建档立卡
建档立卡，是指在全国范围内建立贫困户、贫困村、贫困县和连片特困地区电子信息档案，向贫困户发放《扶贫手册》，并以此构建全国扶贫信息网络系统，为精准扶贫工作奠定基础。2014年以来，全国扶贫系统开展了贫困识别建档立卡工作，建档立卡对象包括贫困户、贫困村、贫困县和连片特困地区。国务院有关部门通过在全国范围逐村逐户开展贫困识别，共识别出12.8万个贫困村，2948万贫困户、8962万贫困人口，基本摸清了全国贫困人口分布、致贫原因、脱贫需求等信息，建立起了全国统一的扶贫开发信息系统。经过2015至2018年的动态调整，进一步完善建档立卡贫困识别信息数据库和帮扶台账。通过建档立卡，有关单位可以对贫困户和贫困村进行精准识别，了解贫困状况，分析致贫原因，摸清帮扶需求，明确帮扶主体，落实帮扶措施，开展考核问效，实施动态管理。同时，建档立卡也有利于对贫困县和连片特困地区进行监测和评估，分析掌握扶贫开发工作情况，为扶贫开发决策和考核提供依据。
大数据时代的扶贫开发，需要搭建一个人人可关注、人人可参与的公众扶贫参与平台，而这些都要依据权威、准确和透明的数据。可以说，建档立卡是新时期扶贫开发工作的一个“破冰工程”。
Poverty Registration
Poverty registration refers to the filing of electronic information about poor households, villages, counties and contiguous areas of extreme poverty across the country, before a poverty alleviation handbook is distributed to each eligible household. Based on this, a nationwide poverty alleviation information network is being built.
In 2014, a total of 128,000 poor villages with 29.48 million poor households and 89.62 million impoverished people were identified and registered. The government also obtained a general picture of their locations, the causes of their poverty, and their particular needs for poverty elimination. A nationwide unified information system of poverty alleviation was thus built to provide big data for relevant endeavors.
With timely adjustment between 2015 and 2018, the poverty identification and registration databank and assistance account books were further improved. Relevant units can obtain detailed information about the recipients of assistance - the causes of their poverty and their individual needs - and carry out targeted measures to help them and review the results. Likewise, the authorities can better monitor and evaluate progress in poor counties and contiguous areas, and take these as a source of reference for decision-making and performance review.
Poverty alleviation in the big data era requires that a platform be available for the public to learn about and participate in assistance programs, on top of which authoritative, accurate and transparent data are essential. Poverty registration is an ice-breaker in this regard.
