The spirit of the Yan'an Rectification Movement
In the early 1940s, the CPC conducted a Party-wide rectification movement that extended over some years in Yan'an, the headquarters of the CPC central leadership in northern Shaanxi Province. The goal was to fight subjectivism in order to encourage study, fight factionalism in order to strengthen intra-Party relationship, and challenge Party stereotypes in order to improve the style of writing.
A spirit of rectification developed during the campaign, which involved seeking truth from facts and carrying out criticism and self-criticism. It also required Party members to uphold truth, correct errors, promote democracy, and be constructive about the rectification campaign.
The rectification movement was successful as a means of self-improvement for the CPC. It helped enhance the whole Party's theoretical awareness of Marxism, and attain ideological, political and operational unity. Rectification has since then become an effective and necessary tool for the CPC to keep itself wholesome, and encourage self-reform and self-improvement. Xi Jinping has reaffirmed the need to draw on the sound experience of the Yan’an Rectification Movement, engage in criticism and self-criticism, and strengthen intra-Party discipline.
整风精神
20世纪40年代初,中国共产党在延安开展了一次持续数年的全党整风运动,目的是反对主观主义以整顿学风、反对宗派主义以整顿党风、反对党八股以整顿文风。在这场运动实践中,逐步形成了整风精神,其主要内涵包括:实事求是,批评和自我批评,坚持真理、修正错误,发扬民主、开门整风。
整风运动是中国共产党加强自身建设的一次成功实践,是一个伟大创举,极大地提高了党的马克思主义理论水平,使全党在思想上、政治上、组织上达到了空前的统一和团结。从那时起,整风升华为一种精神,融入党的血脉,成为我们党自我净化、自我完善、自我革新、自我提高的锐利武器,成为党加强自身建设不可或缺的重要思想和重要方法。习近平多次强调,要借鉴延安整风经验,以整风精神开展批评和自我批评,以整风精神严格党内生活。