Interpretation of Act on Climate Change
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E-mail China.org.cn, March 31, 2012
4 Deceleration, Adaption and Guarantee
(ⅰ) Decelerating Climate Change
For measures of decelerating climate change, the draft proposal suggests they should be scientific, economic, fair and reasonable, satisfying general requirements of relevant reporting, monitoring, checking and tracking. In accordance with that, the draft proposal then offers comprehensive and special measures of decelerating climate change.
In respect of comprehensive measures, the draft proposal makes suggestions for energy structure, industrial structure, eliminating system, progress of technology, utilization of energy, program of greenhouse gas emission reduction, agreement of energy conservation and emission reduction, system of meeting standards within a time limit, trial of low carbon region, regional ecological protection and other sides or links. There are a series of universal measures adopted by resource and environment laws and rules among these measures. Such as eliminating system and system of meeting standards within a time limit. Otherwise, there are special measures of special climate change situation. These measures are actually aimed at deceleration climate change. Such as renewable energy resource structure, upgrading industrial structure, formulating greenhouse gas emission reduction program, making agreement of energy conservation and emission reduction, taking trial of low carbon regions, establishing system of regional ecological compensation. And these rules are reasonable and practical in accordance with style of laws and rules.
In respect of special measures, the draft proposal sets following measures: industrial measures, product capacity measures, agriculture measures, forestry measures, grassland measures, marine measures, traffic measures, building measures and livelihood measures. These measures are partly mandatory to different industries and sectors. Meanwhile, relevant laws, rules and practicability play a role in their style.
(ⅱ) Adapting to Climate change
Measures of adaption to climate change are partly different on account of various climate change industries and regions. Therefore, with guidance of general requirements, the draft proposal puts forward more proposals about measures of different fields other than comprehensive measures. The draft proposal designs special articles for industrial measures, bio-diversity maintenance measures, agriculture measures, forestry measures, marine measures, traffic measures, building measures and livelihood measures, water resource measures, tourism measures, monitoring and issuing early warning measures, dealing with emergencies measures, information communication and cooperation measures, widely and specially. For the practicability, guidance and mandatory are applied to different measures. At the same time, many measures of adapting to climate change are adopted with consideration of addressing practically climate change: bio-diversity maintenance measures, improving anti-flood system of large rivers, enhancing control of soil and water erosion, restoring island and coastal zone, strengthening management of tourism, doing researches about impact of climate change on human health, taking actions to control temperature in public places. These contents are partly special. And some are concrete. Just like taking actions to control temperature in public places, which is practicable. Others are conductive and instructional, relying on relevant laws for improvement.
(ⅲ) Guarantee of Addressing Climate Change
Addressing climate change requires various guarantee measures to implement. These measures need following traits: Firstly, comprehension and gradation are combined to protect the process of addressing climate change in many ways and levels. Secondly, generality and concreteness are combined, offering both general guarantee measures and concrete guarantee measures. Meanwhile, guarantee of program, guarantee of finance, guarantee of invest, guarantee of science and technology, and others are general guarantee measures. Guarantee of taxation and fee, guarantee of price, guarantee of insurance, guarantee of credit, guarantee of fund, guarantee of clean development mechanism (CDM) and others are concrete guarantee measures. Thirdly, universal and special mechanisms are combined, setting general resource, environment law guarantee mechanism and unique guarantee mechanism. And government procurement and others are general guarantee mechanisms, clean development mechanism (CDM), government fund for addressing climate change; private fund for addressing climate change, credit guarantee of enterprises, agriculture and forestry insurance and others are unique guarantee mechanisms. Fourthly, domestic and international mechanisms are combined, drawing lessons from experience of international universal law mechanism and associating with situation of domestic relevant industries and actions. On the whole, the draft proposal set following measures to guarantee the measures of decelerating and adapting to climate change: program measures, finance measures, invest measures, science and technology measures, energy production measures, taxation and fee measures, price measures, insurance measures, credit measures, funding measures, consumption measures, government procurement measures, government fund, private fund, domestic and international CDM and others.
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