Forget idyllic country settings with clear streams or the smell
of daisies in the air. What villagers have to put up with in
Xiazhuang Village in Yixing City, Jiangsu
Province, are ink-colored rivers, garbage strewn everywhere,
lawns overgrown with weeds, and the foul odor of rotting food and
waste.
Several villages in Jiangsu and Zhejiang
provinces resemble Xiazhuang, according to a Xinhua News Agency
report on August 30. Waste and garbage of every kind
imaginable are carelessly dumped in the open, posing a serious
threat to people's health and the environment.
In Shanglian Village, Wujiang City, garbage is dumped into
rivers at the village entrance. Several chemical plants are located
nearby. Even the drinking water plant is not spared; trash is
littered all around it.
"A dozen of young people in the village have died from cancer,"
said 60-year-old villager Yu Hailong.
The primary source of pollution is from industrial companies,
many of which have no proper waste discharge system. Companies from
outside the area also dump their waste in the village.
"The rivers used to be clear, but now they are polluted by the
wastewater from scores of chemical plants nearby," said a villager
surnamed Pan from Xiazhuang.
Another source of pollution is agricultural waste. Large
quantities of crop stalks and animal feces are dumped into
rivers.
"There is a pig farm behind this river. The excrement from
several hundred pigs and wastewater are directly discharged into
the river. In summer, flies are buzzing about. And the excrement
and other garbage float when the river water rises during the rainy
season," said a villager surnamed Zhu from Sanyou Village.
Agricultural chemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers add to
the pollution. An inspection of five vegetable bases in south
Jiangsu by the Nanjing Soil Research Institute of the Chinese
Academy of Sciences (CAS) revealed
that soil pollution exceeded acceptable standards.
Statistics show that the per capita output and composition of
garbage in rural areas are approaching those of urban areas.
The quantity of agricultural solid wastes far exceeds that of
industrial solid wastes.
A considerable part of the waste in rural areas is directly
discharged into the environment without proper treatment, causing
serious water, soil and air pollution.
Over the past 20 years, chemical fertilizers have been used as a
substitute to organic fertilizers, such as human and animal
excrement, in Jiangsu. This has put the environment under the
strain of both chemical fertilizer and excrement pollution,
according to Wu Tianma, an expert with Jiangsu Provincial
Environmental Protection Office.
Wu said that in the province, less than 33.3 percent of 45
million tons of plant stalks are used as fertilizer for the fields
and less than 50 percent of the excrement of domestic animals and
fowls are recycled. Less than 10 percent of the excrement of
domestic animals and fowls produced by large-scale breeding farms
are decontaminated.
Higher economic returns have prompted farmers to engage in
industrial work or business. A lot of rural labor have migrated to
the cities, leaving fewer people to manage the labor and
time-consuming farm work, Liu Jiamo, deputy head of Sheyang County
in Jiangsu, said.
Liu said that some new farming equipment and methods cannot
transform plant stalks into fertilizer for the fields. The stalks
are either burned or simply thrown into rivers.
Furthermore, liquefied petroleum gas and coal have become
commonly used as fuel in Jiangsu's villages and less
biological energy sources are used.
It is a serious situation in Jiangsu and Zhejiang where little
capital has been invested in environmental protection
infrastructures in the rural areas. Environment protection
officials are also in great shortage.
(Xinhua News Agency, translated by Yuan Fang for
China.org.cn, September 6, 2005)