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Vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.
Born in 1936, native of Changsha, Hunan Province.
Joined Communist Party of China (CPC) in April 1955, started working in September 1961, graduated from a university in Czechoslovakia, senior engineer.
Studied at No. 2 Middle School attached to Beijing Teachers' University, Beijing Russian Language Training School in 1950-1955; at Department of Physics of a Czechoslovakia university in 1955-1961.
Technician, deputy department director of No. 13 Research Institute of Ministry of National Defense in 1961-1966 (studied Japanese in Shanghai Foreign Languages Institute in 1964-1965); deputy department director of No. 1413 Research Institute of Fourth Machine-building Ministry in 1966-1970; department director of the ministry's No. 1424 Research Institute in 1970-1978; chief engineer, deputy director of the ministry's No. 1447 Research Institute, and concurrently deputy chairman of Shenyang City Commission of Science and Technology and Liaoning Provincial Association for Science and Technology in 1978-1981.
Secretary, executive secretary of CPC Shenyang City Committee in 1981-1983; secretary of CPC Liaoning Provincial Committee in 1983-1984; secretary of CPC Liaoning Provincial Committee and concurrently secretary of CPC Haicheng County Committee, Liaoning Province, in 1984-1985.
Minister of electronics industry, secretary of the ministry's Leading Party Members' Group in 1985-1987;
Member of Political Bureau of CPC Central Committee, minister in charge of State Commission for Restructuring the Economy, secretary of the commission's Leading Party Members' Group, minister of electronics industry and secretary of the ministry's Leading Party Members' Group in 1987-1988.
Member of Political Bureau of CPC Central Committee, state councilor and concurrently minister in charge of State Education Commission and secretary of its Leading Party Members' Group in 1988-1993.
Member of Political Bureau of CPC Central Committee, state councilor and concurrently minister in charge of State Commission for Restructuring the Economy in 1993-1998.
Member of Political Bureau of CPC Central Committee, president of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and secretary of its Leading Party Members' Group in 1998-2002.
President of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and secretary of its Leading Party Members' Group in 2002-January 2003.
Alternate member, member of 12th CPC Central Committee; member, Political Bureau member of 13th, 14th, 15th CPC Central Committee.
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