Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor
The Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, located at the foot of Lishan Mountain in Lintong District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, is the tomb of Ying Zheng (259-210 B.C.), China's first emperor. The First Qin Emperor, originally the ruler of the Qin State during the Warring States period (475-221 B.C.), uni- fied the six states in 221 B.C. and founded a unified, central- ized multiethnic country. He introduced county-based admin- istrative divisions and a bureaucratic system, and standardized the Chinese writing system, laws, system of measurements, and carriage tracks. He was the first monarch in Chinese history to use the title of "emperor".
The mausoleum, built in 246 B.C., is one of the largest and most culturally significant imperial tombs in the world. It was designed to mirror Xianyang, the capital of the Qin Dynasty (221-206 B.C.), in terms of its urban layout and the way imperial palaces there were positioned. The mausoleum is rectangular, longer from north to south and narrower from east to west, consisting of an inner part and an outer part, with the burial mound located in the south within the inner wall. Ac- cording to historical records, the mausoleum contains various palaces, with statues of civil and military officials, all kinds of treasures, and models of rivers and mountains filled with liquid mercury. The way that the First Qin Emperor built his mauso- leum had a profound influence on how later emperors had their own tombs built.
The Terracotta Army is in the northeastern part of the mausoleum. East-facing terracotta warriors with different postures and facial expressions, along with terracotta horses, bronze chariots and weapons, stand in imposing battle array, repre- senting the might and power of the emperor leading his troops to conquer his rivals and unify the country. The terracotta war- riors are masterpieces of pottery art with unmatched historical value. In 1987, the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor and the Terracotta Army were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
秦始皇陵
秦始皇陵是中国古代史上第一位皇帝嬴政的陵园，位于陕西省西安市临潼区骊山脚下。秦始皇（前259-前210），原为战国时秦国国君，于前221年统一六国，建立起一个中央集权的统一的多民族国家。他建立了郡县制和官僚制，并统一了全国的文字、法律、度量衡、车轨，是中国历史上第一个使用"皇帝"称号的君主。
秦始皇陵建于前246年，是世界上规模最大、内涵最丰富的帝王陵墓之一。陵园仿秦朝都城咸阳城和宫城建造，整体呈南北长、东西窄的长方形，有内城和外城，坟丘坐落在内城南部。据史书记载，地宫内有各式宫殿、文武百官塑像、各种奇珍异宝，以及灌满水银的江河山川模型。秦始皇开创的陵园制度，对后代帝王产生了很大的影响。
陵园东北侧有兵马俑坑。坑道内兵马俑共同组成一个坐西向东、排列有序、形态各异、气势磅礴的威严军阵，这些陶俑连同他们的战马、战车和武器，形象展示了秦始皇统率千军万马、威震四海的雄武神威，堪称泥塑艺术的杰作，具有极高的历史价值。1987年，秦始皇陵和兵马俑坑列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。
