贫困户
贫困户可简单理解为需要扶贫的家庭。然而，由于权力、信息等多种因素的影响，如何识别和确定贫困户成为有效减贫的前提条件。中共十八大以来，以精准扶贫为基本方略，中国的贫困户识别体制机制有了巨大的创新，达到了极高的贫困识别率，为脱贫攻坚奠定了重要基础。2014年国务院印发的《扶贫开发建档立卡工作方案》指出，贫困户识别要以农户收入为基本依据，综合考虑住房、教育、健康等情况，通过农户申请、民主评议、公示公告和逐级审核的方式，整户识别。由于农户收入精准测算比较困难，各地在自下而上的贫困识别上也探索了一些创新做法。如贵州省威宁县迤那镇五星村精准识别“四看工作法”，即“一看房，二看粮，三看劳动能力强不强，四看家中有没有读书郎”。每“一看”都有子指标并赋予相应分值。在民主评议中，由村民代表对申请农户按照“四看”法进行打分，再根据农户分值情况，从高往低排序识别出贫困农户。
Poor Households
Poor households are those that need assistance to get rid of poverty. To identify and determine which households are poor is a precondition for effective poverty reduction.
Since 2012, China has followed the strategy of targeted poverty alleviation and established a mechanism to identify poor households, thus laying a good foundation for poverty elimination.
According to the Plan for Poverty Alleviation Registration, issued by the State Council in 2014, the designation is based on household income, with due consideration given to housing, education and health conditions. Individual household applications will go through democratic appraisal, public notice and review by the authorities at each higher level, before a final ruling is made.
Since it is not easy to calculate the accurate income of individual households, different localities have created their own mechanisms to determine the true conditions. In Wuxing Village in Weining County, Guizhou Province, for example, the financial conditions of the household applicants are decided based on their housing and grain output, their ability to work, and whether they have school-age children. The villager representatives will rate these four items in a democratic appraisal, and the final scores are listed from the highest down so that the poorest households can be easily identified.
