| 中菲南海有关争议的由来 | Origin of the Relevant Disputes Between China and the Philippines in the South China Sea |
| 中菲南海有关争议的核心是菲律宾非法侵占中国南沙群岛部分岛礁而产生的领土问题。此外，随着国际海洋法制度的发展，中菲在南海部分海域还出现了海洋划界争议。 | The core of the relevant disputes between China and the Philippines in the South China Sea lies in the territorial issues caused by the Philippines' invasion and illegal occupation of some islands and reefs of China's Nansha Qundao. In addition, with the development of the international law of the sea, a maritime delimitation dispute also arose between the two states regarding certain maritime areas of the South China Sea. |
| 自20世纪70年代起，菲律宾先后以武力侵占中国南沙群岛部分岛礁，并提出非法领土要求。从历史和国际法看，菲律宾对南沙群岛部分岛礁的领土主张毫无依据。 | Starting in the 1970s, the Philippines invaded and illegally occupied by force some islands and reefs of China's Nansha Qundao and raised illegal territorial claims. The Philippines' territorial claim over part of Nansha Qundao is groundless from the perspectives of either history or international law. |
| 第一，南沙群岛从来不是菲律宾领土的组成部分。菲律宾的领土范围是由包括1898年《美西和平条约》、1900年《美西关于菲律宾外围岛屿割让的条约》、1930年《关于划定英属北婆罗洲与美属菲律宾之间的边界条约》在内的一系列国际条约确定的。中国南海诸岛在菲律宾领土范围之外。 | First, Nansha Qundao has never been part of the Philippine territory. The territory of the Philippines is defined by a series of international treaties, including the 1898 Treaty of Peace between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain (the Treaty of Paris), the 1900 Treaty between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain for Cession of Outlying Islands of the Philippines (the Treaty of Washington), and the 1930 Convention between His Majesty in Respect of the United Kingdom and the President of the United States regarding the Boundary between the State of North Borneo and the Philippine Archipelago. The Philippines' territory so defined has nothing to do with China's Nanhai Zhudao. |
| 第二，“卡拉延岛群”是菲律宾发现的“无主地”，这一说法根本不成立。1978年，菲律宾将中国南沙群岛部分岛礁称为“卡拉延岛群”，是企图制造地理名称和概念上的混乱，并割裂南沙群岛。 | Second, the claim that "Kalayaan Island Group" is "terra nullius" discovered by the Philippines is groundless. In 1978, the Philippines singles out some islands and reefs of China's Nansha Qundao and name them "Kalayaan Island Group". This is an attempt to create confusion over geographical names and concepts, and dismember China's Nansha Qundao. |
| 第三，南沙群岛也不是所谓“托管地”。南沙群岛从未出现在有关国际条约或联合国托管理事会相关文件中。 | Third, Nansha Qundao is not "trust territory" either. Nansha Qundao was never included in any relevant international treaties or the documents of the United Nations Trusteeship Council. |
| 第四，菲律宾提出的“地理邻近”和“国家安全”都不是领土取得的国际法依据。 | Fourth, neither "contiguity or proximity" nor national security is a basis under international law for acquiring territory. |
| 第五，菲律宾称，中国南沙群岛部分岛礁位于其专属经济区和大陆架范围内，因此有关岛礁属于菲律宾或构成菲律宾大陆架组成部分。这一主张企图以《联合国海洋法公约》（以下简称《公约》）所赋予的海洋管辖权否定中国领土主权，与“陆地统治海洋”的国际法原则背道而驰，完全不符合《公约》的宗旨和目的。 | Fifth, the Philippines claims that some islands and reefs of China's Nansha Qundao are located within its exclusive economic zone and continental shelf and therefore should fall under its sovereignty or form part of its continental shelf. This is an attempt to use maritime jurisdiction provided for under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) to deny China's territorial sovereignty. This runs directly counter to the "land dominates the sea" principle, and goes against the purpose of UNCLOS. |
| 第六，菲律宾对中国南沙群岛部分岛礁所谓的“有效控制”是建立在非法侵占基础上的，是非法无效的，为国际法所明确禁止。国际社会不承认武力侵占形成的所谓“有效控制”。 | Sixth, the Philippines' so-called "effective control" of some islands and reefs of China's Nansha Qundao on the basis of its illegal seizure is null and void, and is unequivocally prohibited by international law. The international community does not recognize "effective control" created through occupation by force. |
