
Comment(s)打印 E-mail 中国网 2018-04-27
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作者:王晓辉

金庸的武侠小说,多是以连载的形式先在报刊上发表,最后才集结成书,问世以来,长盛不衰。据说他的小说销售量达3亿册,如果算上盗版,可能会达到10亿册。就影响力来说,真找不到第二个作家能与金庸比肩。波士顿大学教授Peter Liu在就《射雕英雄传》英译本出版接受NPR采访时这样评价金庸:

“It is difficult to overestimate (Jin Yong's) cultural influence. He turns novels into an encyclopedia of Chinese history, medicine, geography, mathematics...”

的确,金庸的作品之所以能引人入胜,吸引几代读者, 不仅仅因为他的想象力、幽默感,还因为他的作品本身就是一部中国文化的百科全书。出人意表的情节,匪夷所思的武功,无不让人拍案叫绝,欲罢不能,就连酒菜果品,也被他写得活色生香,令人食指大动。


《射雕英雄传》第七回,郭靖遇见了扮作小叫化的黄蓉,邀请她一起吃饭。郭靖只道牛肉和羊肝便是天下最好的美味,哪知道眼前这个小叫化竟然是个美食家!

那少年道:“……先来四干果、四鲜果、两咸酸、四蜜饯。这种穷地方的小酒店,好的东西谅你也弄不出,就这样吧,干果四样是荔枝、桂圆、蒸枣、银杏。鲜果你拣时鲜的。咸酸要砌香樱桃和姜丝梅儿,不知这儿买不买到?蜜饯嘛?就是玫瑰金橘、香药葡萄、糖霜桃条、梨肉好郎君。”店小二听他说得十分在行,不由得收起小觑之心。那少年又道:“下酒菜这里没有新鲜鱼虾,就来八个马马虎虎的酒菜吧。”店小二问道:“爷们爱吃什么?”少年道:“唉,不说清楚定是不成。八个酒菜是花炊鹌子、炒鸭掌、鸡舌羹、鹿肚酿江瑶、鸳鸯煎牛筋、菊花兔丝、爆獐腿、姜醋金银蹄子……”

Anna Holmwood的译文:

"First we will eat some fruit and nuts, four dried, four fresh, two sour-salted and four preserved in honey. ...we'll have to make do with dried lychees, longans, steamed jujube and ginkgo nuts. As for the fresh, give us whatever's in season. And we want sliced, perfumed sour cherries and sour plums with ginger. Can you get them here? And the honeyed? Hmm. Rose-scented kumquats, grapes, sugar-coated peach and some pear, done in the style of Lord my Master."

The waiter was impressed and no longer haughty with the boy.

"I take it you don't have any fresh fish or seafood to have with our wine," the young man continued. "So we will have to be content with eight dishes of whatever you've got."

"What do you sirs like in particular?"

"Of course, they need to be explained down to the last detail," the boy sighed. "Petal-dressed quail, fried duck feet, chicken tongue soup, drunk deer tripe, pan-fried beef done in two ways, rabbit slivers in chrysanthemum, flame-cooked venison and ...pig's trotter in ginger vinegar."

这一大串果品菜肴,可真够译者受的。英语里菜名,往往只说明原料即可,如Fish & Chips,Tomato Soup,Shrimp Salad……,中国的菜谱则复杂多了,色、香、味、料、器、型,包括做法和人文掌故,往往都要体现在菜名中。煎炒烹炸煸,煨炖蒸煮涮,能说明白吗?东坡肘子,听起来很有文化,其实就是猪肘子;西施舌让个别人浮想联翩,不过是海边生长的一种贝类;猪八戒踢足球更是挑战食客的想象力,端上来一看才知道,原来是两瓣猪蹄子夹一个鸡蛋……


Anna Holmwood能够把这么复杂的菜名比较清楚地呈现给读者,实属不易。有一个地方值得我们花点时间探讨一下。四蜜饯里的“梨肉好郎君”到底是什么?史书记载南宋大臣张俊为宋高宗安排了一场豪华宴会,流传下来的菜谱中就有“荔枝好郎君”和上面提到的“砌香樱桃”、“蒸枣”和“花炊鹌子”。因为《射雕》故事背景是南宋,我猜测金庸先生是为了更贴近真实而参考了这些史料,借用了菜名。如果真是这样,说明金庸创作态度认真,誉满天下,绝非浪得虚名。不过,金庸是大学问家兼美食家,这些原本就是他心里的菜,随手写出,也未可知,就轮不到我在这里瞎操心了。

“荔枝好郎君”是福建一带传统小食品,是女婿看望丈母娘常带的礼物,故有“好郎君”之说。不论是什么“好郎君”,都是给翻译出了一个大难题。英文翻译成“pear, done in the style of Lord my Master”还是不妥。这样翻译,字面的意思就是“按照我老公的风味腌制的梨肉果脯”,这老公的口味也太重了吧?

说了半天,“梨肉好郎君”到底应该怎么译呢?说真话,我也不知道。问了几个朋友,大家七嘴八舌,莫衷一是。要不然,译成“preserved pear, gift from ideal son-in-law”,各位看官以为如何?

另外,“炒鸭掌”还是翻译成“fried duck web”为好,鸭子脚就是蹼。

这一段关于菜肴的描写还不是最玄乎的。到了小说的第十二回亢龙有悔,九指神丐洪七公出场。黄蓉为了哄洪七公开心,传授降龙十八掌给郭靖,给他做了近乎传说的菜:“好逑汤”、“玉笛谁家听落梅”、“二十四桥明月夜”。英译本的第二卷还没有出,不知Anna Holmwood将如何应对。

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