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Vice chairman of the 10th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
Born in 1910, of Tibetan ethnic group, native of Lhasa, Tibet.
Grain supplies official in Qamdo Prefecture, civil magistrate and auditor or "Kasha" in Tibet local government, and vice chairman of Liberation Committee of Qamdo Prefecture in 1936-1959.
Signed an accord with central government in Beijing on measures for peaceful liberation of Tibet as chief negotiator of Tibet local government in 1951.
First deputy commander of Tibet Military Area Command, lieutenant general, secretary-general, vice chairman of Preparatory Committee of Tibet Autonomous Region, and member of National Defense Council in 1952-1959.
Vice chairman of CPPCC National Committee, vice chairman and concurrently secretary-general of Preparatory Committee of Tibet Autonomous Region, deputy commander of Tibet Military Area Command, and member of National Defense Council in 1959-1964.
Vice chairman of Standing Committee of National People's Congress (NPC), acting chairman of Preparatory Committee of Tibet Autonomous Region, deputy commander of Tibet Military Area Command, and member of National Defense Council in 1964-1965.
Vice chairman of NPC Standing Committee, chairman of People's Committee of Tibet Autonomous Region, and deputy commander of Tibet Military Area Command in 1965-1979.
Vice chairman of NPC Standing Committee, chairman of NPC Ethnic Affairs Committee, chairman of Standing Committee of Tibet Autonomous Regional People's Congress, and deputy commander of Tibet Military Area Command in 1979-1981.
Vice chairman of NPC Standing Committee, chairman of NPC Ethnic Affairs Committee, chairman of People's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region, and deputy commander of Tibet Military Area Command in 1981-1983.
Vice chairman of NPC Standing Committee, chairman of NPC Ethnic Affairs Committee, chairman of Standing Committee of Tibet Autonomous Regional People's Congress, and deputy commander of Tibet Military Area Command in 1983-1987.
Vice chairman of NPC Standing Committee, chairman of NPC Ethnic Affairs Committee, and chairman of Standing Committee of Tibet Autonomous Regional People's Congress in 1987-1993.
Vice chairman of CPPCC National Committee since 1993.
Member of 1st CPPCC National Committee; vice chairman of 3rd, 8th and 9th CPPCC National Committee.
Deputy to 1st to 7th NPC, vice chairman of Standing Committee of 3rd to 7th NPC, and chairman of Ethnic Affairs Committee of 5th to 7th NPC.
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