China's top legislative body is considering changes to the
Election Law that are expected to strengthen democracy. A draft
amendment will be presented to the Standing Committee of the National
People's Congress (NPC) when it starts its bimonthly session
next Monday.
During its five-and-a-half-day session, the NPC Standing
Committee will also review the draft law on supervision and
undertake the first round of deliberation on the amendment drafts
of nine laws related to the Administrative Licensing Law.
The agenda was adopted at Monday's meeting of the chairman and
vice chairpersons of the Standing Committee of the National
People's Congress, presided over by Chairman Wu
Bangguo.
The Election Law, adopted in 1979, covers elections of all
levels of legislative bodies, from the grass roots to the NPC.
Earlier amendments were enacted in 1982, 1986 and 1995.
"Progress in the gradual reform of the electoral system will
bring a brighter future for democracy," said Huang Weiping,
director of the Institute of Contemporary Chinese Politics Research
at Shenzhen University.
NPC deputies and deputies to the People's Congresses of
provinces, municipalities and cities divided into districts are
elected by the People's Congresses at the next lower level,
according to the law.
Deputies to the People's Congresses of counties, cities not
divided into districts, municipal districts, townships, and towns
are elected directly by their constituencies.
Candidates may be nominated by political parties or
organizations, or by groups of 10 or more voters.
Huang said that the democratic process has been growing more
dynamic in recent years, especially with the participation of
self-nominated candidates in Beijing's district People's Congress
elections.
A dozen college students and professionals including lawyers,
scholars and consumers' rights advocates participated in the
grass-roots election of the capital city in December. They
qualified themselves by collecting nominations from voters.
"I hope my participation in the election will help enhance
democratic awareness among intellectuals and help make elections
more competitive,"said Xu Zhiyong, a 30-year-old law lecturer at
the Beijing
University of Post and Telecommunications. Xu is now also a
deputy to the Haidian District People's Congress.
Wang Liang, headmaster of the Shenzhen Advanced Vocational
School, beat three other Party-nominated opponents in the
grassroots legislature election in May last year to become the
first candidate in Shenzhen to win an election without being
nominated by any party or organization.
However, while the existing election law says the list of
candidates in direct election is finalized through discussion by
the electoral committee, it does not offer specific procedural
rules for such discussion or a solution when a consensus cannot be
reached.
Huang Weiping suggested that lawmakers introduce preliminary
elections into the process. They should also consider raising the
threshold of self-nomination to reduce election costs.
Huang said the amendment should reflect the progress of reform
in the electoral system.
In reviewing laws affected by the recent issuance of the new
Administrative Licensing Law, the Legislative Affairs Commission of
the NPC Standing Committee and the Legislative Affairs Office of
the State Council found a wide range of areas requiring
revision.
The nine laws to be considered during the session are those
pertaining to highways, corporations, securities, receipts,
auctions, wildlife protection, fisheries, seeds and degrees.
The amendments are intended to bring these laws in line with the
new Administrative Licensing Law.
Also during its session, the Standing Committee will hold its
third hearing on the draft laws on contagious disease prevention
and on online signatures, as well as the second hearing on the
draft resolution for improving the jury system.
It will discuss reports on the economy, social development,
agriculture and rural work and the implementation of the Animal
Epidemic Prevention Law.
(China Daily, Xinhua News Agency August 17,
2004)