第一段:开头段。主要是归纳论点,说明论点有问题,存在逻辑漏洞,准备发起进攻。
第一层:This argument concludes / recommends / argues that…
第二层:To support this conclusion the writer cites… / points out that…
第三层:However, this argument suffers from several critical flaws and is therefore unconvincing/ unpersuasive as it stands.
第二段和第三段甚至第四段:分类别去攻击各个逻辑错误。(以因果关系类错误为例)
One problem with the argument is that, the editorial observes a correlation between… and…, then concludes that the former is the cause of the latter. However, the editorial fails to rule out other possible explanations for… For example, … Any of these factors, or other social, political or economic factors, might lead to… Without ruling out all other such factors it is unfair to conclude that…
第五段:结尾段。作者的结论似乎是合理的,但是通过论证,不是这样的。因此作者在做出决定之前,应该还要考虑其他情况。
In the final analysis, the author fails to adequately support the recommendation that…To bolster the argument, the arguer must provide detailed demographic / statistical evidence showing that… The author must also provide evidence -- perhaps by way of a reliable survey -- that…
(来源:网络)
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