Nartsang Sangpa Ngawang, ed, Celebrating the Tenth Anniversary of the Establishment of the China Tibetan Language Senior Buddhist Colleg e, Religious Culture Press, Beijing, August 1997. 93 pp. Color il lus . 28×21 cm. ISBN 7-80123-091-4. Chinese-Tibetan-English trilingual edition. A collection of articles in celebrating the tenth anniversary of the college established on September 1,1987, including a brief introduction to the college, speech of Bainqen (Panchen) Erdini Qoiggi Gyaincain at the celebration meeting, grand ceremony marking the opening of the college, political and teaching affairs of the leaders of the college, and an introduction to the teachers, Buddhist activities of the 11th Panchen Lama, study and life of the Living Budd ha students, research achievements of Tibetan Buddhism, departments of the college and education of Buddhist personnel in the love for their country and religion.

Zhou Xiyin and Wang Chao, The Primitive Religion of the Tibetan Ethnic Group, Sichuan People's Publishing House, Chengdu , February 1999. 454 pp. Illus. 20 cm. ISBN 7-220-04314-7. A monograph systematically expounding the primitive religion of the Tibetan people. Containing reviews of the primitive worship and belief, wizard and witchcraft, activities and ceremonies of primitive belief, myths and legends and the evaluation of the primitive religion of the Tibetan people. With a preface by Ou Zegao, "The Primitive Religion of the Tibetans in Life of Kin g Gesar " and "Index of References on the Primitive Religion of the Tibetan Ethnic Group."

G. Tucci (Italian), Tibetan Religion, China Tibetology Publishing House, Beijing, September 1999. 394 pp. Illus. 20 cm. ISBN 7-80057-392-3. Discovery of Tibet Series. Translated by Geng Sheng. A representative work of Giaseppe Tucci (1894-1984), an Italian Ti b etologist. Seven chapters, giving an introduction to the earlier and later propagation of Buddhism in the Tubo period, basic features of Tibetan Lamaism, the tenets of major religious sects, life of the monks, religious calendar and festivals, popular religious faiths and the Bon religion in Tibet. With a "Chronology of Events of Tibet's Religion" and a "Bibliography."

S. Rinpoche (United States), Book on Birth and Death in Tibet, China Social Sciences Publishing House, Beijing; Qinghai People's Publishing House, Xining, June 1999. 494 pp. Illus. 20 cm. ISBN 7-5004-2495 -7. Discovery of Tibet Series. Translated by Zheng Zhenhuang. Four parts: birth, before death, death and reincarnation, and concluding remarks expounding death and deathbed problems and offering some practical methods. According to the author, death is the beginning of another life and a mirror reflecting life as a whole.

Buddhism

Religious Sects

Taktsang Lotsawa, On the Various Orders of Buddhism: Tex t and Annotations, Ethnic Publishing House, Beijing, October 1999. 230 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-105-03394-0. Collated by Tsultrim Gyeltsen. The author was a Sakyapa in the 15th century. Two parts: the text o f On the Various Orders of Buddhism and Annotations to "On the Various Orders of Buddhism": Text and Annotations, also written by the author himself. A detailed discussion on all orders of Buddhism in ancient India, especially the doctrine and teachings of the Madhyamika School founded by Nagarjuna.

Jigme Wangpo, A Brief Explanation on "A General Survey of Four Buddhist Schools," Ethnic Publishing House, Beijing, February 1996. 331 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-105-02520-4. Annotations by Khenrab Wangchuk. Annotations to "A General Survey of Four Buddhist Schools" written by the second Jamyang Hutuktu Jigme Wangpo (1728-1791), a book expounding the four main schools of Indian Buddhism, i.e., Sarvastivada (the Realistic School, asserting the reality of all phenomena, one of the early Hinayana sects), Sautrantika (an important Hinayana school, basing its doctrine on the sutras alone), the Dharmalaksana sect (which holds that all is mind in its ultimate nature), and Madhyamika School, or Middle School. Altogether 631 annotations to extensive terms.

Liu Liqian, Doctrines of Various Sects of Tibetan Buddhism and Tantric Buddhism, Ethnic Publishing House, Beijing, April 1997 . 192 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-105-02694-4. A discussion on the lineages, doctrines and characteristics of various sects of Tibetan Buddhism, including Nyingma, Kagyu, Sakya, Jonang and Gelug. Appended with the author's three articles: "A Brief Introduction to Tibetan Tantra," "A Commentary on the Life of Milarepa，" and "On the Concept of Great Perfection."

Sichuan Tibetan Language School, ed, An Account of Vario s Sects of Tibetan Buddhism and Annotations, Ethnic Publishing House, Beijing, March 2000. 727 pp. Illus. 20 cm. ISBN 7-105-03375-4.A textbook of the Sichuan Tibetan Language School. The book divides Tibetan Buddhism into 8 sects: Nyingma, Kadam, Sakya, Mar Kagyu, Shangpa Kagyu, Shiche, Jodrup and Nyendrup, with a full introduction to the founding and development of each sect. Appended with detailed annotations to difficult terms.

Li Jicheng and Xu Decun (ethnic Tibetan), Doctrines of Various Sects of Tibetan Buddhism, China Today Press, Beijing, November 1995. 263 pp. 18 cm. ISBN 7-5072-0548-7. Religious Culture Series. An introduction to the doctrines and teachings of various sects of Tibetan Buddhism. Eleven articles: "A General Survey of Tibetan Buddhism," "The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism and Its Great Perfection , "Lamp for the Path to Enlightenment and the Doctrine of the Kadam School," "The Kagyu School of Tibetan Buddhism and Its Mudra (literally meaning 'hand seal') Teaching," "The Sakya School of Tibetan Buddhism and Its Lamdre (meaning 'the path and its fruit') Teaching," "The Jonang School of Tibetan Buddhism and Its Doctrine of Immateriality," "Tsong khapa's 'The Great Exposition of the Madhyamika-shastra'," "Tsongkhapa's 'The Great Exposition of the Stages of the Path to Enlightenment (Lam-rim Chen- mo) - Also on the Meditation Practices of the Gelug School," "The Gelug School of Tibetan Buddhism and Its Teaching on 'Conditioned Co-Arising and All Things Empty of Nature'," and "Tantric Doctrine of Tibetan Buddhism."

Ou Shengming, Tibetan Buddhism, China Intercontinental Press, Beijing, June 1966. 43 pp. Illus. 20 cm. ISBN 7-80113-1 53-3. Tibet Series. A brief introduction to the formation of Tibetan Buddhism, the emergence and characteristics of various schools, and the founding of the reincarnation system of Living Buddhas, with the emphasis on the fact that Buddhist belief has been respected since the peaceful liberation of Tibet in 1951.

Hong Xue, ed, Tibetan Buddhism, Sichuan People's Publishing House, Chengdu, October 1996. 342 pp. Illus. 20 cm. ISBN 7-220-03434-2. A systematic introduction to the spread of Buddhism in Tibet, different religious sects of Tibetan Buddhism, the founding of the Gelug school, religious reform by Tsongkhapa, the merging of political and religious power, monastic education, the reincarnation system of Living Buddhas, rituals of Tibetan Buddhism, Tibetan Tantric Buddhism, and Tibetan Buddhist culture.

Tenpai Nyima, On the Characteristics of Tibetan Buddhism, Sichuan People's Publishing House, Chengdu, September 1996. 3 00 pp. Illus. 19 cm. ISBN 7-5409-1451-3. A comprehensive introduction, written in verse form, to the basic concepts of the four main orders of Tibetan Buddhism, i.e. the Sakya sect, Gelug sect, Kagyu sect, and Nyingma sect, in addition to a brief explanation of the differences between Buddhism and other religions and between Mahayana and Hinayana . With a biographical profile of the author.

Zhaglo, Under the Bodhi Tree: On the Tibetan Buddhist Cultural Circles, Qinghai People's Publishing House, Xining, January 1997. 279 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-225-01306-8. Tibetan Buddhist Cultural Phenomena Series. Revealing the developmental process and essential characteristics o f Tibetan Buddhist culture by way of using the "cultural circle" theory of Wes tern anthropology. The author creates a framework of three great regions: inner layer (the U-Tsang region with Shannan and Lhasa as its center), middle layer (a round the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau on the interim hilly land between the plateau an d plains), and the outer layer (sacred mountains and noted cities in the Mongolian grassland and the Central Plain). A comparative study between Tibetan Buddhist culture and other cultures.

Huang Weizhong, The Light of Buddha Goes West: The General Trend of Tibetan Buddhism, Qinghai People's Publishing House, Xin ing, January 1997. 215 pp. 20 cm. Tibetan Buddhist Cultural P henomena Series. ISBN 7-225-01148-0. A discussion on the westward spread of Tibetan Buddhism and the Westerners response to it.

Mutri Yonten Gyatso, Tibetan Buddhism and Tibetan Society, Qinghai People's Publishing House, Xining, September 1997. 21 6 pp. Tables. 18 cm. ISBN 7-225-01363-7. Six parts: the formation of the Tibetan ethnic group, origin and development of Tibetan Buddhism, theocracy in Tibetan history, monastic economy, and the developmental path of Tibetan society under the new conditions. Appendices: "The Chief Abbots of Sakya Monastery," "The Dalai Lamas," "The Panchen Lamas," "Diagram of Political and Religious Organizations of the Local Government of Tibet," and "The Agreement of the Central People's Government and t he Local Government of Tibet on Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet."

Xing Lin, Mysterious Lamaism in the East of the Snowland , Nanhai Publishing Company, Haikou, November 1998. 188 pp. Illus . 20 cm. ISBN 7-5442-1100-2. Here "east of the Snowland" refers to the Tibetan-inhabited areas in Sichuan, Qinghai, Gansu and Yunnan. Three parts: a general survey of Tibetan Buddhism, renowned monasteries, and sacred mountains in the east of the Snowland, with a detailed description of the history, religious institution and the present situation of the Lamaist monasteries. With a preface by Yangling Dorje.

Tsering, Tibetan Buddhism and Folk Customs, Ethnic Publishing House, Beijing, January 1999. 278 pp. Illus. 20 cm. ISB N 7-105- 03127-1. Inside and Outside of Buddhist Chapels Series. A discussion of Tibetan Buddhist beliefs and folk customs from many aspects, such as the Buddha, Bodhisattvas, Guardian-Protectors, founders of religious sects, Living Buddhas, worship, sacred mountains, sacred lakes, mountain gods, dragon gods, prediction, oracles, belief and crisis rites, religious meetings, religious dances, talismans, and taboos.

Chu Yading, Tales of Tibetan Buddhism, Sichuan Fine Arts Publishing House, Chengdu, September 1999. Illus. 200 pp. 20 c m. ISB N 7-5410-1682-9. Illustrated by Nyima Tsering. Religious Tales Series. A description of the formation and development of Tibetan Buddhism, its basic doctrine and representative personages by way of story-telling together with pictures.

Shi Shan, Monks and Nuns Life in Tibet, China Intercontinental Press, Beijing, June 1999. 41 pp. Illus. 20 cm. ISBN 7 -80113-5 24-5. Tibet Series. Two parts: "Distorted Lives of Tibetan Monks and Nuns" and "Tibetan Monks and Nuns New Life," describing the changes in the life of Tibetan monks and nuns before and after the Democratic Reform of 1959.

Zheng Dui, ed, Tibetan Religious Rituals and Lamas Lives , China Intercontinental Press, Beijing, December 1996. 17 pp. 19 .5× 19.5 cm. ISBN 7-80113-171-1. Tibetan Picture Album Series. An album of some 20 color pictures.

Ning Shiqun, Ascetic Practices and Joys of Life, Qinghai People's Publishing House, Xining, September 1998. 229 pp. 20 cm. I SBN 7-225-01585-0. Tibetan Buddhist Cultural Phenomena Series. Five chapters. A description of Tibetan monks lives in the eyes of a journalist.

Feng Zhi, Stupa and Golden Body: Funeral Rituals of Successive Dalai and Panchen Lamas, Hainan Publishing House, Haikou, March 1997. 216 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-80617-901-1. Gem s of Contemporary Tibetology Library Series. An introduction of the Tibetans attitudes to the soul, life and death and their various funeral rituals and ceremonies, with the focus on description of the 10th Panchen Lama's death, funeral rituals and the inauguration of his stupa. With a foreword by Geshe Sherab Gyatso.

Natsang Shangpa Ngawang, ed, A Collection of Tibetan Buddhist Rituals in Common Use, Ethnic Publishing House, Beijing, March 1998. 241 pp. 19 cm. ISBN 7-105-03006-2. The compiler, the Natsang Rinpoche, is the vice-president of the China Tibetan Language Senior Buddhist College. An introduction to the rituals most in use by the broad masses of Tibetan monks and laymen, such as the rituals for taking a bath, receiving religious rites, setting free captive animals, building a cart, a boat, or a house, etc.

Norbu Wangden, The Wheel of Life: Reincarnation of Tibetan Buddhist Living Buddhas, Qinghai People's Publishing House, Xining, October 1996. 264 pp. Tables. 20 cm. ISBN 7-225-01147-2. Tibetan Buddhist Cultural Phenomena Series. The internal factors and external mechanism for the formation of the Living Buddha reincarnation system, the status of this system in Tibetans religious and secular life, the Karmapa lineage (the first Karmapa was the one who initiated the reincarnation system), and a series of rituals and procedure that a re carried out during the course of reincarnation.

Cai Zhichun and Huang Hao, Reincarnation of Living Buddh s, Sinoculture Press, Beijing, January 2000. 257 pp. Illus. 20 cm. I SBN 7-5075-0912-5. Tibet Viewpoint Series. Ten chapters, giving a general account of the origin, process, procedures, and ways of the reincarnation system, the incarnate's receiving monastic education, life in monasteries, status, rank, lineage, monastic duty, confirmation of the reincarnation by the Central Government, conflicts on the issue of reincarnation, death and stupa burial. Nine appendices, including "Rules Concerning the Appointment of Hubilehan, the Incarnation of Living Buddhas," "29-Article Imperial Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet," "The Reincarnation Methods of Lamas," and "The Official, Written Reply of the State Council About Gyeltsen Norbu to Succeed the 10th Panchen Erdeni as the 11th Panchen Erdeni After Being Confirmed by Way of Drawing Lots from the Gold Urn." First published by the China Social Sciences Publishing House in September 1992, and listed in the Catalogue of Chinese Publications in Tibetan Studies (1992 -1995) published by the Foreign Languages Press in 1997.

Doctrine

Sangye Dondrup, Fundamental Principles of Buddhism, Gansu Ethnic Publishing House, Lanzhou, November 1997. 290 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-5421-0544-2. A general account of the fundamental principles of Buddhism. Three Parts: (1) judging all laws or things in accordance with the Truth satya and the satya of ordinary ideas of things; (2) the way of knowing all laws or things differentiating "three studies, or vehicles of learning discipline, meditation and wisdom" from "Tripitaka"; (3) t he goal is to attain the state of Buddhahood, i.e. the threefold body of the Buddha through the "three studies" and "Tripitaka."

Gedun, An Introduction to Buddhism, China Tibetology Publishing House, Beijing, December 1997. 256 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-80057-297-8. A brief account of Buddhism: ancient Indian cultural background for the origin of Buddhism, the Buddha and basic Buddhist ideology, and the development of Buddhism.

Ozer Rinchen Nyingpo Padma, Teaching Materials of "Prec ept of Samantabhadra," Sichuan Ethnic Publishing House, Chengdu, August 1996. 343 pp. 19 cm. ISBN 7-5409-1777-6. A detailed explanation of Precept of Samantabhadra, which was published by the Sichuan Ethnic Publishing House in June 1989 and included in the Catalogue of Chinese Publications in Tibetan Studies (1949-1991) published by the Foreign Languages Press in 1994.

Vimala, Stages of the Path to Great Perfection Supreme Wisdom (spoken language edition, transliteration edition), Ethnic Publishing House, Beijing, June 2000, 195 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-105-03806-3. Lectures b y Kelsang Tsultrim; translation by Liu Liqian. Collection of Works and Translations on Tibetan Studies by Liu Liqian.

Vimala, Great Perfection Wonderful Vehicle, Ethnic Publishing House, Beijing, June 2000. 221 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-105-03 805-5. Translation by Liu Liqian. Collection of Works and Translations on Tibetan Studies by Liu Liqian. Three articles, including "Great Perfection Wonderful Vehicle."

Jampel Tseten Phuntsok, "Elder Brother's Advice to Younger Brother" and Its Annotations, Ethnic Publishing House, Beijing , May 1997. 116 pp. 19 cm. ISBN 7-105-02745-2. Two parts: Elder Brother's Advice to Younger Brother of the Dunhuang Literature No. P. T. 1285, and annotations to it. Part 1 includes an elder brother's answers to his younger brother's questions on ho w to deal with people and solve problems before the younger brother leaving home on a trip, and Part 2 includes detailed notes by the renowned Tibetologist Jamp el Tseten Phuntsok on this article. With an article by the annotator, entitled: "Some Problems in Expounding Ancient Books."

"Advising Relatives to Do Good Things" and Annotations to It, Tibetan People's Publishing House, Lhasa, January 2000, 127 pp. 19 cm. ISBN 7-223-01247-1. The "Advising Relatives to Do Good Things" is a letter in verse form written by Nagarjuna, an ancient Indian Buddhist master, and was collected in Tengyur. The "Annotations" was compiled by the First Teaching and Research Section of the Language Department of the Central Institute for Ethnic Minorities as teaching materials.

Admonitions of Kadam Lamas, Qinghai Ethnic Pu blishing House, Xining, June 1996. 616 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-5420-0538-3. A collection of admonitions of Kadam lamas: Atisha, the founder of the Kadam Sect, and his disciples Dromtonpa and Legpe Sherab; Dromtonpa's four disciples: Potowa, Chenngapa, Phurchungpa, and Kanglungpa; and Potowa's disciples. A small number of admonitions of Butonpa and Gelug Sect lamas are also collected. The collector's name is unknown.

Shakabpa Tsodrup Rangdrol, The Sun Good to the People, Gansu Ethnic Publishing House, Lanzhou, October 1997. 185 pp. 20 cm. I SBN 7-5421-0540-X. Qinghai Ethnic Minorities Ancient Books Series. An ancient book written by Shakabpa Tsodrup Rangdrol (1781-1851), a Tibetan Buddhist Nyingma Sect monk and also an eminent Buddhist scholar, who wrote a total of 25 books. A collection of expositions of Buddhist doctrines on retribution, life and death, etc. through eminent Buddhist masters teachings advising people to follow "Ten Precepts" and "Eleven Precepts," and do good thing s for the people, accumulate merits and spread Buddhism. Compiled by Cai Xiangtai and Jin Suonan.

Tenzin Gyatso, Tibetan Buddhist Doctrine on Releasing Living Creatures as a Work of Merit, Ethnic Publishing House, Beijing, September 1998. 86 pp. Illus. 20 cm. ISBN 7-105-03254-5. Tibetan-Chinese bilingual edition. Based on Tibetan Buddhist doctrines, an account of killing living creatures, and the origin and way of releasing living creatures as a work of merit.

Rinchen Ponkor Dorje, The Buddha's Teachings as a Mirror, Sichuan Ethnic Publishing House, Chengdu, February 1999. 69 and 22 pp. Illus. 18 cm. ISBN 7-5409-2148-X. Tibetan-Chinese bilingual edition. A concise and to-the-point account in simple and lucid language of what the author has learned from the study of Buddhist doctrine.

Li Shangquan, ed, Exoteric and Esoteric Buddhist Culture (Vol. 1), Gansu People's Publishing House, Lanzhou, March 2000. 313 pp. Illus. 20 cm. ISBN 7-226-02199-4. Exoteric and Esoteric Buddhist Culture, a multi-volume work based on a study of Amdo and Dunhuang Buddhist cultures, the collected records of contemporary Buddhist masters sermons, Chinese translations of Tibetan Buddhist historical materials, and the Buddhist historical literature found in Hexi Corridor and to the south of the Yangtze River. Vol. 1 consists of 1 2 papers: "A General Account of the Practice and Transmission of Tantra at Adzong Monastery," "On the Formation of Tibetan Buddhism," "An Analysis of the Relations Between Jamyang Rinpoche of Labrang Monastery and the Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama," "Personal Experiences of the Stages of the Path to Enlightenment, " and others.

Dorshi, Wisdom from a Loving Heart, Ethnic Publishing House, Beijing, February 1996. 303 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-105-02584-0. Six papers by Dorshi Rinpoche, a professor with the Tibetan Languag e Department of the Northwest Institute for Ethnic Minorities, including: "A Popular Expounding on Three Essential Buddhist Doctrines," "An Explanation of Pr adjnaparamitahrdaya-sutra" (also known in its short form as "Heart Sutra"), "An Analysis of the Diamond Sutra," and "Problems Concerning the Rituals of Practicing Kalachakra (the Wheel of Time)," covering Buddhist doctrines, disciplines, important scriptures of Exoterism and Esoterism. Most of the papers based on Dorshi's lectures on Tibetan Buddhism since 1992. With a preface by the auth or, entitled "Wisdom from a Loving Heart."

Dorshi Losang Thubten Chophel, Wisdom from a Loving Heart (revised edition), Gansu Ethnic Publishing House, Lanzhou, Septembe r 1998. 420 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-5421-0590-6. To this revised edition is added an article entitled "On Some Important Cha racteristics That Distinguish Buddhism from Other Religions" and other relevant appendices.

Kache Polu (second edition), Tibetan People' s Publishing House, Lhasa, January 2000. 31 pp. 19 cm. ISBN 7-223-00439- 8. The first edition of the book was published by the Tibetan People' s Publishing House in 1992 and listed in the Catalogue of Chinese Publications in Tibetan Studies (1992-1995) published by the Foreign Languages Press in 1997.

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Ngaden Tenzin Sangpo, An Introduct ion to Tantra, Sichuan Ethnic Publishing House, Chengdu, May 1997. 35 6 pp. 19 cm. ISBN 7-5409-1633-8. Annotations to the "Essence of Dakini," which Padmasambhava taught to Dakini Yeshe Tsogyel. The sutra was preserved in terma (hidden treasure) and was discovered later by Padma Lhuntse and became a Tantric basic sutra of the Nyingma sect. This book makes a comprehensive introduction and detailed annotations to the sutra.

Khenpo Konchog Tenzin, Three Essentials of Tibetan Tantra, Tibetan People's Publishing House, Lhasa, September 1998. 78 pp. Illus. 18 cm. ISBN 7-223-01125-4. A brief account of Tibetan Tantra's three courses of "Basis, Path and Fruit" (taking right view, cultivating the stages of arising and perfection, and obtaining good result). With 15 colour pictures of Tantric masters.

Karma Chakmey, Notes of Great Seal Perfection Duel Cultivation Teachings, Qinghai Ethnic Publishing Hou se, Xining, July 1998. 263 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-5420-0705-X. A simple and to-the-point explanation of profound doctrine of Tibet an Buddhist Tantra in 18 courses by Karma Chakmey, a scholar of the Tibetan Buddhist Karma Sect (1603-1666).

Kalzang Gyal, Mysterious Tibetan Buddhist Culture: Tantra, Tibetan People's Publishing House, Lhasa, August 1996. 291 pp. Illus. 20 cm. ISBN 7-223-00944-6. A systematic account of the history of Tibetan Tantric culture, doc trines, practices and characteristics, with main points on the four classes of Tibetan Tantra: kriya_tantra (action Tantra), charya-tantra (elaboration Tantra), Yoga-tantra, and anuttar a-yoga-tantra (supreme yoga Tantra).

Dondrup Tsering, Light of Rainbow: Marvelous Spectacle of Tibetan Tantra, Qinghai People's Publishing House, Xining, September 1999. 383 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-225-01583-4. Tibetan Buddhist Cultural Phenomena Series. An introduction to Tibetan Tantra's history, development, Dharma tradition, doctrines of different sects, consecration rituals, and Tantric practice, complete with a detailed description of the practice and content of Tibetan Tantra.

Lhodrup Gyeltsen, On Disputes over Tantra During the First Diffusion of Buddhism in Tibet, Sichuan Ethnic Publishing House, Chengdu, October 1997. 396 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-5409-1665-6. Written by Sotodpa Lhodrup Gyeltsen, a Buddhist scholar in the 16th century. Expounding the origin, viewpoint, method and discipline of the Tantra in the First Diffusion of Buddhism in Tibet. With an introduction to the names o f Guardian Gods and their functions and many special terms seen in sutras.

[JP2]Tsewang Norbu, Tantric Miracles of Tibetan Buddhism , Gansu Ethnic Publishing House, Lanzhou, March 1999. 419 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-5421-0627-9.[JP] A collection of Tibetan historical works, biographies of Buddhist m asters and documentary literary works in 9 volumes. The works in each part arranged in accordance with historical events and the order of religious sects, without modification.

Tashi Gyatso, et al, Tantric R itua l Costumes and Instruments, Tibetan Ancient Books Publishing House, Lhasa, December 1996. 377 pp. Illus. 20 cm. ISBN 7-80589-022-6. Snowla nd Library. 14 articles about Tantric ritual costumes and instruments of Tibetan Buddhism, most of them written during the 14th-17th centuries. Compiled on the basis of handwritten copies. They are of great value to the study of Tibetan Tantra.

Marpa Lotsawa, Tibetan Tantric Con centration Meditation: Six Yogas of Naropa, Sichuan Ethnic Publishing House, Chengdu, November 1997. 325 pp. Illus. 20 cm. ISBN 7-5409-1917-5. Chines e translation and annotations by Se Wanzhi and Wan Guo. [JP2]A classic on the concentration meditation of the Kagyu sect of Tibe tan Buddhism, giving a systematic introduction to the Six Yogas of Naropa, consi sting of the following practices: (1) production of "inner heart" ( tumo); (2) the experience of one's own body as an illusion (gyulu); (3) the dream state (milam); (4) perception of the clear light (osel); (5) the teaching of the in-between state (bardo); (6) the practice of transferenc e of consciousness (phowa). The Tantricyogas were orally taught by Indian master Naropa in the 11th century to his first-generation disciple Marpa Lotsawa, who translated them into Tibetan and then spread them in Tibet. With 81 illustrations, and a preface by Dorshi.[JP]

Vairocana, Concentration Meditation of Tibetan Tantra, Ethnic Publishing House, Beijing, October 1997, 166 pp. Illus. 20 cm. ISBN 7-105-02906-4. Study of Tibetan Buddhism. Annotations by Namkha Norbu. Chinese translation by Wan Guo and Se Wanzhi. The Tibetan edition with annotations by Namkha Norbu was published by the Ethnic Publishing House in November 1993 and listed in the Catalogue of Chinese Publications in Tibetan Studies (1992-1995) by the Foreign Languages Press in 1997.

Tongshul Toden Sengye, A Tentative Inquiry into Sangngag Tsalung Rigpa, Gansu Ethnic Publishing House, Lanzhou, May 1997. 215 pp. Illus. 20 cm. ISBN 7-5421-0504-3. Chinese translation by Dongkham Gampa Drashi Tsering. Tibetan-Chinese bilingual edition. A collection of academic papers on Sangngag Tsalung Rigpa (Tantric concentration meditation) in simple and lucid language pub lished by the author in 1993-95.