贫困发生率
贫困发生率又称“贫困人口指数”，指国家或地区生活在贫困线以下的贫困人口数量占总人口之比。由于贫困发生率对于一个国家或地区的贫困状况的表述较为直观，因此不仅有助于考察国家或地区贫困状况，而且是检验减贫政策有效性的重要指标。
在脱贫攻坚战中，贫困发生率不仅是贫困村识别的重要指标，即“行政村贫困发生率比全省贫困发生率高一倍以上”，也是贫困县脱贫摘帽的主要衡量标准，即“贫困发生率必须低于2%（西部地区低于3%）”。改革开放40多年来，中国农村7亿多贫困人口摆脱贫困，贫困发生率由1978年的97.5%下降到2018年年底的1.7%，创造了人类减贫史上的中国奇迹。
Poverty Headcount Ratio
The poverty headcount ratio is the ratio of the number of people living under the poverty line in a country or a region to the total population. It is an objective reflection of poverty in a country or a region, and it is a major norm for evaluating the poverty reduction policy.
In China, if the poverty headcount ratio of a village is more than double that of the province where it is located, it will be identified as impoverished, and if the poverty headcount ratio of a county is lower than 2 percent, it will be regarded as having eliminated poverty. In western areas this figure is 3 percent.
Since China launched reform and opening up in the late 1970s, more than 700 million poor people have been lifted out of poverty, and the poverty headcount ratio has been cut from 97.5 percent in 1978 to 1.7 percent in late 2018, a true miracle in the history of poverty reduction.
