Dramatic new video footage of two critically endangered Javan rhinos and their calves was released Monday by World Wildlife Fund and Indonesia's National Park Authority.

A Javan rhino mother and calf caught on camera [WWF]

The footage, from a motion-activated video camera in Indonesia's Ujung Kulon National Park, is a huge boost to efforts to save this almost extinct species that is threatened by poaching, disease, and the possibility of a tsunami or volcanic eruption.

"The videos are great news for Javan rhinos and prove that they are breeding in Ujung Kulon," said Dr. Eric Dinerstein, chief scientist at WWF-US. He warned, however, that the survival of the species is still far from certain.

"There are no Javan rhinos in captivity—if we lose the population in the wild, we've lost them all," Dinerstein said, pointing out that an eruption by nearby volcano Anak Krakatau could easily wipe out all life on the peninsula where the rhinos are concentrated.

Possibly the rarest mammal on Earth

The Javan rhino is possibly the rarest mammal on the planet with as few as 40 left. Once numerous throughout Southeast Asia, its population is now likely isolated to Ujung Kulon National Park in Indonesia. This small population size makes it extremely vulnerable to any threat, including poaching for its horn, which is traditionally believed to have medicinal properties.

The video trap, installed by WWF-Indonesia and Ujung Kulon National Park Authority, captured images of the rhinos and their calves between November and December of last year in the dense tropical rainforests of Ujung Kulon National Park on the island of Java.

WWF is working with Ujung Kulon National Park authorities, International Rhino Foundation, Indonesia Rhino Foundation, Asian Rhino Project, IUCN/SSC Rhino Specialist Group and local communities to protect this species from poaching, monitor the remaining rhinos, and establish a new population by relocating several individuals.

Conservation efforts have increased dwindling populations in the past

"Fifty years of conservation experience has taught us that saving Javan rhinos is possible through population management and proper protection," said Dr. Barney Long, head of Asian species conservation at WWF-US. "We've done it before—helping rhino populations rebound in Africa and South Asia—and we can do it again in Indonesia."

Dinerstein added, "The recovery of the white rhino in South Africa is the most successful example of international wildlife conservation for a highly endangered species. With less than 50 left in a single reserve in 1900, there are currently around 20,000 alive in nine countries. Examples like this give us hope that in 10 or 20 years through translocation and proper protection we can begin to witness a Javan rhino rebound."

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