Dry spell hits where it hurts
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Even if the seedlings are successfully planted, the drought is also sparking conflicts over how much of the region's limited water resources should be used to irrigate them.
Almost 6 million people and 2.5 million cattle do not have enough available drinking water, despite government efforts to find new sources and ship supplies to remote areas, said the Guizhou water resources bureau.
Authorities in Yunwu town in the south of the province are closely regulating water from Wudaohe River so that it is "only used for drinking, and not watering paddies or seedlings", said resident Lin Xiaolong, 55. He explained the move followed a media report that the river's water reserves had already fallen from 2.7 million cu m to just 300,000 cu m.
"I can understand the difficult situation and I support the government's decision, but now is the time to raise seedlings," he said. "Only about one-fifth of farmers have bothered to buy rice seeds. Others felt that, without enough water, the seedlings would go to waste if no rain comes."
Provincial water resources and agriculture authorities both endorsed the principle that "drinking water comes first, then production."
"Our priority, like in other regions, is to guarantee drinking water supplies for the public. People's lives comes first," said Wang Kaizhi, director of the drought relief office in the city of Duyun. "Our functioning water resource projects can only relieve the impact of the drought on spring cultivation to some extent."
Going up in smoke
Farmers in some regions have already begun to raise seedlings but many are drying out before the rain comes. Among the worst affected is tobacco crops, one of the pillar industries in Yunnan.
The province produces one-third of China's tobacco across about 360,000 hectares, according to the provincial tobacco monopoly bureau, and involves almost two million households. Qian Guancun makes 20,000 yuan a year - almost half of her family's entire income - from his 9 mu (0.6 hectares) of flue-cured tobacco fields in Shilin county. Every spring, she also usually harvests about 300 kg of wheat.
The drought has already destroyed her entire wheat crop and, if the dry spell continues, she fears her tobacco could also be wiped out.
Each week, Qian and her 9-year-old son drive an oxcart 1 km to collect 200 liters of water from the nearest well, "but we can only use this for drinking water," she said. "If there is no rain by May, my tobacco seedlings will be dead."
April 20 to May 10 is the best time to plant tobacco, explained Li Long, director of a tobacco seedlings farm in Shilin. "If farmers miss this time, their yield is seriously reduced also each seedling needs at least 3 liters of water to survive the transplanting process."
Li, whose business provides seedlings to 3,000 farmers, uses greenhouses and irrigation systems to stop seedlings from drying out, and is also building a water link with a nearby reservoir. "But even the reservoir has dried out," he said.
"After we have solved the drinking water problem, we will focus on the protection of the tobacco industry," said Zhang Xuegang, a high-ranking county publicity official.
Even if the rain does come, experts warn there may not be enough villagers left to till the fields, with many young laborers now in cities trying to make up for their drought losses.
More than one million farmers have already left to seek jobs in other provinces, said Xu Haitao, director of the employment bureau under the Guizhou labor and social security department.
China Daily discovered that in several towns in Guizhou, there are very few young laborers left. In one village, a reporter found a 78-year-old man plowing his land.
"I would be better off finding opportunities outside rather than waiting here for rain," said Lu Guangfu in Yizhai. "Almost all the young men have gone. Even when the rain comes, one-fifth of the land in our village will be abandoned."
To cope with the water crisis, Guizhou's agricultural commission has drawn guidelines for the spring cultivation.
Among the suggestions is farmers switching to crops that consume less water, such as corn, potatoes, grains and beans. For those unfamiliar with different crop categories, the commission has sent agricultural experts to the countryside to teach them about the necessary technologies.
"We are encouraging farmers, especially those living by rivers, to cooperatively raise seedlings, while the government is also considering offering subsidies for seedlings that go unused," said commission publicity director Zheng.
However, some are unwilling to play the waiting game.
"My brother-in-law and I cannot go back to growing corn for less profit," said 42-year-old tobacco farmer Ye Qinghong. "If our seedlings do not develop, we will probably join my husband at a factory in Zhejiang province."
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