Chapai Cedain Puncog, et al, ed, A Comprehensive History of Tibet, Beijing's China's Tibet Magazine, and Lhasa's Tibetan Academy of Social Sciences and Tibet Ancient Books Press, January 1996. 980 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-80589-020-X. Translated by Chen Qingying, et al.

A Chinese version of the Tibetan-language A Concise Comprehensive History of Tibet (three volumes) listed in the Catalogue of Chinese Publications in Tibetan Studies (1949-1991). Based on the Tibetan-language historical records, a systematic account of the major events and historical personages in the historical periods of Tibet, and an important reference book for Tibetan history studies. With a preface by Lhaba Puncog, entitled "Draw Lessons from History to Distinguish Right from Wrong-For the Publication of the Chinese Version of A Concise Comprehensive History of Tibet," and a postscript jointly by the Tibetan Academy of Social Sciences and China's Tibet magazine.

Tubten Phuntshog, An Outline of Tibetan History (two volumes), Sichuan Ethnic Publishing House, Chengdu, November 1996. 1,061 pp. Illus. 20 cm. ISBN 7-5409-1418-1.

Based on the results of archeological research and historical science, and a variety of Tibetan historical records, a book on the comprehensive history of the Tibetan people from the ancient times to the peaceful liberation of Tibet, dividing the Tibetan history into nine periods: the primitive period, emergence period of class society, Tubo Kingdom period (first phase), Tubo Kingdom period (second phase), separatist regimes period, Sakya period, Phagzhug period, Tsangpa Khan period and Gagdain Phodrang period.

Rinchen Norri, Teaching Material of Tibetan History , Gansu Ethnic Publishing House, Lanzhou, December 1996. 337 pp. Illus. 19 cm. ISBN 7-5421-0478-0.

Teaching material of Tibetan history for colleges and universities. Seven chapters: "Remote Antiquity of Tibetan History"; "Formation of the Tibetan People and the Birth of Slave Society"; "Founding of the Tubo Dynasty and Emergence of Feudal Serfdom"; "Separatist Regimes Period"; "Unification of the Tibetan People in the Sakya Period"; "Phagzhug and Tsangpa Khan Period"; and "Gagdain Phodrang Period." With 11 appendixes, including "Tsangpos Pedigree," "Royal Pedigree After the Disintegration of the Tubo Dynasty," "Sakya Dynasty's Pedigree," "Genealogical Table of the Dalai Lamas," and "Genealogical Table of the Panchen Erdenis."

Xincha Losang Gyaco, General Tibetan History, Gansu Ethnic Publishing House, Lanzhou, October 1997. 733 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-5421-0517-5.

Tibetan history teaching material of the Cooperative Ethnic Teachers' School of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province, expounding Tibetan history in 12 chapters: "Origin of the Tibetan People," "Matriarchal and Patriarchal Society in Remote Antiquity," "Slave Society of the Tubo Dynasty," "Feudal Society of the Tubo Dynasty," "Feudal Society of the Separatist Regimes Period," "Formation of the System of Theocracy," "Sakya Regime," "Phagzhug Regime," "Depa Rinpo Regime," "Desi Tsangpa Regime," "Gagdain Phodrang Regime" and "Peaceful Liberation of Tibet."

Caiwang Naoru, et al, Spring and Autumn Annals of Tibet (two volumes), Qinghai People's Publishing House, Xining, January 1998. 766 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-225-01481-1.

A historical narrative of Tibetan history and culture. Four parts: "Genesis of the Snowland," "The Epic of Tubo," "Years of Mystery," and "Shambhala." With a preface by Dorshi Lozang Tudanqiongpai.

Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaltsan, The Historical Status of China's Tibet, China Intercontinental Press, Beijing, September 1997. 272 pp. Illus. 20 cm. ISBN 7-80113-303-X.

A rewritten book based on the On the Historical Status of Tibet (which was listed in the Catalogue of Chinese Publications in Tibetan Studies, 1992-1995 published by the Ethnic Publishing House in 1995, with some additional pictures. Twelve chapters, expounding the close relationship between Tibet and ancient China, especially the historical fact that Tibet had become part of China's territory since the Yuan Dynasty, with a large number of detailed and accurate historical materials, convincingly refuting the whole ideological system of "Tibet independence" and systematically criticizing the Dalai clique's fallacies of "Tibet independence."

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Dongkar Lozang Trinley and Drashi Wangdu, ed, Elementary Knowledge of Tibetan Culture and History, Sichuan Ethnic Publishing House, Chengdu, September 1997.190 pp. Illus. 19 cm. ISBN 7-5409-1908-6. Tibetan-Chinese bilingual edition.

A brief introduction to the elementary knowledge of the Tibetan people's astronomy, calendar calculation, history, geography, and religious sects

.

Wang Yao and Chen Qingying, ed, A Dictionary of Tibetan History and Culture, Tibetan People's Publishing House, Lhasa, and Zhejiang People's Publishing House, Hangzhou, June 1998. 436 pp. Illus. 26 cm. ISBN 7-213-01721-7. Hardcover.

A total of 790 entries of Tibetan history, culture, religion, art, literature, folk customs, astronomy, medicine, etc., before the Democratic Reform in Tibet in 1959, based on materials collected mainly from the Tibet Autonomous Region. With 144 valuable historical pictures and 17 appendixes, including "A Chronology of Events in Tibetan History and Culture," and "An Index of Chinese Characters Strokes and Details of the Authors Entries."

Yin Weixian, Ethnic Groups Jointly Created China: Contributions of the Tibetan, Moinba, Lhoba and Qiang Peoples, Gansu Cultural Publishing House, Lanzhou, August 1999. 330 pp. Illus. 20 cm. ISBN 7-80608-474-6. Ethnic Groups Jointly Created China Series (Southwest China, Volume 1).

An account of the process of Tibetan, Moinba, Lhoba and Qiang peoples' creating the Chinese civilization and history, and the hardships and achievements they experienced and gained. Seven chapters: general introduction; close political connections with the central authorities of past ages; fighting against foreign invasions and guarding the frontier; combating "Tibet independence" and maintaining the unification of the motherland; making contributions to the New Democratic Revolution, developing the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their economic connections with the interior areas; the brilliant ethnic cultures; and the outstanding personages of these ethnic groups.

Cultural History

Sogde, An Outline of Tibetan Cultural History, Gansu Cultural Publishing House, Lanzhou, September 1999. 533 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-80608-523-8.

A comprehensive introduction to the formation, development and features of Tibetan culture: Proceeding from the natural environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, an exposition of the Tibetan people in remote antiquity, Tibetan tribes in ancient times, Bon religion culture, and the remarkable development of Tibetan culture in the Tubo Dynasty; an introduction to the formation and characteristics of the religious sects of Tibetan Buddhism, and discussion on Tsongkapa' Buddhist thoughts and the Gelug Sect's Buddhist culture, the construction of Potala Palace, and the heyday of Tibetan culture; and comments on the epic Life of King Gesar, Tibetan opera, folk literature and art, folk customs and practices, and the presentation forms and basic characteristics of Tibetan culture.

A collection of 14 articles introducing the artistic characteristics of traditional Tibetan painting, wood carving, dress and adornments and architecture, including "Study and Comments on Tibetan Buddhist Paintings," "Religious Features of Tibets Thangkas," "Comments on the Art of Tibet' Folk Wood Carvings," "Comments on Tibetan Dress and Adornment Culture and Art," "Comments on Tibetan Proverbs," and "Comments on Tibetan Folk Songs-A Pearl in the Treasure-house of Folk Literature." With a preface by Dainzin.

Zhang Yun, Qinghai-Tibet Culture, Liaoning Education Press, Shenyang, June 1998. 489 pp. Illus. 20 cm. ISBN 7-5382-4799-8. China's Regional Cultures Series.

An exposition of the major features and basic contents of Qinghai-Tibet culture, a regional culture jointly created by the Tibetan, Qiang, Hui, Moinba, Lhoba, Mongolian, Tu, Salar, Han, Deng and Xiaerba peoples living in the highlands. Sixteen chapters, covering the races, ethnic groups and ancient civilization of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the cultural achievements of the Tubo Dynasty, the development of Qinghai-Tibet culture, the expansion of the Yellow Sect of Tibetan Buddhism, philosophy and Hetuvidya, culture and education, local rules and regulations, ancient literature, ethnic historiography, traditional arts, sports, festivals, taboos and customs, material life, science and technology, etc.

Gardi, Study on Mongolian-Tibetan Cultural Exchanges , Gansu Ethnic Publishing House, Lanzhou, December 1996. 140 pp. 18 cm. ISBN 7-5421-0472-1.

Four chapters. Chapter 1: Tibetan Buddhism's crucial role in Mongolian-Tibetan cultural exchanges; Chapter 2: exchanges and mutual influences between Mongolian and Tibetan literature and culture; Chapter 3: the promotion of Mongolian science and culture by Mongolian_ Tibetan cultural exchanges; Chapter 4: the four famous Living Buddhas of the Gelug Sect of Tibetan Buddhism in Tibetan-Mongolian-inhabited regions. With an "Index of the Contents of the Materials in Mongolian-Tibetan Relationship Studies," and two prefaces by Chostar and Yang Shihong.

R.A. Stein (France), The Civilization of Tibet , China Tibetology Publishing House, Beijing, December 1998. 398 pp. Illus. 20 cm. ISBN 7-80057-369-9. Discovering Tibet Series. Translated by Geng Sheng. A representative work of a famous international Tibetologist. Five chapters: regions and inhabitants; general introduction to Tibetan history; Tibet' society; religions and customs of Tibet; literature and art. With "The Translator's Note" and prefaces of the first edition in 1962 and the second edition of 1982.

Historical Materials

Huang Bufan and Ma De, Translation of and Annotation to the Dunhuang Tibetan-language Documents on Tubo History, Gansu Education Publishing House, Lanzhou, June 2000. 389 pp. Illus. 20 cm. ISBN 7-5423-0969-2. Dunhuang Ethnic Minorities Historical Documents Series.

The oldest extant historical documents on Tubo, a systematic account of the early process of Tubo history and development, including chronicles, legends of remote antiquity, Tsanpo's pedigree and biography, containing the original Tibetan-language text, Chinese-language translation and annotations to 550 terms and 270 persons names, places and dates. With four appendixes: "Index of Persons Names," "Index of Places (including the names of states, nations and tribes)," "A List of Tubo Tsanpos," and "Translation of Excerpts of A Happy Banquet of Sages."

Wang Yao, ed, Bibliography of Dunhuang Tibetan-language Documents Collected by France, Ethnic Publishing House, Beijing, February 1999. 300 pp. 26 cm. ISBN 7-105-03208-1.

A bibliography based on the Beijing University Library's P.T. microfilms of the ancient Tibetan-script documents robbed by Paul Pelliot from Dunhuang, with reference to the catalogue edited by Lalu. With three articles by Wang Yao, entitled "A Summary of the Recent Studies of Dunhuang Tibetan Transcripts and Hand Scrolls," "Introduction to the Historical Documents of Tubo, Dunhuang Edition," and "Preface to the Selected Translations of Findings of Dunhuang Tubo Documents in Foreign Countries ."

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Jin Hui, et al, ed, Social History of China' Tibet (new edition), China Intercontinental Press, Beijing, November 1994. 93 pp. Illus. 26 cm. ISBN 7-80113-021-9.

Originally published by the China Ethnic Photographic Art Publishing House in May 1991 and listed in the Catalogue of Chinese Publications in Tibetan Studies (1949-1991).

China Tibetan Studies Center, et al, ed, A Collection of the Archives and Historical Materials on the Tibet-Central Government Relationship Since the Yuan Dynasty (seven volumes), China Tibetology Publishing House, Beijing, October 1994. 3,194 pp. Illus. 20 cm. ISBN 7-80057-181-5.

Hardcover.

A collection of 3,247 archives on political relations from the central governments and the local governments of Tibet in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties and the Republic of China, part of them being divided into sections according to major historical events, and part of them classified as similar events. Each with a title added by the editors.

Zhao Xueyi, ed, A Collection of Historical Materials of the Central Government' Administration of Tibet and the Living Buddha Reincarnation System Since the Qing Dynasty, Huawen Publishing House, Beijing, August 1996. 546 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-5075-0432-8. Hardcover.

Selected mainly from the A Collection of the Archives and Historical Materials on the Tibet-Central Government Relationship Since the Yuan Dynasty edited by the China Tibetan Studies Center and other units. Five parts: rules and organizational system of the central governments' administration of Tibet and the Living Buddha reincarnation system since the Qing Dynasty; the formulation and implementation of the system of lot-drawing from a gold urn; Dalai Lama reincarnation system; Panchen Erdeni reincarnation system; and treatises on the study of the reincarnation of Living Buddhas. With a preface by Zhao Xueyi and two appendixes: "Dates of Birth and Death of the Successive Panchens" and "Dates of Birth and Death of the Successive Dalais."

Ethnic Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Tibet Autonomous Region Archives, ed, A Collection of Translations of Tibetan-language Archives and Materials on Tibet' Social History, China Tibetology Publishing House, Beijing, August 1997. 242 pp. Illus. 20 cm. ISBN 7-80057-325-7. Translated by Lu Liandi, et al.

A collection of materials translated mainly from the Tibetan-language archives of the Tibet Autonomous Region Archives, and the photostat copies of Tibetan-language archives from the Tibetan Painted Scrolls (volume 2, English edition, 1949) by G. Tucci (Italy) and the Grund Lagen Tibetischer Siege Lkunde (German edition, 1981) by Dicter Schuh (Germany), covering imperial edicts, Buddhas providence, proceedings, prayers for alms, rules and regulations of the local government of Tibet, monasteries and temples, and the Tibetan peoples anti-British fight from the Yuan to Qing dynasties.

China First Historical Archives and China Tibetan Studies Center, ed, Catalogue of Archives on Tibet and Tibetan Affairs of the China First Historical Archives (Manchu and Tibetan Volume), China Tibetology Publishing House, Beijing, December 1999. 773 pp. Illus. 26 cm. ISBN 7-80057-381-8.

A list of 13,334 archives arranged and numbered in two parts-the Manchu-script part containing 13,040 and the Tibetan-language part containing 294, covering the great events taking place in Tibet and Tibetan-inhabited areas, the transferring, augmentation, awarding and punishment of, and pension for, religious and temporal officials, religious affairs and ritual activities, the military and governmental administration affairs of Tibet, and foreign-related events.

Li Pengnian, Fang Rong, Gansu Provincial Archives, and China Tibetan Studies Center, ed, Catalogue of Archives and Historical Materials in Gansu Province on Tibet and Tibetan Affairs (1412-1949), China Tibetology Publishing House, Beijing, January 1997. 541 pp. Illus. 26 cm. ISBN 7-80057-323-0. Catalogues of Archives and Historical Materials for Tibetan Studies Series.

A list of 7,875 historical archives between May 1412 and December 1949 on Tibet and Tibetan affairs collected by Gansu Province, covering political, military, economic, judicial, civil, educational, cultural and religious affairs. With a subject index and an index of the names of persons.

China Second Historical Archives and China Tibetan Studies Center, ed, Selected Archives from Tibet's Yadong Customs (two volumes), China Tibetology Publishing House, Beijing, April 2000. 1,267 pp. Illus. 20 cm. ISBN 7-80057-256-0.

A total of 1,401 official archives (not including appendixes) of the Yadong Customs in Tibet between January 1889 and March 1914, a considerable part of them being related to the 1888 and 1903-1904 British armed invasions of Tibet, and the unequal treaties signed by the Qing government under the British threat of force.

* * *

Tibet Autonomous Region Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, ed, Selected Tibetan Cultural and Historical Materials (10), Ethnic Publishing House, Beijing, July 1996. 265 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-105-02596-4.

Twenty documents and memoirs, including "How Chang Xiansan (transliteration) and Others Arrived at Ngaqu from the Interior Areas During the Fourteenth Dalai Lamas Stay in Yadong in the Iron-Tiger Year (1950)," "A Collection of Lhagyari's Historical Records," "My Two Special Missions and One Thing I Experienced During My Tenure of Office as the Manager of the Handicraft Bureau," "A Brief Introduction to the Successive Yadong Governors and Profile of Governor Miruojiaba," "The Establishment, Functions, Extent of Jurisdiction and Manning Quotas of the Religious Affairs Bureau of the Potala Palace," "How the Local Wool Was Purchased and Sold to India' Kalimpong," "A Brief Introduction to Palaces in the Norbuglinka and the Renovation of the Jiansi Palace," and "Some Incidents of the Former Local Government of Tibet's Eviction of the Personnel of the Lhasa Office of the National Government."

Tibet Autonomous Region Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, ed, Selected Tibetan Cultural and Historical Materials (11), Ethnic Publishing House, Beijing, November 1998. 401 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-105-03183-2.

Twenty-seven articles about the authors personal experiences, including "The Horkang Family and My Life Experience," "Circumstances of Lhalulha's Tenure of Office as Qamdo Governor," "History of Lhaudara Tudandanda," "How Two German Refugees Arrived in Lhasa in 1946," and "The History, Establishment and Tasks of Langzixialekong."

Shadgra Gaindainbanjor, et al, Selected Tibetan Cultural and Historical Materials (15), Ethnic Publishing House, Beijing, October 1998. 176 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-105-02368-6. Edited by the Tibet Autonomous Region Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Cultural and Historical Materials Committee.

Six articles, including "History of the Gaindainbanjor Family" "The Establishment and Staff of the Handicraft Bureau of the Local Government of Tibet" and "Reminicences of the Research on the Tibet Issue by Chiang Kai-shek's Chongqing Field Headquarters."

Tibet Autonomous Region Committee of the Chinese People' Political Consultative Conference Cultural and Historical Materials Committee, ed, Selected Tibetan Cultural and Historical Materials (18), Ethnic Publishing House, Beijing, June 1999. 203 pp. Illus. 20 cm. ISBN 7-105-03419-X.

Nine articles: "Brief History of the Kangsarboin Family in Garze," "Story of the Conflict Between the Patriots Garan Lama and Bomdadorje and the Former Local Government of Tibet," "Records of the Establishment of the Aid-Tibet Cadres Training Team in the Process of the PLA's March to Tibet," "A Role Model and Monument in the Snowland: In Memory of Comrade Yeshe Tsultrim," "Looking Back on the Road I Traversed in the Last Forty Years," "Promoting Ethnic Unity and Helping Fraternal Ethnic Groups Develop," "Reminicences of the Former Mianyang Prefecture Second Sichuan Opera Troupe's Trip to Tibet," "Selected Work Notes of the Qamdo Battle," and "Diary of My Travel to Tibet with Chen Yi."

Zhu Xiu, A Sixty-year Chronicle of Major Events in Tibet, Qinghai Ethnic Publishing House, Xining, April 1996. 145 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-225-01222-3. Qinghai Ethnic Minorities Ancient Books Series. Collated and annotated by Wu Jun.

Based on the 1925 edition published by the Beijing Jingbao Press and the reprint published by the Xikang garrison in Chengdu in 1931, and originally named Records of Investigations in Tibet, this book is an account of the relationships between Tibet and the Central Government, the surrounding regions, and British and Russian governments during 1863 and 1920, exposing the imperialists attempts of separating China' territory with substantial historical materials. Appended with Zhu Xiu's diary-"Records of the Qinghai-Tibet Travel," an account of what the author, a famous political activist and educator in Qinghai during the Republic of China period, saw and heard on his way from Huangyuan in Qinghai to Lhasa in Tibet, as well as the local conditions and customs, historical stories, geographical changes, ethnic groups and religions.

Research and Reviews

Chen Qingying, ed, Studies on Tibetan History and Religions (Volume 1), China Tibetology Publishing House, Beijing, August 1996. 469 pp. Illus. 20 cm. ISBN 7-80057-292-7.

A collection of treatises, containing part of the research results of the History and Religion Research Institute of the China Tibetan Studies Center since its founding in 1986. Two parts (the Chinese-language part and the Tibetan-language part): the former containing nine articles, including "New Study of the Thirteen Myriarches in -"Tsang in the Yuan Dynasty" and "A Brief Account of the Relationship Between the Local Headman Mu in Lijiang and the Karma Sect in Tibet"; the latter containing four articles, including "On the Tubo Cliff Sculptures and Carvings of the Beigou Vairocana Monastery in Yushu" and "The Formation and Development of Tibetan Hetuvidya and Its Major Classics." With English excerpts of the treatises.

Chen Nan, Research Theses on Tibetan History, Ethnic Publishing House, Beijing, April 1998. 248 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-105-03048-8.

A collection of 12 research theses, such as "Research into the Development and Dissemination of Buddhism in the Tubo Period," "Research of the Hierarchy of the Tubo Regime," "Fighting for Tuyuhun Between the Tang and Tubo Governments in the Mid and Late Seventh Century," and "Research on the Dharma King of Great Wisdom," plus a preface by Wang Yao.

Zeng Guoqing, Research on Tibetan History in the Qing Dynasty, Tibetan People's Publishing House, Lhasa, and Qilu Publishing House, Jinan, March 1999. 319 pp. Illus. 20 cm. ISBN 7-5333-0754-2.

A collection of 21 research theses on Tibetan history in the Qing Dynasty, such as "The Study of the Qing Resident Officials in Tibet," "Zhao Erfeng and His Administration of Bartang," "A Survey of the Post System in the Areas Inhabited by the Tibetan People in the Qing Dynasty," "Qing Court's Measures for Maintaining the Sovereignty of Tibet as Viewed from Its Coins," and "The Hierarchy and the Functions and Powers of the Officials of the Central Government in the Administration of Tibet in the Past 300 Years," involving history, culture, personages, economy and communications of Tibet. With a preface by Peng Zhe.

Sherab Nyima, Studies on Modern Tibet's Affairs , Tibetan People's Publishing House, Lhasa, and Shanghai Bookstore Publishing House, Shanghai, July 2000. 391 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-80622-733-4.

A collection of the author's 31 treatises on Tibet's modern history published in the past 18 years, covering aspects of modern Tibet's social life and the relationship between Tibet and the Central Government. Appended with a preface by Thubten Dorje and materials of the Central Government's resident officials in Tibet in modern times, the Central Government's representatives to Tibet, local officials in Tibet, and the Beijing office of the local government of Tibet.

Yuan Sha, The Feudal Serf System of Tibet, China Intercontinental Press, Beijing, September 1995. 43 pp. Illus. 19 cm. ISBN 7-80113-093-6. Tibet Series.

Two parts: "the political system and the political status of the broad masses of the people in old Tibet" and "the extra economic exploitation of the people under the economic system in old Tibet," pointing out that the root of the stagnant and declining social development of Tibet was Tibet's feudal serf system, and exposing the nature of splittism of the Dalai clique trying its best to advocate and beautify the feudal serf system in Tibet.

China Tibetology Research Center, Academy of Social Sciences of the Tibet Autonomous Region, and Ethnic Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, The Social Formation of Tibet's Feudal Serf System, China Tibetology Publishing House, Beijing, May 1996. 473 pp. Illus. 26 cm. ISBN 7-80057-229-3. Edited by Doje Cedain.

Exposition, based on extensive surveys conducted in the 1950s, and 1960s, of the social formation of the feudal serf system in Tibet before 1959 in a systematic way in the four aspects of the production organs, economic system, political system and social organization, and ideology and culture. With a preface by Doje Cedain and 40 photos, and four appendixes, such as "A List of Technical Terms in Chinese and Tibetan," and "The Names of Dzongs and Shikas of the Former Local Government of Tibet in Chinese and Tibetan."

Gyalo, Sociology and Society in Tibetan-inhabited Areas, Gansu Ethnic Publishing House, Lanzhou, July 1999. 145 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-5421-0664-3.

Expounding the outline of the development history of sociology, the research targets and characteristics of sociology, and studying and exploring the social development of the Tibetan-inhabited areas and the traditional culture of the Tibetan people.

Chen Wei, The Research of the Tibetan Nomadic Tribe Society in Qinghai Province, Qinghai Ethnic Publishing House, Xining, May 1998. 256 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-5420-0692-4.

Describing the origin and change of the Qinghai Tibetan nomadic tribe society, and the tribe's social structure, political system, social formation, religions, social habits, military system, family, marriage system, women's status, customs, etc. With a preface by Xie Zuo.

Drukthar, Studies on the Society and History of Tibetan Tribes in Gansu, Gansu Ethnic Publishing House, Lanzhou, January 1996. 564 pp. Illus. 20 cm. ISBN 7-5421-0417-9. Hardcover.

Studies on the society and history of Tibetan tribes in Gansu Province from the following aspects: historical development, establishment and distribution of the tribes, social formation, religion, animal husbandry, laws and norms, military system, culture and education, and customs.

Histories of Different Periods

Ngawang Gyaco, The Tibetan Civilization During the Shang-Shung Period, Gansu Ethnic Publishing House, Lanzhou, November 1998. 172 pp. 19 cm. ISBN 7-5421-0615-5.

A brief account of the civilization of the Shang-Shung period with the focus on the Bon religion, including the Shang-Shung script, the Shang-Shung Dynasty, the founder of the Bon religion, and the development of the "Five Kinds of Knowledge," such as mathematics and medical science.

Nengar Norbu, The History of Ancient Shang-Shung and Tubo Dynasties, China Tibetology Publishing House, Beijing, May 1996. 588 pp. Illus. 26 cm. ISBN 7-80057-246-3. Hardcover.

A special book on the ancient history of the Tibetan people, consisting of three parts: the history of Shang-Shung regime, the history of Tubo regime, and the history of the unification of Tubo and Shang-Shung. The first part describes the origin of ancient Shang-Shung people, the inheritance of the Bon religion, the origin of ancient Shang-Shung script, and the civilization history of ancient Shang-Shung; the second part expounds the origin of the Tubo people, the inheritance of the Bon religion of Tubo, the history of the Tubo Dynasty, the origin of the Tibetan language and the civilization history of Tubo; and the third part sums up the first two parts, and expounds the origin of the ancestors of the Tibetan people, the history of the Bon religion of ancient Tibetan people, the history of the ancient Tubo Dynasty and the history of the ancient civilization of the Tibetan people. The Tibetan-language history books published in the past give a very brief account of the history of the Shang-Shung area and the Bon religion in the remote antiquity. This book quotes a large amount of data of the Bon religion (including those published in India in the recent years), and makes a detailed exposition. The author is a modern Tibetan scholar, and has worked in Italy for quite a long time.

Xue Zongzheng, The Rise and Fall of the Tubo Regime , Ethnic Publishing House, Beijing, April 1997. 201 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-105-02592-1.

Mainly expounding the political history of the Tubo Kingdom from the seventh to the ninth century.

Shi Shuo, History of the Secular-Religious Relationship in the Tubo Dynasty, Sichuan People's Publishing House, Chengdu, August 2000. 371 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-220-05059-3.

Analysis of the Tibetan society in the Tubo Dynasty from the angle of secular-religious relationship, holding that the political system of the Tubo Dynasty experienced a transition process from tribal military league to civil service system governed by Buddhism.

Gu Zucheng, The History of the Administration of Tibet by the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Tibetan People's Publishing House, Lhasa, and Qilu Publishing House, Jinan, March 1999. 331 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-5333-0748-8.

Ten chapters: the historical evolution of China as a united multi-ethnic country and Tibet under the direct jurisdiction of the central authorities of the Yuan Dynasty; the subordination of Tibet to China and its establishment of the military and political organs in Tibet in the early Ming Dynasty; confirmation of the joint reign of the Mongolian and Tibetan upper strata in Tibet, and the incorporation of Tibet into China's administration in the early Qing Dynasty; the establishment of the Amban system by the Qing government, the strengthening and perfecting of the rule of Tibet by China, the formulation of a series of laws and regulations on administering Tibet during the golden age of the Qing Dynasty; the rule of Tibet and the reform of Tibetan affairs by China in the late

Qing Dynasty, etc.

Zhao Zhizhong, Qing Dynasty and Tibet, Huawen Publishing House, Beijing, January 2000. 216 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-5075-0915-X. Tibet Perspective Series.

Eight chapters, expounding the Tibet policy of the Qing government, the establishment of the Amban system, the whole story about the dispatch of troops to Tibet, the setting up of the system of confirming a reincarnated child of a Living Buddha by drawing lots from a gold urn, and the Dalai and Panchen's trips to Beijing. With four appendixes: "List of the Qing Emperors," "List of the Dalai and Panchen Lamas of the Past Ages," "List of Kings and Princes Regent of Tibet in the Qing Dynasty," and "List of the Qing Resident Officials in Tibet," and a preface by Wang Zhonghan.

Che Minghuai and Li Xueqin, Administration of Tibet by the Qing Dynasty: Records of Frontier Affairs and the Administration of Tibet by the Ambans in the Qing Dynasty, Tibetan People's Publishing House, Lhasa, September 1996. 741 pp. Color illus. 20 cm. ISBN 7-223-00782-6. Education in Patriotism Series.

A special history book with opposition to splittism and maintenance of the unification of the motherland as the theme and combination of exposition and description. Eighteen chapters, expounding in detail the history of ruling Tibet by the central government of the Qing Dynasty. Safeguarding national unity and the state sovereignty was the core of "ruling Tibet" by the Qing Dynasty. The 200-odd years of administration of Tibet by the Qing Dynasty was the process of safeguarding the national unity and state sovereignty of China. With a preface by Dainzin, and "Notes on Personages," and a "Bibliography."

Zhou Weizhou, Britain, Russia and China's Tibet, China Tibetology Publishing House, Beijing, July 2000. 649 pp. Illus. 20 cm. ISBN-7-80057-330-3.

Penetratingly exposing the policies and means adopted by the British and Russian imperialists to invade China's Tibet and their evil purposes, with a chronology of important events as the core and historical facts as the base.