Private Sector of the Economy
China’s private sector has flourished since the adoption of reform and opening up in 1978, in keeping with the CPC’s guidelines and policies. The basic economic system in which public ownership is dominant and diverse forms of ownership develop side by side is a pivotal part of socialism with Chinese characteristics as well as an essential requirement for improving the socialist market economy.
At its third plenary session in 2013, the 18th CPC Central Committee pointed out that both the public and the private sectors are key components of the socialist market economy and are important foundations for the economic and social development of China.
By the end of 2017, there were more than 27 million private enterprises and more than 65 million individually-owned businesses, with a registered capital exceeding 165 trillion yuan. The private sector contributes more than 50 percent of China’s tax revenues, more than 60 percent of GDP, more than 70 percent of technological innovations, more than 80 percent of urban employment, and more than 90 percent of enterprises. In 2010 only one Chinese private enterprise was in the world’s Top 500 list; that number had grown to 28 in 2018.
The private sector has become an indispensable force behind China’s development. It is a major creator of jobs and start-ups, an essential player in technological innovation, and a major source of the country’s tax revenue. It has played an important role in bolstering the market economy, transformation of government function, transfer of surplus rural labor force, and expansion of the international market.
The private sector is an essential component of the Chinese economic system, and an important fruit of the socialist market economy, which will in turn propel the socialist market economy. It is a major player in boosting supply-side structural reform, backing high-quality development and building a modernized economy. It is also an important force supporting the CPC’s long-term governance and uniting and leading the whole nation in realizing the Two Centennial Goals and the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation.
非公有制经济
非公有制经济，是改革开放以来在党的方针政策指引下发展起来的。公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度，是中国特色社会主义制度的重要组成部分，也是完善社会主义市场经济体制的必然要求。中共十八届三中全会提出，公有制经济和非公有制经济都是社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分，都是中国经济社会发展的重要基础。截至2017年底，中国民营企业数量超过2700万家，个体工商户超过6500万户，注册资本超过165万亿元。概括起来说，民营经济具有“五六七八九”的特征，即贡献了50%以上的税收，60%以上的国内生产总值，70%以上的技术创新成果，80%以上的城镇劳动就业，90%以上的企业数量。在世界500强企业中，中国民营企业由2010年的1家增加到2018年的28家。民营经济已经成为推动中国发展不可或缺的力量，成为创业就业的主要领域、技术创新的重要主体、国家税收的重要来源，为中国社会主义市场经济发展、政府职能转变、农村富余劳动力转移、国际市场开拓等发挥了重要作用。民营经济是中国经济制度的内在要素，是社会主义市场经济发展的重要成果，是推动社会主义市场经济发展的重要力量，是推进供给侧结构性改革、推动高质量发展、建设现代化经济体系的重要主体，也是中国共产党长期执政、团结带领全国人民实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标和中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的重要力量。在全面建成小康社会、进而全面建设社会主义现代化国家的新征程中，中国的民营经济只能壮大、不能弱化。