Health Minister Zhang Wenkang, Vice Health Minister Ma Xiaowei,
Director Qi Xiaoqiu of the Disease Control Dept. of the Ministry of
Health, and Director Li Liming of the Chinese Center for Disease
Control and Prevention, met the press and answered questions from
Chinese and overseas correspondents in Beijing on April 3 on the
epidemic in China of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) also
referred to as "atypical pneumonia".
Q: Since the earliest SARS cases appeared three to four
months ago, why do the Chinese media cover so little about the
disease? And why was the relevant information from China's
authorities released so late?
Zhang Wenkang: As "atypical pneumonia" is not in the lists
stipulated in China's Prevention and Control Law of Epidemics, we
have to collect enough information about and appraisal of the
epidemic to establish a new epidemic reporting method and
regulation. In addition, the disease was only found in several
provinces of China. According to our law, it should be reported by
local authorities. Actually, Guangdong Province and Guangzhou City,
the capital of the province, held a press conference on the
epidemic in February and briefed the media about the disease
situation. Around the middle of February, we notified the country
about the SARS epidemic found in Guangdong. We then decided that
monthly reports on disease control would be made later throughout
the country.
China has been reporting daily to WHO on the latest SARS situation
as of April 1, in line with international practice.
Q: How does the Chinese government comment on Taiwan's
cooperation with WHO in SARS control? Will China's mainland assist
Taiwan in SARS control and prevention?
Zhang Wenkang: The Chinese central government and people
from China's mainland are always concerned for the health and life
of our Taiwan compatriots. With close attention to SARS cases found
in Taiwan, we are willing to render any possible support for them
and are willing to join hands with related international
organizations to help them. In the meantime, we are ready to
collaborate with medical experts from Taiwan in this regard.
The cross-Straits medical exchanges are unblocked and the saying
that Taiwan has no access to relevant information on the epidemic,
from the Chinese mainland, is wrong. Each year several hundred or
several thousand medical experts from both sides of the Straits
conduct exchanges. The remark from the Taiwan authority that we
disregard the health of Taiwan compatriots is not true. It is
imperative for both sides of the Straits to step up cooperation,
take measures and effectively bring the epidemic under control.
We
hope that the Taiwan authority won't complicate the issue
deliberately, make some baseless, irresponsible remarks, or try to
join WHO, which only accepts members with sovereignty, under the
cover of human rights and under the excuse of SARS. All their
efforts in this aspect are not wise and will not bare any good
fruit.
Q: Mr. Minister, you said just now that traveling in China
is very safe. But, WHO has already warned people around the world
not to go to HK and southern China. Could you please clear up
whether tourists currently are free to travel to HK and southern
China?
Zhang Wenkang: Chinese Ministry of Health has been keeping
close contact with WHO on the epidemic of "atypical pneumonia"
(SARS). By now, the epidemic situation of SARS in parts of China
has been brought under effective control. At the same time, we have
gained precious experience in treatment and prevention of the
disease.
WHO is to make its solutions and suggestions according to objective
and actual situations. For instance, WHO has just denied the
suggestion of listing Beijing as epidemic-stricken area.
In
regard to the reasons why WHO made the above solution, experts from
WHO are now working in Beijing. They will report to WHO if staying
in Beijing is safe. As they don't know the epidemic situation in
Guangdong, WHO announced Guangdong to be epidemic-stricken area.
Now, experts from WHO have arrived in Guangdong, starting the
second phase of cooperation with China on the issue. I believe when
they find out the situation there, WHO is going to reconsider their
suggestions.
Q: Some foreign media coverage has said the statistics
concerning the epidemic announced by the Chinese government
yesterday shows the disease in China, especially in Guangdong, to
be spreading rapidly. What would your comment be on that?
Zhang Wenkang: Some foreign media have said that without
basis. According to the report made by the health department of
Guangdong provincial government, a total number of 361 SARS cases
were reported in Guangdong in March, reduced by 47.5 percent
compared with February. Of these, 145 cases occurred in the first
ten days of March, 128 in the second ten days, and 88 in the last
ten days. A total of 507 cases were discharged from hospital, a
reduction of 18 over February. Numbers of the cases have been
declining continuously since the start of April. Therefore, I don't
know how they could make this conclusion.
Q: In the early phase of SARS, WHO asked to send experts to
Guangdong Province to carry out on-the-spot investigations. Just
now you mentioned that the Chinese central government also sent
quite a lot of experts to the province to carry out investigations.
Why did WHO have to wait such a long time to go there?
Zhang Wenkang: China has maintained good relations and
cooperation with WHO especially in the prevention and cure of SARS.
In February this year, WHO asked to carry out investigations on
SARS in China. The Chinese government agreed and received WHO
experts in Beijing in late February. Since then, WHO has sent three
groups of experts at different times to Beijing and had a
comprehensive grasp of the work conducted by the Chinese government
in the clinical diagnosis, cure and cause of SARS. They have
carefully discussed related technological problems with Chinese
experts. WHO experts had a comparatively high opinion and positive
assessment of the work conducted by the Chinese government on the
prevention of the illness. They express their appreciation for
Chinese experts in the study of SARS and suggested further
cooperation in the clinical diagnosis, epidemiology and
pathogen.
The Chinese government has given active support to the work. Most
members of the first research group are experts in epidemiology.
The Ministry of Health invited experts in more subjects to the
third group for the purpose of wider research and cooperation. Both
sides agreed that the cooperation would proceed by stages. The
cooperation started in Beijing and would extend to Guangdong in the
light of requirements. Now the first phase's task has been finished
in Beijing. From now on, they will work in Guangdong Province. WHO
welcomes China to become a member of the global networks of
virology and epidimilogy established by WHO for SARS. The Ministry
of Health has clearly expressed that China will link its network
with international ones.
I
also suggested to the director of WHO's west pacific region that an
international seminar be held in Hong Kong where experts will be
called together to summarize the work of the first stage and
propose new plans for the future. The director has adopted my
suggestion and the seminar will be held soon.
Q: Can you give some suggestions and guidance, Mr Li, since
SARS is spread in some other places of the world? What kinds of
work should they do?
Li Liming: Recently, a package of suggestions and plans for
the prevention of SARS has been published on China's CDC website. First, aimed at
the characteristics of SARS, i.e. special incidence groups and ways
of spreading SARS, the prevention work will be conducted in
accordance with the respiratory system disease. Second, preventive
measures should be taken to prevent infection inside hospitals.
Third, the training of medical staff will be strengthened to have a
better understanding of the characteristics of SARS in order to
conduct work with a clear aim.
Zhang Wenkang: After several months of effort by the central
government and experts of Guangdong Province, China has gained a
great deal of experience in the diagnosis, cure and prevention of
SARS. The experiences have been collected in book form, including
the disease's diagnosis standards, cure plans, hospital discharge
reference standards, hospital disinfecting and isolation working
guidance, disinfecting methods for public places, and preventive
measures for communities. The English edition will come out soon
and it will be provided for WHO also soon.
Q: In recent weeks, Beijing has also found cases of
"atypical pneumonia". You were asked yesterday on a program of
China's Central Television (CCTV) "What on earth atypical
pneumonia' is?" Why didn't Beijing learn lessons from Guangdong? It
will be conducive to the prevention of the disease if you let the
public know about the disease. During your briefing, you said there
are already prevention measures for the disease. It can be cured.
Do you mean it can be cured through medicines or cured by the
patient's own immune system?
Zhang Wenkang: The cases reported in Beijing are not primary
cases. They are imported cases. That is to say a patient who
infected the disease outside Beijing but sought treatment in
Beijing. He was diagnosed with "atypical pneumonia" or SARS. His
parents and several relatives companying him to Beijing contracted
the disease. Several doctors who treated him also contracted the
disease. Beijing Municipal Health Department has learned
experiences and lessens from Guangdong and they have soon taken
proper isolation treatment for this patient and other patients who
were infected by him as well as those who had contact with him but
haven't yet developed symptoms. Beijing has also received a patient
from Hong Kong. It is because Hong Kong has informed us in time of
the epidemic situation, we had taken isolationist measures as soon
as the patient arrived in Beijing. Because Beijing has learned
lessons from Guangdong, Beijing has effectively controlled its
imported cases and a few cases caused by these imported cases.
Therefore, it hasn't spread out into society. Because the cause of
the "atypical pneumonia" has not been identified, currently there
are no typical and especially effective medicines to treat the
disease.
However, according to the experiences of Guangdong, we have taken
positive treatment in order to increase patients' immune system.
The patients can be cured. At present, the majority of the patients
have recovered and been discharged from hospital. According to the
experience of Guangdong, the combination of western and Chinese
traditional medicines has a better curative effect.
Q: If the Ministry of Health was able to inform earlier the
health departments of Hong Kong on information concerning the
disease including some data, could the health departments of Hong
Kong have better prevented the disease?
Zhang Wenkang: the Ministry of Health had briefed Hong Kong
health authorities on the experience and measures taken by
Guangdong in prevention of the atypical pneumonia through various
channels. The Hong Kong authorities had adopted effective measures
to counter the disease. However, since the cause of this epidemic
disease has not been identified, it has its own process of
development. According to the experiences of Guangdong, it may have
a three-week peak incubation period and then the cases declined
gradually because of adopting proper measures. We wish and also
believe that Hong Kong is able to control the spread of SARS as
soon as possible. We will further cooperate with Hong Kong in
epidemiology, clinical treatment and aetiology.
Chief Executive of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Tung
Chee-hwa suggested Hong Kong to cooperate with Guangdong. We
agreed. We are now discussing the details of cooperation with Hong
Kong at a working level. We will further our cooperation under the
Basic Law of Hong Kong.
Q: China is now exporting SARS. Has China given any help to
other countries? If so, through which channel, WHO or bilaterally?
Has China briefed other governments on related information
including prevention and treatment?
Zhang Wenkang: Guangdong first discovered and reported SARS
cases, but this doesn't mean that Guangdong exported this disease
just as we do not consider that AIDS originated in the United
States for it was first discovered and reported there. At present,
the world should make a joint effort in discovering the pathogen of
the epidemic and its distribution at a possible earlier date so as
to curb the disease effectively.
Q: Just now you said that China's health department had
earlier provided the information to Hong Kong's health authority
through various channels, but the fact is now that the epidemic has
spread to many countries in the world, with some 2,000 people
affected. This means either the mainland reported the information
in an inappropriate way or the Hong Kong side failed to take
appropriate prevention measures after receiving the warning from
the mainland. Who do you think should take the responsibility? If
the world was informed of the epidemic earlier in a more effective
way, it should have been under more effective control. What's your
opinion?
Zhang Wenkang: SARS cases have been discovered and reported
in some places in China, Guangdong and Hong Kong in particular.
Such cases have also been reported in some other countries and
regions. Some of the patients in those countries and regions had
been to Guangdong and Hong Kong, but some others had not. Hence
it's not reasonable to say that the Chinese mainland or Hong Kong
exported the disease.
So
far, we have not found the exact origin of this difficult and
complicated disease. It is after a period of time and after
suffering considerable difficulty that Guangdong accumulated
experience in diagnosing, treating and preventing SARS. I believe
it is not possible for Hong Kong or any other region to command the
methods of preventing and treating the epidemic just depending on
the knowledge of a few health officials. The effective control
depends on the knowledge and cooperation of the public, medical
personnel and the patients.
(China.org.cn April 4, 2003)