Section 2: Reading Comprehension (55 points)

In this section you will find after each of the passages a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage, each with 4 (A, B, C and D) choices to complete the statement. You must choose the one which you think fits best. Then blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 75 minute.

Questions 51－56 are based on the following passage.

Awarded the Nobel Prize for physics in 1918, German physicist Max Planck is best remembered as the originator of the quantum theory. His work helped usher in a new era in theoretical physics and revolutionized the scientific community’s understanding of atomic and subatomic processes.

Planck introduced an idea that led to the quantum theory, which became the foundation of twentieth century physics. In December 1900, Planck worked out an equation that described the distribution of radiation accurately over the range of low to high frequencies. He had developed a theory which depended on a model of matter that seemed very strange at the time. The model required the emission of electromagnetic radiation in small chunks or particles. These particles were later called quantums. The energy associated with each quantum is measured by multiplying the frequency of the radiation, v, by a universal constant, h. Thus, energy, or E, equals hv. The constant, h, is known as Planck’s constant. It is now recognized as one of the fundamental constants of the world.

Planck announced his findings in 1900, but it was years before the full consequences of his revolutionary quantum theory were recognized. Throughout his life, Planck made significant contributions to optics, thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, physical chemistry, among other fields.

51. In which of the following fields did Max Planck not make a significant contribution?

A. Optics.

B. Thermodynamics.

C. Statistical mechanics.

D. Biology.

52. The word “revolutionary” as used in line 16 means_____.

A. radical

B. extremist

C. momentous

D. militaristic

53. It can be inferred from the passage that Planck’s work led to the development of which of the following?

A. The rocket.

B. The atomic bomb.

C. The internal combustion engine.

D. The computer.

54. The particles of electromagnetic radiation given off by matter are known as_____.

A. quantums

B. atoms

C. electrons

D. valences

55. The implication in this passage is that_____.

A. only a German physicist could discover such a theory

B. quantum theory, which led to the development of twentieth century

physics, is basically a mathematical formula

C. Planck’s constant was not discernible before 1900

D. radiation was hard to study

56. “An idea” as used in line 5, refers to_____.

A. a model of matter

B. emission of electromagnetic radiation

C. quantums

D. the equation that described the distribution of radiation accurately over the range of low to high frequencies