Radtke, though, rates English signage as a weak barometer of Chinese respect for foreigners. "There are more important things, especially in one-on-one interactions with local people, than whether the 'keep off the grass' signs and menus are like what you'd find in New England," he says.
He also points out that bilingual signage is rare in most of Europe.
University of Pennsylvania professor of Chinese language and literature Victor H Mair, who includes Chinglish in class, says foreigners' feelings about Chinese-English are dependant on their knowledge and attitudes about China.
"Many native English speakers who do not know any Chinese can either be insulted or just totally amused by that lack of attention to the basics of English," he says.
"The more Chinese one knows, the more tolerant and even appreciative of Chinglish one usually is, because one understands how and why the Chinglish usages arise."
Tool, who speaks conversational Chinese, nevertheless insists he would feel the same whether his Mandarin was fluent or non existent.
BSFL coordinator Yu Yanni shares the concern about Chinglish as an attention diverter and believes it should be corrected but she doesn't consider it impolite.
"It might distract foreigners, causing them to pay too much attention to the Chinglish and not enough to the exhibitions or anything else," Yu says, stressing that she speaks as an individual rather than for BSFL. "For a general person in China, it may not be easy to tell what standard English is. They make mistakes, but they don't mean any disrespect."
Still, she believes carelessness and thrift are greater culprits than ignorance, especially when it comes to the use of poor translation software.
"Sometimes they suspect the accuracy of the translations but they're too lazy and want to save money," she says.
Translator Zheng Yuantao, who documents Chinglish as a hobby, says part of the problem is that most in his profession are underpaid.
"When you don't offer enough to hire talented people, it's no wonder the Chinglish produced by under-qualified translators and writers is profuse," the Beijinger says.
Chinglish conservation advocate Chen Lijing, who lives in Macao, believes the glut of garbled translations has more to do with average English levels than conscientiousness.
"The usual level of English in the Chinese mainland is not as high as in Hong Kong, Macao, Singapore, Malaysia, etc," she says. "China is coming up on the world stage in various respects, so more and more people in China want to be seen as more international. But the lack of qualified 'language-checking officers' has really created more Chinglish."
Radtke, meanwhile, accepts that some Chinglish arises from a "cha bu duo" - or "more or less" - approach to translation.
"But it'd be very shortsighted to say Chinglish exists because people don't care - that's preposterous," he says. "I smell a certain arrogance behind such an assumption."
Volumes of new mistranslations continue to be produced daily, so Chinglish's future is assured and with it, the scope to amuse - or offend.
(China Daily June 17, 2009)
