Scientific Concept of Development

What is the nature and connotation of the balanced development?

五个统筹的实质与内涵

Wang Mengkui pointed out that balanced development between urban and rural areas, between different regions, between economic and social undertakings, between man and nature as well as between domestic development and opening-up to the world are the fundamental requirements of the Scientific Concept of Development. In the course of building up a prosperous society in an all-round way and accomplishing the modernization drive, it is of vital importance to choose a proper path and pattern to achieve a better form of development.

        王梦奎指出：统筹城乡发展、统筹区域发展、统筹经济社会发展、统筹人与自然和谐发展、统筹国内发展和对外开放，这五个统筹是实现科学发展观的根本要求。其实质，是在全面建设小康社会和实现现代化的进程中，选择什么样的发展道路和发展模式，如何发展得更好的问题。

To coordinate development between urban and rural areas, we should change the dual economic structure in the countryside and the cities. In the past, agricultural policies focused on promoting agricultural production. Currently, more efforts are being made to solve three issues inherent in agriculture, countryside and farmer by industrializing agricultural productions, transferring surplus rural labor to non-agricultural industries and to cities and towns, and incorporating rural economy into the unified national economic market. In future economic reform, efforts should be made to build up an economic system that is a boon to the transformation of the dual economic structure in rural and urban areas. More state policies should be adopted in favor of agriculture, farmers and the countryside.

        统筹城乡发展的实质，是促进城乡二元经济结构的转变。"三农"问题过去主要是农业生产问题，现在是在围绕"农"字做文章的同时，通过工业化、城市化、市场化，促进"三农"问题的根本解决。下一步的经济改革，要着眼于建立有利于改变城乡二元经济结构的体制，国家政策要对解决"三农"问题给予更大支持。

To coordinate development among different regions, we should promote the common development of all regions. Regional gaps are not only found between easternChinaand westernChina, but also between provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government. This problem should be gradually addressed in the course of industrialization, urbanization and market development.

        统筹区域发展的实质，是实现地区共同发展。地区差距不仅表现在东部和中西部之间，也表现在省、自治区、直辖市之间，还表现在省、自治区内部地区之间。地区差距问题要在工业化、城市化和市场化的发展进程中逐步得到解决。

To coordinate development between economic and social undertakings, we should achieve a comprehensive progress of the whole society and enhance the living standard of all people by propelling economic development. With the settlement of food and clothing problems and the deepening of reform, an increasing number of social problems have emerged. Most of the problems are due to government’s failure to carry out its duties in the course of economic restructuring. Measures shall be taken to change the role of government. In particular fields like social security, science and technology, culture and education, public health and medicare, government must fulfill its responsibilities instead of simply putting forward slogans.

        统筹经济社会发展的实质，是在经济发展的基础上实现社会全面进步，增进全体人民的福利。随着温饱问题的解决和改革的深入，经济发展中的社会问题日益凸显出来。社会发展领域存在的问题，许多同经济转轨过程中政府职能不到位有直接关系，需要转变政府职能。社会保障、科学技术、文化教育、公共卫生和医疗等领域有其特殊性，政府必须承担起应负的责任，不能简单地提"市场化"或"产业化"的目标和口号。

To coordinate development between man and nature, we should maintain a proper growth in population, a sustainable utilization of resources, and advocate ecological principals. Compared with other countries,Chinahas a small amount of per-capita resources. Therefore, the government should take into consideration the condition of resources and the endurance of environment when it makes decisions on industrialization, urbanization, development patterns, development strategies, technological policies and even social life styles.

        统筹人与自然和谐发展的实质，是人口适度增长、资源的永续利用和保持良好的生态环境。我国是人均资源比较少的国家，工业化和城市化道路的选择，发展模式、发展战略和技术政策的选择，乃至社会生活方式的选择，都必须考虑资源约束和环境承载能力。

To coordinate development between domestic development and opening-up to the world, we should make the Chinese economy boom by a better use of various resources and markets at home and abroad. In the past,Chinasuffered from a closed economy, small amounts of foreign trade volumes and a scarcity of foreign currencies. The economic structure and policies established at that time should be reformed. A great number of the old understandings on economic issues should be changed. At present, it will be a good step forward to properly increase the imports of resource-intensive products and introduce more advanced technologies. Concerning foreign trade relations, we should make every effort to bring about a "win-win" situation in foreign trades, but we should also note that trade frictions are inevitable when an emerging country tries to penetrate the global market.

        统筹国内发展和对外开放要求的实质，是更好地利用国内外两种资源、两个市场，顺利实现中国经济的振兴。过去在封闭经济、进出口很少、外汇短缺条件下形成的体制和政策需要改革，许多经济观念也需要更新。目前，适当增加资源密集型产品进口，更多引进先进技术是有好处的。在对外经贸关系方面，我们追求的是"双赢"局面。贸易摩擦是任何经济贸易大国在崛起过程中都无法回避的，要用平常心看待这一问题。