Illegal gambling and match-fixing attempts pose a bigger threat to soccer than doping, FIFA betting experts told a Zurich congress on Monday.

"It is a big threat ... in the special case of football even bigger than doping because of the perception it leaves in the minds of the public," said Detlev Zenglein, analyst for the Early Warning System (EWS) set up by soccer's ruling body FIFA to monitor betting patterns.

"Every time there are rumors it sticks in people's heads and lessens their enthusiasm for sport because they think they might have been cheated."

According to EWS officials, illegal betting could account for more than 100 billion of an estimated $350 billion revenue generated by gambling worldwide.

FIFA President Sepp Blatter (right) sits beside former German national soccer captain and Bayern Munich President Franz Beckenbauer as they attend the International Football Arena (IFA) meeting in Zurich on Monday. [Reuters]

"That's the general industry reckoning for how much revenue, meaning the total turnover minus winnings paid out, was collected in the illegal Asian betting markets this year," EWS strategy head Wolfgang Feldner told Reuters.

"Our main fight is against those markets. In Europe the industry is highly regulated, they have their rules and they are fighting with us against threats such as match-fixing.

"We have to make the public aware though that in Asia there is something going on that attacks the integrity of the sport."

According to congress speakers, the biggest difficulty lies in connecting unusual betting patterns with actual attempts to rig results.

"We have had more than 25 UEFA-organized matches in the last two seasons that were very likely manipulated but the investigations are still ongoing," said Carsten Koerl, chief executive of bet monitoring firm Sportradar.

"What is needed in Europe is a specific cross-border law for match-fixing so investigators know how to proceed."

European soccer's ruling body UEFA have previously confirmed it is investigating matches, without giving details of the clubs or competitions involved.

EWS officials said they had seen no evidence of irregular betting at the 2006 World Cup or in any qualifying games for the 2010 edition.

International Olympic Committee ethics commission secretary Paquerette Girard Zappelli told the congress there had also been no sign of unusual gambling during this year's Beijing Games where EWS also monitored betting traffic.

President Sepp Blatter said FIFA would work with the betting industry to safeguard football's values but also warned against scaremongering, citing recent allegations of match-rigging at the World Cup.

"It was written and said there was match-fixing without one item of evidence," Blatter said.

"In FIFA we are prepared to fight for clean, proper and fair sport but we cannot stand people abusing football or using it as a platform to spread new scandals when finally there are none."

(Agencies via China Daily November 12, 2008)