Ecological Security System
National ecological security implies that a country has a complete set of ecosystems that are free from threat and support the country's survival and development, and that the country has a capacity to address major ecological issues. Ecological security involves homeland resources, water bodies, and environmental and biological security. It is both a goal for sustainable development and a dynamic system subject to constant development.
As an important component of national security, ecological security is the precondition for political, military and economic security, and affects public wellbeing, sustainable economic and social development, and long-term stability. It is one of the foundations of the entire national security system.
In 2000, the State Council issued the Program for National Eco-environmental Protection, setting the goal of ensuring national eco-environmental security. In December 2004, the Standing Committee of the 10th National People's Congress passed the revised Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste, which defined ensuring ecological security as one of the aims of the law.
Along with progress in building an eco-civilization, China has raised its understanding of ecological security. Presiding over the first meeting of the Central National Security Commission in April 2014, Xi Jinping emphasized the need to pursue a holistic approach to national security and build a national security system that integrates political, homeland, military, economic, cultural, social, science and technology, information, ecological, resource and nuclear security.
In October 2017, the report to the CPC's 19th National Congress reiterated the importance of ecological security. It pointed out that China must pursue a path of sustainable development based on increased production, higher living standards and healthy ecosystems. It must continue the Beautiful China initiative to create good working and living environments for the people, and play a part in ensuring global ecological security.
At the National Conference on Eco-environmental Protection in May 2018, Xi Jinping urged China to build an ecological security system prioritizing well-functioning ecosystems and effective control of environmental risks, which he listed as one of the five component systems of an eco-civilization.
Building an ecological security system is a complicated, arduous, and systematic project that requires lasting endeavors. It is a strategic measure to improve China's national security system.
生态安全体系
国家生态安全的基本内涵是一国具有支撑国家生存发展的较为完整、不受威胁的生态系统，以及应对内外重大生态问题的能力。生态安全包含国土资源安全、水体安全、环境安全、生物安全等范畴，既是可持续发展所追求的目标，又是一个不断发展的动态安全体系。生态安全作为国家安全的重要组成部分，是政治安全、军事安全和经济安全的载体，关系人民群众福祉、经济社会可持续发展和社会长久稳定，是国家安全体系的重要基石。
2000年，国务院发布《全国生态环境保护纲要》，明确提出“维护国家生态环境安全”的目标。2004年12月，第十届全国人大常委会第十三次会议修订通过《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境防治法》，将维护生态安全作为立法宗旨写进了国家法律，使其作为一个法律概念得以确立。
随着生态文明建设的深入，中国对生态安全的认识提升到了一个新高度。2014年4月，习近平主持召开中央国家安全委员会第一次会议强调，贯彻落实总体国家安全观，构建集政治安全、国土安全、军事安全、经济安全、文化安全、社会安全、科技安全、信息安全、生态安全、资源安全、核安全等于一体的国家安全体系。2017年10月，中共十九大报告进一步阐述了生态安全的重要性，指出要坚定走生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路，建设美丽中国，为人民创造良好生产生活环境，为全球生态安全作出贡献。2018年5月，习近平在全国生态环境保护大会上提出加快建立健全以生态系统良性循环和环境风险有效防控为重点的生态安全体系，并将其纳入生态文明建设“五个体系”。生态安全体系建设是一项具有长期性、复杂性、艰难性的系统工程。加强生态安全体系建设是推进国家安全体系建设的重要战略举措。
