Public Institutions

Public Institutions

Public institutions are social service providers established for public-interest purposes by state organs or by other organizations with state-owned assets. These institutions generally engage in activities in relation to education, science and technology, culture, and public health. Public institutions might be classified into three types by their respective social functions: those with administrative functions, those engaging in commercial activities, and those providing public-interest services.

Now, those with administrative functions have either become administrative organs or returned such functions to relevant administrative organs; those previously engaging in commercial activities have been wound up or turned into enterprises; and those providing public-interest services are divided into two types in accordance with their duties, service targets, and ways of resource allocation.

Type one provides basic public-interest services such as compulsory education, basic scientific research, public cultural programs, public health, and basic medical services in the communities. The market does not play a role in relevant resource allocation. These public institutions must not engage in profit-making business, and their mission, scope of operation, and service norms are defined by the state.

Type two provides higher education, non-profit medical services, and other public-interest services. The market may play a partial role in relevant resource allocation. These institutions organize activities in line with the public-interest goals and relevant norms set by the state. They may provide services related to their main businesses allowed by relevant laws and regulations and use the proceeds in line with state regulations.

事业单位

事业单位，即国家为了社会公益目的，由国家机关举办或者其他组织利用国有资产举办的，从事教育、科技、文化、卫生等活动的社会服务组织。按照社会功能，事业单位划分为承担行政职能、从事生产经营活动和从事公益服务3个类别。

其中，承担行政职能的事业单位已逐步将行政职能划归行政机构，或转为行政机构；从事生产经营活动的事业单位已逐步转为企业或撤销；从事公益服务的事业单位，根据职责任务、服务对象和资源配置方式等情况，细分为公益一类、公益二类事业单位。

公益一类事业单位，即承担义务教育、基础性科研、公共文化、公共卫生及基层的基本医疗服务等基本公益服务，不能或不宜由市场配置资源的事业单位。这类单位不得从事经营活动，其宗旨、业务范围和服务规范由国家确定。

公益二类事业单位，即承担高等教育、非营利医疗等公益服务，可部分由市场配置资源的事业单位。这类单位按照国家确定的公益目标和相关标准开展活动，在确保公益目标的前提下，可依据相关法律法规提供与主业相关的服务，收益的使用按国家有关规定执行。