| "Inside Job" starts not on Wall Street but in Iceland, a nation whose problems turn out to be the world's in microcosm. How did this small country, with a gross national product of $13 billion, end up with bank losses of $100 billion? The privatization of the three largest banks led to a borrowing spree that led to disaster. |
纪录片《监守自盗》的开场不在华尔街，而是在冰岛——这个国家暴露出来的问题其实是全球金融问题的缩影。为什么国民生产总值达130亿美元的这样一个小国，却最终背负了1千亿美元的银行损失？冰岛最大的三家银行实现私有化之后，出现了一股疯狂的借贷热，由此引发了灾难。 |
| In the United States, Ferguson explains, after more than 30 years without a financial crisis, things began to change in 1981. A group including Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan (who was ideologically opposed to regulation) and both Republican and Democratic Treasury secretaries including Donald T. Regan, Robert E. Rubin and Lawrence H. Summers made deregulation the way things were going to be. |
根据导演福格森的阐释，在此之前，美国已连续30多年没有出现过金融危机；而自1981年起，事态开始发生变化。无论是美联储主席艾伦•格林斯潘（他从意识形态上抗拒对金融市场进行监管），还是包括唐纳德•里根、罗伯特•鲁宾、劳伦斯•萨默斯在内的几任共和党或民主党的财政部长，他们都提倡按照行业应有的发展对金融业实行放松管制。 |
| When complex, potentially dangerous financial instruments called derivatives came into vogue, unsung heroes, like government official Brooksley Born, pushed strenuously for their regulation, but the powers that be were so opposed that in 2000 Congress passed a bill specifically prohibiting that from happening. |
随着复杂且具有潜在危险性的金融衍生工具蔚然成风，一些“无名”英雄，像政府官员布鲁克斯利•波恩，曾竭力呼吁要加强监管；然而，当局对此表示反对，以至于2000年的时候，国会还通过了一项法案明确禁止对金融衍生工具进行管制。 |
| Derivatives made it possible for banks that made housing loans to minimize their risk if there was a failure to repay, which helped in subprime mortgages. Then financial institutions combined these risky loans and made them seem as reliable as government securities, which of course they were not. Using the notorious credit default swaps, these firms were able to both sell those unreliable securities to gullible clients and also bet that they were going to fail. It was, as Laurel and Hardy might have said, a fine mess. |
对于提供购房贷款业务的银行来说，如果出现客户无力偿还贷款的情况，金融衍生工具能够将银行承担的风险降到最低，而这进一步促进了次贷市场的繁荣。金融机构则合并这些高风险贷款，使得它们看上去如政府债券一般可靠；当然，这些贷款并不是政府债券。因为有臭名昭著的“信用违约掉期”作保障，这些公司一方面向轻信的客户出售不可靠的证券，另一方面又把宝押在这些债务证券一定会违约上。要是用喜剧搭档劳莱与哈台的话来说，这就是一场猫鼠大战。 |
| Narrated by Matt Damon, the film demystifies the complex mechanisms that led to millions of home and job losses. Ferguson examines how politicians dismantled regulations enacted after the Great Depression, how Wall Street escalated its high risk behaviour and how Ivy League business schools neglected to challenge dangerous trends. |
影片由马特•达蒙担任旁白，揭示了这些复杂的金融机制如何导致数百万人失去了房屋和工作。政要们怎样废除了自大萧条之后实行的金融监管政策？华尔街如何使其高风险行为步步升级？各大常春藤盟校的商学院又为何没有对这种危险的趋势提出质疑？导演福格森对这些都展开了调查分析。 |
| As Ferguson makes clear, nothing substantial has changed since the crisis. The same people are still in power and the same systems are still in place. So, yes, prepare to get angry. But that’s not enough; we also need to get wiser. Inside Job helps us do both. |
正如福格森所阐释的，自危机发生以来，一切都未发生实质性的改变。掌权的依旧是那些人，运行的还是同样的体制。因此，没错儿，准备发飙吧！但是这并不够，我们还要变得更机智一些。《监守自盗》这部纪录片会给我们同时带来这些感受。 |
| "It is my hope," he writes in a director's statement, "that after seeing this film we can all agree on the importance of restoring honesty and stability to our financial system, and of holding accountable those who destroyed it." It's a statement that, like this exceptional film, is hard to argue with. |
“我希望，”他在一份导演阐述中这样写道，“看完这部影片后，我们都能对此达成一致：回归金融体系的诚信和稳健很重要，追究金融体系破坏者的责任也同样重要。”对于这样的阐述，对于这部杰出的影片，我们都很难提出异议。
（China.org.cn Wendy 译）
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