西方人在书面语里经常会使用分词结构,这也是英语中一种极为实用的句型结构,英文报纸杂志上触目皆是:
· Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.
生活没有目标就像航海没有指南针。(法国作家 大仲马)
· Dancing in all its forms cannot be excluded from the curriculum of all noble education: dancing with the feet, with ideas, with works, and, need I add that one must also be able to dance with the pen.
所有高尚教育的课程表里都不能没有各种形式的跳舞:用脚跳舞,用思想跳舞,用言语跳舞,不用说,还需用笔跳舞。(德国哲学家 尼采)
· How much more profitable for the independent mind, after the mere rudiments of education, to range through a library at random, taking down books as the mother wit suggests!
受到初步的基础教育之后,对于愿意独立思考的人来说,在图书馆里信手取下一本书来,根据个人的天赋随意涉猎,这该是多大的好处啊!(英国纽曼红衣主教 享利)
从上面的例子我们不难看出,英文作者大都喜欢在他们的文章和语言表达中使用“分词结构”,因为这种结构可以使得描述更加生动,更加富有节奏感。同样地,朗阁海外考试研究中心建议,对于参加雅思的考生来说,在写作中适当适量使用这种句型无疑可以提高写作的成绩。
这种分词结构实际上是把两句话合并成一个句子,只是其中一个句子省略主语,成为半句话(作为主句的状语)。这半句话视其含义置于主句的前面或后面。以下是通过分词结构把两个句子合并成一个句子的实例:
1) China's former leader Mao Zedong once declared war against sparrows.
2) Mao believed sparrows, were a pest and a nuisance.
两句并为一句的先决条件之一是主语相同;其次是这两句话的半句要补充或解释主句,主句为主,半句为从,这个主从关系必须确认。上面两句话符合这两个标准,因此我们可以合并为:
1) China's former leader Mao Zedong once declared war against sparrows, believing they were a pest and a nuisance.
2) Believing sparrows were a pest and a nuisance, China's former leader Mao Zedong once declared war against them.
上面的两种形式都可以,即可以把分词结构放在主语的前面或者后面。以believing为首的分词结构告诉我们毛泽东向麻雀宣战的背景,宣战是主要含义,两者的从属关系不能混淆。
为了能让大家对于分词结构的运用有更深入的了解,朗阁海外考试研究中心写作组的专家在这里将其用法进行了以下的划分:
|