A Social Governance Model Based on Collaboration, Participation, and Common Interests
A proposal for promoting participatory social governance was unveiled in March 2016 in the 13th Five-year Plan for Economic and Social Development. It emphasizes the participatory nature of social governance, rejecting the notion that governance is about the relationship between the governing elite and the governed. It provides guiding principles for modernizing China’s thinking on social governance and for implementing social governance initiatives.
The report to the 19th CPC National Congress highlighted the need to strengthen the institution building in social governance and improve the law-based social governance model under which Party committees exercise leadership, government assumes responsibility, non-governmental actors provide assistance, and the public get involved. We will strengthen public participation and rule of law in social governance, and make such governance smarter and more specialized.
We will improve mechanisms for preventing and defusing social tensions, and properly handle problems among the people. We will promote safe development, and raise public awareness that life matters most and that safety comes first; we will improve the public safety system and the responsibility system for workplace safety; we will take resolute measures to prevent serious and major accidents, and build up our capacity for disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief.
We will accelerate development of the crime prevention and control system, combat and punish in accordance with law all illegal and criminal activities such as pornography, gambling, drug abuse, gang violence, kidnapping, and fraud, and protect people’s personal rights, property rights, and right to dignity. We will improve the system of public psychological services, and cultivate self-esteem, self-confidence, rationality, composure, and optimism among the people. We will strengthen the system for community governance, shift the focus of social governance to the community level, leverage the role of social organizations, and see that government’s governance efforts on the one hand and society’s self-regulation and residents’ self-governance on the other reinforce each other.
共建共治共享的社会治理格局
2016年3月发布的《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划纲要》提出“构建全民共建共享的社会治理格局”，明确了社会治理不是简单的管理与被管理的关系，而是共同参与的理念，这是探索实现中国社会治理现代化的指导思想和实践路径。中共十九大报告进一步提出“打造共建共治共享的社会治理格局”。明确打造共建共治共享的社会治理格局需要：加强社会治理制度建设，完善党委领导、政府负责、社会协同、公众参与、法治保障的社会治理体制，提高社会治理社会化、法治化、智能化、专业化水平；加强预防和化解社会矛盾机制建设，正确处理人民内部矛盾；树立安全发展理念，弘扬生命至上、安全第一的思想，健全公共安全体系，完善安全生产责任制，坚决遏制重特大安全事故，提升防灾减灾救灾能力；加快社会治安防控体系建设，依法打击和惩治黄赌毒黑拐骗等违法犯罪活动，保护人民人身权、财产权、人格权；加强社会心理服务体系建设，培育自尊自信、理性平和、积极向上的社会心态；加强社区治理体系建设，推动社会治理重心向基层下移，发挥社会组织作用，实现政府治理和社会调节、居民自治良性互动。