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Wild tigers may vanish in 20 years

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The last remaining Siberian tigers living wild in Northeast China might disappear within decades due to continued poaching and illegal logging, experts warned.

Two Siberian tigers wrestle at the Heilongjiang Siberian Tiger Park. The number of the captive tigers is increasing even as they are threatened in the wild. [Photo/Xinhua]

Over the past 70 years, the estimated number of Siberian tigers, or Amur tigers, has dropped from over 300 to just 18 to 22.

Research by Chinese authorities and the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) has discovered that the animal isone of the planet's most endangered species.

"If the government fails to take effective measures, it's foreseeable that these creatures could disappear from China within 10 to 20 years," said Zhu Chunquan, conservation director of biodiversity and operations at the WWF Beijing office.

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"The poaching of wild animals, which is the tigers' main food source, is the greatest threat to their survival," he said.

Since hunting for wildlife was banned in both provinces from1996, authorities have seen a sharp rise in poaching with iron-wire snares.

Zhu said traps can be easily bought in small shops close to forest areas, with most used to catch red deer, sika deer, wild boars and roe deer, which Amur tigers hunt for food.

"A decade ago, we'd see roe deer while driving by (the forests)," said Cao Zhiquan, director of Qiyuan Forest Farm in Dongfanghong township, Heilongjiang. "Now it's even rare to see a squirrel."

Traps also pose a huge risk to the tigers, too. In October, a dead Siberian tiger was found with a wire snare around its neck near a reservoir in Mishan, Heilongjiang. Wildlife experts said the animal did not choke to death straight away, but starved to death several days later.

A WWF survey of the wild tigers' habitats in Heilongjiang and Jilin found an average of 1.6 traps for every 10 kilometers.

"Volunteers from the WWF hold campaigns to remove traps every year, but we've gradually accepted the fact that we cannot clear all the traps ourselves," Zhu said. "To effectively protect the tigers, we need to call on more people to stop eating wild animals. This isn't something that can be done over a short time, though."

Extensive logging in the mountainous provinces of Heilongjiang and Jilin has also greatly reduced their natural habitats, Zhu continued.

As with poaching, illegal logging became prevalent after the government introduced restrictions, with a total ban placed on the felling of natural forest in 2000.

China's State Forestry Administration said that due to technical constraints and poor management, most wild Siberian tiger reserves, such as the one in Wanda Mountain in Heilongjiang, still lack effective monitoring systems.

In addition, these reserves are often short of workers and do not have enough people with sufficient knowledge about tiger protection.

Experts also believed that international cooperation, especially between China and Russia, is needed to protect the tigers.

An estimated total of 500 wild Siberian tigers live in Russia's Far East and Northeast China, yet infrastructure construction has fragmented the populations.

"Border fences as high as 2 meters are a big obstacle for the tigers to get past," Zhu said, adding that the WWF is looking to help China and Russia protect and restore links between the tigers' habitats. "By doing so, hundreds of wild Siberian tigers in Russia will be able to travel to China, which will result in more cubs being born."

The conservationist said both countries should try to make agreements to use recording devices along the border, instead of fences.

The State Forestry Administration said China has paid great attention to international cooperation on tiger conservation and has promised more joint projects.

Jiang Guangshun, a senior researcher of China's tiger protection project under the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), believed that inadequate professionals is another problem.

"Protection of Siberian tigers is a long and complicated task," Jiang said. "Severe lack of professionals is a question we have to face."

(China Daily contributed to the news story)

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