The Second National Congress of the CPC

The Second National Congress of the CPC

From July 16 to 23, 1922, the CPC held its Second National Congress in Shanghai, attended by 12 delegates representing the Party's 195 members nationwide. Chen Duxiu chaired the congress and delivered a report on the work of the Central Bureau. Zhang Guotao reported on the Chinese delegates' participation in early 1922 in the first congress of representatives from communist parties and national revolutionary organizations of the Far Eastern countries, and on China's First National Labor Congress in Guangzhou in early May. Shi Cuntong (1899-1970) reported on the First National Congress of the Socialist Youth League also held in Guangzhou in early May.

The congress elected a Central Executive Committee composed of five members – Chen Duxiu, Zhang Guotao, Cai Hesen (1895-1931), Gao Junyu (1896-1925) and Deng Zhongxia (1894-1933), and three alternate members. The Central Execution Committee then elected Chen Duxiu as its chairman.

The congress adopted the CPC's first Constitution, and formulated a maximum (future) program and a minimum (immediate) program for the Party. The congress defined the CPC as a party of the Chinese proletariat, and its goal as to "organize the proletariat to set up the labor-peasant dictatorship through class struggle, eliminate private ownership, and gradually build a communist society." This was the ultimate goal or maximum program of the Party. To accomplish this ultimate goal, the congress also outlined the Party's minimum program as to end civil strife, overthrow the warlords, and restore peace at home; cast off oppression by world imperialism, and attain complete independence of the Chinese nation; and unify the country and build it into a democratic republic in the true sense.

The congress initially defined the nature, targets, motive forces, tactics, tasks and goals of the Chinese revolution, and outlined the prospects of the revolution. For the first time, it drew up a program of anti-imperialist and anti-feudal democratic revolution, pointing out the direction for the revolution of the Chinese people of all ethnic groups. All this work was of far-reaching significance.

中国共产党第二次全国代表大会

1922年7月16日至23日，中国共产党第二次全国代表大会在上海举行。出席会议的代表12人，代表全国195名党员。陈独秀主持大会，代表中央局作工作报告。张国焘报告出席远东各国共产党及民族革命团体第一次代表大会的经过以及第一次全国劳动大会的情况。施存统报告社会主义青年团第一次全国代表大会的情况。大会选出由陈独秀、张国焘、蔡和森、高君宇、邓中夏等5名委员和3名候补委员组成的中央执行委员会，中央执行委员会推选陈独秀为委员长。

大会通过了中国共产党的第一个章程，并根据世界革命形势和中国政治经济状况，制定了党的最高纲领和最低纲领。大会宣言指出，中国共产党是中国无产阶级政党，它的目的是要“组织无产阶级，用阶级斗争的手段，建立劳农专政的政治，铲除私有财产制度，渐次达到一个共产主义的社会”。这是党的最终奋斗目标，即党的最高纲领。为了实现党的最高纲领，大会提出在当时历史条件下的最低纲领：消除内乱，打倒军阀，建设国内和平；推翻国际帝国主义的压迫，达到中华民族完全独立；统一中国为真正的民主共和国。

中共二大初步阐明了中国革命的性质、对象、动力、策略、任务和目标，指明了中国革命的前途；第一次明确提出了彻底的反帝反封建的民主革命纲领，为中国各民族人民的革命斗争指明了方向，具有重大而深远的意义。