很多初次接触考试的学生总是非常担心写作的综合写作部分,也就是我们说的小作文。他们常提出这样的疑问:“怎么考得这么变态啊?读了又听再写!”其实大家完全不必为此如此焦虑,等看完下面的文章,读完下面的四大必杀技,我相信你一定会豁然开朗!
首先,summarize,也就是概括阅读和听力文章的主要内容和各三个分论点。这其实就是Introduction要写的内容,掌握了概括,第一段就不成问题咯!
其次,paraphrase,也就是改写。掌握好了改写句子,你写起文章来将会感觉到如鱼得水,游刃有余。改写其实主要有下面的两种方法:
第一,使用不同的词汇
a. 使用同义词。比如以下的一些写作高频词汇的同义词,出现的尤为频繁,你一定要掌握。
important → essential / crucial / vital / significant;
think → claim / believe / consider / deem / figure out;
nowadays → currently / at present / now / recently / in recent years / these days
b. 改变词性。这是一种稍微难一些的方法,要求你的语法基础非常好,你才能灵活自如的运用。
n. → v.
Eg:When we look at a comparison between A and B…
→ When we compare A and B…
adj. → n.
Eg:There are a variety of solutions to the problem.
→ There are various solutions to the problem.
c. 使用不同的承接词。承接词在文章当中的使用相当频繁,不仅是段落和段落的连接,还包括句子和句子的连接。背住一些常用的承接词比你的改写将会有极大的作用。
because of → due to / owing to / because / as / since / for;
but → however / nevertheless / nonetheless / whereas;
so → therefore / hence / thus / consequently
d. 形容词的逆向表达。在某些形容词上进行修改,会达到非比寻常的效果。
Eg:not as easy as… → more difficult than…;
not uncommon → common;
the cheapest → the least expensive
第二,使用不同的句型
a. 改变词序。这是非常简单的一种方法,完全不用动脑筋就可以进行改写。常常将句子中的状语(包括状语从句)换位置。
Eg:For many years, people have believed…
→ People believed… for many years.
b. 主动语态和被动语态的互相替换。
Eg:Trained scientists performed this research.
→ This research was performed by trained scientists.
c. 使用“there be”句型。可以将一个简单句,马上变成一个加入定语从句或者分词的复杂句。
Eg:Several computer programs can be used to solve this problem.
→ There are several computer programs that can be used to solve this problem.或There are several computer programs used to solve this problem.
d. 定语从句、分词和插入语的互相替换。
Eg:Study…, conducted by sociologists in 2004, shows that…
→ Study…, which was conducted by sociologists in 2004, shows that…
Eg:This…, which is one of the most powerful… in the world, has…
→This…, one of the most powerful… in the world, has…
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